APPENDICES. Table of The Speech functions analysis of and typical mood of clauses

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1 APPENDICES Table of Speech functions analysis of and typical mood of clauses Participants Text/ Interaction Speech Function Typical ( hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. Close against the side of the station there was the warm shaw of the building and a curtain, made of strings of bamboo beads, hung across the open or into the bar, to keep out flies. and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went to Madrid). What should we drink? Question Interrogative (Having taken off her hat and put it on the table). It s pretty hot. Let s drink beer. Offer Imperative Dos cervezas.* (saying into Command Imperative the curtain) A woman Big ones? (asking from the Question Interrogative woman orway) Yes. Two big ones. (Bringing two glasses of beer and two felt pads. Putting the felt pads and the beer glass on the table and looking at the man and the girl. Compliance Elliptical Declarative Minor Clause (non-verbal response) (Looking off at the line of hills. y were white in the sun and the country was brown and dry). y look like white elephants. 70

2 I ve never seen one. Contradiction (Drinking his beer) No, you wouldn t have Elliptical Declarative I might have. Contradiction Just because you say I wouldn t have esn t prove anything (Looking at the bead curtain). y ve painted something on it. What es it say? Elliptical Declarative Question Interrogative Anis del Toro. Minor Clause It s a drink Could we try it? Question Interrogative Listen (calling through the Command Imperative curtain). woman (Coming out from the bar). Compliance (non-verbal response) Four reales. Command We want two Anis del Toro Command A woman With water? Question Minor Clause Do you want it with water? Question Interrogative I n t know. Is it good with water? Contradiction Question Interrogative It s all right. woman You want them with water? Question Interrogative Yes, with water. Minor Clause It tastes like liquorice. (And putting the glass wn) That s the way with everything. Yes. Everything tastes of liquorice. Especially all the things you ve waited so long for, like absinthe. Acknowledgment Elliptical Declarative Oh, cut it out. Command Imperative You started it. I was being amused. I was having a fine time. Well, let s try and have a fine time. All right. I was trying. I said the mountains looked Offer Acceptance Imperative Minor Clause 71

3 like white elephants. Wasn t that bright? Question Interrogative That was bright. I wanted to try this new drink. That s all we, isn t it look at things and try new drinks? Question Interrogative I guess so. (Looking across at the hills). y re lovely hills. y n t really look like white elephants. I just meant the colouring of their skin through the trees. Should we have another drink? Question Interrogative All right. Minor Clause beer s nice and cool. It s lovely. Acknowledgment It s really an awfully simple operation,. It s not really an operation at all. (Looking at the ground the table legs rested on). I know you wouldn t mind it,. It s really not anything. It s just to let the air in. (Not saying anything). I ll go with you and I ll stay with you all the time. y just let the air in and then it s all perfectly natural. n what will we Question Interrogative afterwards? We ll be fine afterwards. Just like we were before. What makes you think so? Question Interrogative That s the only thing that bothers us. It s the only thing that s made us unhappy. (Looking at the bead curtain, putting her hand out and taking hold of two of the strings of beads). And you think then we ll be all right and be happy? I know we will. You n t have to be afraid. Question Command Interrogative Imperative 72

4 I ve known lots of people that have ne it. So have I. Acknowledgment Elliptical Declarative And afterwards they were all so happy. Well, if you n t want to you n t have to. I wouldn t have you it if you didn t want to. But I know it s perfectly simple. And you really want to? Question Interrogative I think it s the best thing to. But I n t want you to it if you n t really want to. And if I it you ll be happy and things will be like they were and you ll love me? I love you now. You know I love you. I know. But if I it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you ll like it? I ll love it. I love it now but I just can t think about it. You know how I get when I worry. If I it you won t ever worry? I won t worry about that because it s perfectly simple. n I ll it. Because I n t care about me. But I n t care about me. And I ll it and then everything will be fine. I n t want you to it if Question Acknowledgment Question Question Interrogative Interrogative Interrogative What you mean? Question Interrogative I n t care about me. Well, I care about you. Oh, yes. Acknowledgment Elliptical Declarative you feel that way. (Standing up and walking to the end of the station. Across, Contradiction 73

5 on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. shaw of a cloud moved across the field of grain. And seeing the river through the trees). And we could have all this. And we could have everything and every day we make it more impossible. What did you say? Question Interrogative I said we could have everything. We can have everything. No, we can t. Contradiction Elliptical Declarative We can have the whole world. No, we can t. Contradiction Elliptical Declarative We can go everywhere. No, we can t. It isn t ours anymore. Contradiction Contradiction Elliptical Declarative It s ours. No, it isn t. And once they take it away, Contradiction Elliptical Declarative you never get it back. But they haven t taken it Contradiction away. We ll wait and see. Come on back in the shade. You mustn t feel that way. Command Command Imperative Imperative I n t feel any way. I just know things. Refusal I n t want you to anything that you n t want to Nor that isn t good for me. I know. Could we have another beer? Contradiction Question Interrogative All right. But you ve got to realize Command Minor Clause Imperative 74

