TE REO. Dame Te Atairangikaahu. Haere rā. Vol. 13 Issue #3 AKUHATA/AUGUST 2006

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1 ISSN N E W S L E T T E R TE REO Dame Te Atairangikaahu. Haere rā. Vol. 13 Issue #3 AKUHATA/AUGUST 2006 Special Interest Group No.76 of the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Inc. The MIG formed in 1993 & was ratified by the NZSG at the Christchurch Council Meeting on Saturday the 3 rd December 1994 Official Publication of the NZSG Maori Interest Group

2 NZSG MĀORI INTEREST GROUP TE REO Volume 13 Issue 3 AKUHATA/AUGUST 2006 Executive Committee Please address all correspondence to the MIG Secretary as below; New Zealand Society of Genealogists Attention : Māori Interest Group Secretary PO Box 8795 Symonds Street Auckland, AKD 1035 NEW ZEALAND or Mëra-hiko/ MaoriSIG@genealogy.org.nz with the Subject line "Maori Interest Group" CONVENOR : SECRETARY : TREASURER : NEWSLETTER EDITOR : Mr. Peter ALLEN Mrs. Brenda JOYCE Mrs. Brenda JOYCE Mr. Bruce MATHERS RESEARCH OFFICER : RESEARCH ADVISOR : WHAKAPAPA ADVISOR : WEBMASTER : ARCHIVIST : LOOKUP SERVICE : EXECUTIVE LIAISON : Mrs. Brenda JOYCE Mr. Peter ALLEN [Māori Land Court] Mrs. Heather WEBBER-AITU Mr. Bruce MATHERS Mrs. Patty MATHERS (Honorary) Mrs. Lorraine RICE Mrs. Brenda JOYCE (Māori Interest Group) When corresponding with officers of the MIG you must always quote your NZSG Membership Number and include a LARGE Stamped Self-Addressed Envelope [SSAE] with your letter if a reply is anticipated.

3 TE REO PAGE 3 Membership of the NZSG Māori Interest Group is free, but you must be a financial member of the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Inc. IN THIS ISSUE STOP PRESS! DAME TE ATAIRANGIKAAHU 4 IMPORTANT NOTICES PLEASE READ! 5 MLC UPDATE MIG AGM REPORTS 8 WHAKAPAPA: AN INTRODUCTION FAMILY HISTORY WEEK 14 KING TAWHIAO 16 CARING FOR MĀORI TEXTILES 17 TANGI PRACTICE 19 AWATAHA CATHOLIC MISSION & ST MARY S Final 20 WHAKAPAPA RESEARCH INTERESTS 22 Please have all material for the next newsletter [Noema/November 2006] to the MIG Secretary before the 25 th Oketopa/October 2006

4 PAGE 4 TE REO STOP PRESS! The mighty kauri has fallen It is with grief we received the sad news of the death of Dame Te Atairangikaahu ONZ, DBE, (23 July August 2006) the Māori Queen who reigned for 40 years and served her people with genuine devotion and commitment. Haere rā.

5 TE REO PAGE 5 IMPORTANT NOTICES PLEASE READ! Please note that the following reports were written well in advance of the Queen s recent passing and unfortunately preclude any formal acknowledgement of this sad occasion at this time by the MIG executive however the committee extends its sympathies to the family of Dame Te Atairangikaahu on behalf of all our members. CONVENOR S CORNER: Convenor: Editor/Webmaster: Secretary/Treasurer: Peter Allen Bruce Mathers Brenda Joyce Research Refer all research questions or enquiries to the MIG webmaster and editor of Te Reo at ecowell@tpg.com.au. Alternatively, write to the Secretary at NZSG PO Box 8795 Symonds Street, Auckland 1035 and Brenda will ensure your questions will appear in the next issue of Te Reo. Kia ora Members; The 2006 MIG AGM minutes have been printed in this issue of Te Reo. Officers remain the same; Peter ALLEN Convenor August 2006 [Editorial Rights] BM EDITORIAL: Kia Ora; After the recent AGM during the NZSG conference held in Hamilton over Queen s Birthday, the previous MIG executive was returned to office and we extend our special thanks to Brenda and Peter for continuing in their invaluable roles I would also like to take this opportunity to extend to Peter and his family the heartfelt sympathy of the group in the sad loss of his wife Rangi. We are extremely grateful to Peter for continuing in his role a Convenor, despite his personal grief, during this sad time. From all accounts not only was the conference a huge success but also the MIG AGM and display table which was manned throughout the weekend by Pe- (Continued on page 7)

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7 TE REO PAGE 7 (Continued from page 5) ter. During the conference we also managed to launch the group s own publication Whakapapa: An introduction to Māori family history research - this is a basic how to [approach researching Whakapapa] aimed primarily at beginners but we are also sure the more experienced researcher will also find some of the hints useful, and we must admit the success of the publication has taken us a little by surprise with the first print being sold out and by the time members receive this issue of Te Reo we expect to be in the third printing of the guide. The booklet has been well received to date and we are confident everyone will find it useful, further details are available elsewhere in this issue. While this A4 inhouse publication is professionally printed and bound and with a colour front page, we fully expect to not only recoup our costs but to also achieve a modest profit at $7.00 ea incl. post which will enable us to fund more resources for the group. The MIG would also like to thank NZSG executive officer Peter NASH for his enthusiastic support of the Whakapapa guide which he promoted through the NZSG sales table at Hamilton and the booklet is also available over the counter at the FRC Panmure. The following pages also include the 2006 Māori Interest Group AGM Reports and as you will see, moves are also being made on the redevelopment of the now defunct GRINZ logo for MIG use. Finally I would also like to extend to both Peter and Brenda my personal thanks for continuing in their positions on the MIG Council as their proficiency and personal contributions to this publication are an irreplaceable asset to our entire membership. We wish all our members research success in the coming twelve months and thank you for your support of our endeavours. Please don t forget to purchase your copy of Whakapapa: An introduction to Māori family history research after all, it s your research guide! Hope to see you all at the Wellington Conference in Haere Ra Bruce MATHERS Puruhi MATERA August 2006 UPDATE ON RESEARCHING MĀORI LAND OWNERSHIP Previously, when trying to find your ancestors land you would write to the Māori Land Court for a copy of Land Interest in your ancestor s name. This has now changed. You should now request a copy of Owners Details Report. This will give you the owner s name and the blocks registered under their name and their share of the holding. The other document to ask for is the Management Structure Detail Report. If your ancestor was in a trust you will be given the names and addresses of all the members of the trust. The trust secretary may be able to give you further information. Peter Allen

8 PAGE 8 TE REO MĀORI INTEREST GROUP 2006 AGM REPORTS Convenor Peter ALLEN manning the group s display table during the Hamilton conference. CONVENOR S ANNUAL REPORT: Since we met together at Nelson in June last year we have received five Māori Interest Group newsletters to keep us informed, thank you Bruce for producing the newsletters every three months, try to keep up-to-date with your subscriptions [koha] as it all helps us buy resources for our group. My thanks to Brenda JOYCE [she] has been a great support this past year as Secretary and Treasurer, who keeps in contact with Bruce MATHERS and myself. Bruce MATHERS has also been a great support this year producing membership cards and constructing our webpage, thank you Bruce for your enthusiasm and help. We thank all those who sent in stories for our newsletter and for the Whakapapa as they are very interesting and I for one collect them. Kia ora Peter ALLEN Convenor