6 I realize. Can t we maybe stop talking? Command Interrogative (y sat wn at the table and the girl looked across at the hills on the dry side of the valley and the man looked at her and at the table). You ve got to realize that I n t want you to it if you n t want to. I m perfectly willing to go through with it if it means anything to you. Doesn t it mean anything to you? We could get along. Of course it es. But I n t want anybody but you. I n t want anyone else. And I know it s perfectly simple. Yes, you know it s perfectly simple. It s all right for you to say that, but I know it. Would you something for me now? Command Question Contradiction Acknowledgment Interrogative Command Modulated Interrogative I d anything for you. Compliance Would you please please please please please please please stop talking? (Not saying anything but looking at the bags against the wall of the station. re were labels on them from all the hotels where they had spent nights. But I n t want you to. I n t care anything about it. Command Modulated Interrogative I ll scream woman (Coming out through the curtains with two glasses of beer and put them wn on the damp felt pads). train comes in five minutes. What did she say? Question Interrogative That the train is coming in five minutes. (Smiling brightly at the 75

7 woman, to thank her). I d better take the bags over to the other side of the station. (Smiling at him). All right. Acknowledgment Minor Clause n come back and we ll Command Imperative finish the beer. (Picking up the two heavy bags and carried them around the station to the other tracks. Looking up the tracks but could not see the train. Coming back, walking through the bar-room, where people waiting for the train were drinking. Drinking an Anis at the bar and looking at the people. y were all waiting reasonably for the train. Going out through the bead curtain). (Sitting at the table and smiling at him). Do you feel better? Question Interrogative I feel fine. re s nothing wrong with me. I feel fine. * Dos cervezas (Spanish) means two bottles of beer. 76

8 Table 4.2 analysis of and What should we drink? What should we drink? WH/Complement Finite Subject Predicator Let s drink beer. Let s drink beer. Subject Predicator Complement y look like white elephants. look y like white elephants. look Subject Finite Predicator Circumstantial No, you wouldn t have. No, you wouldn t have. Polarity Subject Finite Predicator y ve painted something on it. y ve painted something on it. Subject Finite Predicator Complement Circumstantial What es it say? What es it say? WH/Complement Finite Subject Predicator RE- -SIDUE Could we try it? Could we try it? Finite Subject Predicator Complement 77

9 I n t know. I n t know. Subject Finite Predicator Is it good with water? Is it good with water? Finite Subject Complement Circumstantial It tastes like liquorice. tastes It like liquorice. es taste Subject Finite Predicator Circumstantial Yes. Yes. Polarity Everything tastes of liquorice. tastes Everything of liquorice. es taste Subject Finite Predicator Adjunt: Circumstantial Especially all the things you ve waited so long for, like absinthe. Especially, all the things you ve waited so long for (are) like absinthe. Comment Subject Finite Complement You started it. started You it. did start Subject Finite Predicator Complement 78

10 I was being amused. I was being amused. Subject Finite Predicator Complement I was having a fine time. I was having a fine time. Subject Finite Predicator Complement All right. All right. Minor I was trying. I was trying. Subject Finite Predicator I said the mountains looked like white elephants. I said the mountains looked did look like white elephants. Subject Finite Predicator Circumstantial Wasn t that bright? Wasn t that bright? Finite Subject Complement I wanted to try this new drink. wanted to try I this new drink. did want to try Subject Finite Predicator Complement 79

11 That s all we, isn t it look at things and try new drinks? That s all we, isn t it Subject Finite Complement Finite Subject Look at things and try new drinks? Predicator Circumstantial Predicator Complement REDISUE y re lovely hills. y re lovely hills. Subject Finite Complement y n t really look like white elephants. y n t really look like white elephants. Subject Finite Predicator Circumstantial I just meant the colouring of their skin through the trees. I just meant the colouring of their skin through did mean the trees. Subject Finite Predicator Complement All right. All right. Minor It s lovely. It s lovely. Subject Finite Complement n what will we afterwards? n what will we afterwards? Conj WH/Compl. Fin Subj Predicat Circ RE- -SIDUE 80