9 TE REO PAGE 9 SECRETARY S ANNUAL REPORT: Kia ora This report is brief. The majority of my time has been spent working with Bruce to produce Whakapapa: An introduction to Māori Family History Research. Apart from the actual writing this also involved sourcing examples of relevant documents to use as illustrations; checking websites, and postal addresses; proofreading; and working with the printers on the production process. And then there was the challenge of producing an attractive booklet at reasonable cost. We aim to recoup costs through sales. MINUTES OF THE NZSG MĀORI INTEREST GROUP ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING: 8:00am 11th June 2006 Hamilton: Note: Reports from committee members are attached to these minutes. Opening Peter Allen, Convenor, opened the meeting with a karakia. Present: Peter Allen #422, Brian Barry #16507, Brenda Joyce #13868, Daniel and Harete Phillips #1781, Christine Liava a #11163, Linda Lines #14275, Trevor Mosley #17460, Owen Ormsby #4583, Colleen Petricevich #4845, Helen Tervit #20490, Richard Williams and Lynly Yates # Apologies: Bruce Mathers #6666, Alan Tunnicliffe #245 and Heather Webber. That the apologies be accepted. Moved Lynly Yates. Seconded Colleen Petricevich. Carried. Minutes of the last meeting. These were read by the Secretary. Our website attracts members of the public so I frequently receive s asking for research advice. I liaise with Bruce Mathers and Peter Allen on the Group s business, particularly in sourcing material for Te Reo. Libraries are sent invoices for subscriptions and Te Reo is posted out to subscribing libraries and NZSG members who have provided me with stamped, self addressed. The membership now stands at 65 individuals and 13 libraries. Last, but by no means least, I should like to thank Peter as our Convenor and Bruce for his financial support of Te Reo and his professionalism as editor and webmaster. Mauriora Brenda Joyce #13868 Secretary. Executive Officer Peter NASH working the NZSG sales table he s just sold a copy of our Whakapapa: An introduction to Māori family history research! Matters arising Owen Ormsby offered to adapt the GRINZ logo for use by the Māori Interest Group. Owen and the Secretary to liaise on this project. That the minutes of the last meeting be accepted as a true and accurate record. Moved: Brenda Joyce Seconded: Lynly Yates. Carried. Convenor s Report. Peter Allen ad- (Continued on page 10)

10 PAGE 10 TE REO dressed the meeting That the Convenor s Report be accepted Moved: Colleen Petricevich Seconded: Christine Liava a Carried. Secretary s Report. Brenda Joyce addressed the meeting That the Secretary s report be accepted Moved: Christine Liava a Seconded: Harete Phillips Carried. Treasurer s Report. Copies of the financial statement were made available to the meeting..brenda Joyce spoke to the report. That the financial report be accepted Moved: Lynly Yates Seconded: Christine Liava a Carried. It was agreed that copies of Whakapapa: an introduction to Māori Family History Research be offered for sale at $10.00 per copy, including postage and handling. Webmaster and Editor s Reports. Peter Allen read these to the meeting. That the webmaster and editor s reports be accepted. Seconded: Chris- Moved: Brenda Joyce tine Liava a Carried. Election of Officers The following were re-elected unopposed: Convenor: Peter Allen Treasurer and Secretary: Brenda Joyce Webmaster and Editor: Bruce Mathers Any other business Christine Liava a urged members to select books from their local public library s rejects and to frequent second hand bookshops. Any books of genealogical value to be donated to the FRC. Research Advisors. The following people agreed to act in this capacity: Peter Allen, Lorraine Rice, Harete Phillips and Brenda Joyce. Lynly Yates spoke as convenor of NZSG 2007 Conference Committee. NZSG will be celebrating its 40 th birthday in She asked that MIG submit a brief history of the Group, to include names of past and present officers. MIG, along with other Special Interest Groups, will be given the opportunity to make a 10 minute promotional presentation at Conference. Peter Allen suggested that Conference displays be open to the public for a half day during Conference. There being no further business to discuss the meeting closed at 8.50am Signed (Convenor) TREASURER S ANNUAL REPORT: The Treasurers Annual Report is in the centre of this newsletter. BM The MIG webpage is proudly hosted by R/C Yachts brisbane, australia -