12 What makes you think so? makes What you think so? es make WH/Subject Finite Predicator Complement And you think then we ll be all right and be happy. And Conjunctive think you think Subject Finite Predicator then Circumstantial we ll be all right and be happy. Complement So have I. So have I. conjunctive Finite Subject And afterwards they were all so happy. And afterwards they were all so happy. (part of Subject Finite Subject: Complement Conjunctive Circumstantial they) RE- -SIDUE And you really want to? And you really want to? want to? Conjunctive Subject Finite Predicator And if I it you ll be happy and things will be like they were and you ll love me? And if I it you ll be happy Conjunc Subj Finite Predicat Compl Subj Finite Predicat Comp and things will be like they and you ll love me? were Subj Fin Pred Compl Subj Fin Pred Compl 81

13 I know. know. I know Subject Finite Predicator But if I it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you ll like it? But if I it, Conjunc Subject Finite Predicator Complement say things are like then It will be nice again if I say white elephants, Adj: Subj Fin Pred Comp Sub Fin Pred Compl Circ Circ RE- -SIDUE And you ll like it? Subject Finite Predicator Complement If I it you won t ever worry? If I it you won t ever worry? Subject Finite Predicator Complement Subject Finite Predicator n I ll it. n I ll it. Circumstantial Subject Finite Predicator Complement Because I n t care about me. Because I n t care about me. Conjunctive Subject Finite Predicator Circumstantial 82

14 I n t care about me. I n t Care about me. Subject Finite Predicator Circumstantial Oh, yes. Oh, Continuity yes. Polarity But I n t care about me. But I n t care about me. Conjunctive Subject Finite Predicator Circumstantial And I ll it and then everything will be fine. And I ll it and then everything will be fine. Adj: Adj: Sub Fin Pred Comp Subject Fin Pred Comp Conj Circ And we could have all this. And we could have all this. Conjunction Subject Finite Predicator Complement And we could have everything and every day we make it more impossible. every every make more And we could have and we it thing day make impossible. Adj: Adj: Fin Sub Fin Pred Comp Sub Pred Com Comp Conj Circ. RE- -SIDUE I said we could have everything. I said We could have everything. Subject Finite Predicator Complement 83

15 No, we can t. No, we can t. Polarity Subject Finite No, we can t. No, we can t. Polarity Subject Finite No, we can t. No, we can t. Polarity Subject Finite It isn t ours anymore. It isn t ours any more. Subject Finite Complement Circumstantial No, it isn t. No, it isn t. Polarity Subject Finite And once they take it away, you never get it back. And once they Adj: Conj take take Sub Fin Pred Com it away, you never get it back. (part of pred: take) Sub Adj: Pred Com (part of pred: get) We ll wait and see. We ll wait and see. Subject Finite Predicator 84

16 I n t feel any way. I n t feel any way. Subject Finite Predicator Conjunctive I just know things. know I just things. know Subject Finite Predicator Complement Nor that isn t good for me. Nor that isn t good for me. Subject Finite Complement Conjunction Circumstantial I know. know. I know Subject Finite Predicator Could we have another beer? Could we have another beer? Finite Subject Predicator Complement I realize. I realize. realize Subject Finite Predicator Can t we maybe stop talking? Can t we maybe stop talking? Finite Subject Predicator 85

17 Doesn t it mean anything to you? Doesn t it mean anything to you? Finite Subject Predicator Complement Circumstantial We could get along. We could get along Subject Finite Predicator Yes, you know it s perfectly simple. Yes, you know know it s perfectly simple. Polarity Subject Finite Predicator Complement Would you something for me now? Would you something for me now? Finite Subj Pred Compl Circumstantial Circumstantial COMPLEMENT Would you please please please please please please please stop talking? Would you please please please please please please please stop talking? Finite Subject Continuity Predicator I ll scream. I ll scream Subject Finite Predicator What did she say? What did she say? WH/Complement Finite Subject Predicator RE- -SIDUE All right. All right. Minor 86

18 n come back and we ll finish the beer. n come back and we ll finish the beer. Conjunctive Predicator Subject Finite Predicator Complement I feel fine. feel I fine. feel Subject Finite Predicator Complement re s nothing wrong with me. re s nothing wrong with me. Subject Finite Complement Circumstantial I feel fine. feel I fine. feel Subject Finite Predicator Complement 87

Cambridge Discovery Readers. Ask Alice. Margaret Johnson. American English CEF. Cambridge University Press

Cambridge Discovery Readers. Ask Alice. Margaret Johnson. American English CEF. Cambridge University Press Cambridge Discovery Readers Ask Alice Margaret Johnson American English CEF A2 People in the story Alice: a 14-year-old girl; she writes for the student Web site at her school Lauren: the main writer on