11 TE REO PAGE 11 EDITOR S & WEBMASTERS ANNUAL REPORT: Kia Ora, TE REO: It is with pleasure that I present this combined newsletter editor and webmaster report to our members. This is my sixth year as a the Maori Interest Group newsletter editor, over the past twelve months Te Reo has remained constant at 24 pages per issue with the number of issues being at approximately 45 copies every three months, including a handful printed of complimentary copies for interested groups, societies and libraries throughout New Zealand, Australia and England and extra copies to hand out to interested members at the MIG table during conference. Snap printing continue to update their copying facilities and the past two issue in particular have been especially pleasing to us with improved image and photograph reproduction. Unfortunately with updated technology comes a price and the newsletters have increased slightly, to approximately $1.16 per issue. WEBPAGE: firstly I must extend our sincere appreciation to Eduard COWELL, Eddie continues to support the group by kindly hosting our web site free of charge through his American ISP. This is a huge financial saving to the group which frees up valuable funds for other purchases to benefit our members. Despite my limited knowledge and graphic skills, the website remains extremely functional and easy to navigate nevertheless, I am always open to suggestions for improvement. Hits remain constant at around 10 per day and we have received reports that it has proven to be successful in uniting whanau researching the same tipuna. I would also like to thank Christine CLEMENT, Peter and Brenda who continue to be the corner stones of our newsletters with regular contributions and without whom my task would be near impossible. They continue to provide research information for each issue and Peter has been sending in his Convenor s reports well in advance which have allowed me to produce Te Reo without any delays which have made things a whole lot easier. Likewise, Brenda is also an asset to our group, her regular and swift contact almost daily via is not only invaluable but also irreplaceable as apart from our one and only meeting December last year, all communication is via the internet which has still enabled us to achieve a huge amount in the daily running of the group if I have forgotten to thank anyone, please forgive the oversight. Happy hunting and thank you all once again for your trust in my ability to produce your newsletter. However, I am always mindful of improvements and I am happy to also relinquish the role of Editor if any member is willing to takeover and improve the publication. Haere Ra Bruce MATHERS/Puruhi MATEA Editor Te Reo. MIG Webmaster YOUR ADDRESS? CAN ALL MEMBERS PLEASE ENSURE THAT THE SECRETARY HAS YOUR CURRENT (VALID) ADDRESS Where possible, please supply all source and/or reference details with any material submitted for inclusion in Te Reo.

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14 PAGE 14 TE REO FAMILY HISTORY WEEK OCTOBER I left Council after the June AGM. As a parting gift Council gave me the job of co-ordinating this year s Family History Week. All Branches and Interest Groups have been sent information packs and asked to celebrate FHW by promoting NZSG and family history to the public. This could be an Expo, Open Days, Research Sessions or any other form that appeals to members. Māori Interest Group would like to take this opportunity to promote whakapapa to the public. As our membership is small and spread throughout NZ I believe the most effective way would be for our members to work with their local NZSG Branch. Perhaps you could offer to have a whakapapa table at their event. There is an increasing interest and awareness of whakapapa in the community. People just need some guidance and encouragement to get started. I do hope you will be able to play a part in Family History Week. If you need materials or resources do let me know as I may be able to help. Give me time though we may even need a fourth print of our new whakapapa research book!!! Brenda Joyce Whakapapa: An introduction to Māori family history research. Bruce Mathers and Brenda Joyce A4. Soft cover with front page in full colour. 16 pages ISBN $7.00, includes p&p within NZ NZSG Māori Interest Group is the proud publisher. The booklet was launched at the Hamilton Conference in June where the first print was completely sold out thanks to Peter Nash and his team who promoted it on the NZSG sales table. Sales have been brisk since the second print, including National Library, Parliamentary Library, University of Canterbury, Porirua Public Library, Unity Books Shops and Massey University. This booklet explains how whakapapa is different and then describes the records available and how to access and interpret these. Postal and addresses are provided together with notes on helpful websites. A glossary of Māori words and their meanings together with images of many types of records are included. Available from NZSG, PO Box 8795, Symonds Street, Auckland and MIG Secretary Brenda Joyce, 17 Peterhouse Street Tawa Wellington MaoriSig@genealogy.org.nz

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16 PAGE 16 TE REO THE MĀORI KING MOVEMENT KING TAWHIAO In this issue we continue with the series on the Māori Kings which commenced in the May newsletter a Whakapapa from which the late Māori Queen also descends. TE WHEROWHERO [TAWHIAO], Matutaera Te Pukepuke Te Paue Te Karato Te-a-Potatau Tawhiao. Sometimes called Potatau II, ( ). The Second Māori King. Tawhiao was born in 1825 at Mokau, where the whole Waikato tribe had retreated after the fall of Matakitaki pa on the Waipa River. He was the eldest son of Te Wherowhero (Potatau I) and of Whakaawi. After the Ngapuhi were routed in 1827 he lived at several villages along the Waipa until his hapu settled in Central Waikato. Tawhiao never attended mission school, but he was baptised at Mangere while his father was living there in the house provided for him by Sir George Grey. He took Matutaera (Methuselah) as his baptismal name, but repudiated it in When the aged Potatau died in the winter of 1860 the movement split over the succession. One party favoured his sister Te Paea, and the other, Tawhiao. When Tamihana gave his support to the latter party the kingship passed to Tawhiao. The new king took little positive part in deciding policy, but allowed his council to make the decisions. At first the moderate party, led by Tamihana, held sway, but the extremists, under the leadership of Rewi Maniapoto, soon gained the ascendancy. When war broke out Tawhiao sensed the futility of building fortifications across the line of General Cameron's advance and urged his commanders to adopt guerilla tactics. His war parties, however, insisted on direct resistance at Koheroa, Meremere, Rangiriri, and Paterangi, and they built complicated and powerful earthworks, which they soon found could be invested or outflanked by General Cameron's forces. Had a fluid strategy been followed there is no doubt the conquest of the Waikato would have been much more difficult. Tawhiao was present at the Battle of Rangiriri, but escaped up the river, and he had retired behind the King Country border before the Siege of Orakau. From 1863 until he made peace with the Government in 1881, Tawhiao lived at Para-tui pa about 3 miles north of Te Kuiti where he succeeded in maintaining a prosperous Māori principality in a state of peace. During these years there were few official contacts between the King Maoris and the Government, and relations remained strained. On 2 February 1875 Sir Donald McLean, the Native Minister, visited (Continued on page 17)

17 TE REO PAGE 17 (Continued from page 16) Para-tui, where he offered Tawhiao a scheme which would have virtually given the Maoris home rule. Tawhiao was satisfied with the offer, but because his Ngati Maniapoto allies, Wahanui and Taonui, objected, the plan was not proceeded with. Further meetings between the King and Government were held in 1879 and 1881 and in the latter year peace was concluded. After the peace of 1881 Tawhiao paid a state visit to Auckland where he and 600 followers were féted and made much of. In 1884 he visited England with several chiefs and, while there, he put the Maoris' grievances before the Secretary of State for Colonies. On his CARING FOR MĀORI TEXTILES Kākahu, kete, piupiu and whāriki are taonga. They are fragile and once damaged cannot be restored to their original condition. They must be loved, stored and cared for correctly. If you have responsibility for or an interest in caring for Māori textiles, either in your own home, local museum or marae this cannot be taken lightly. You could be held accountable to the community or future generations of your own family for the preservation of these taonga. Causes of damage Light sunlight and artificial light Dampness, humidity Dust Insects Handling and wearing even on important occasions Creasing, folding Strain by carrying their own weight when displayed or stored Traditional black dye rendered the flax fibres fragile. This is why piupiu will break more quickly on the black parts return he refused all the honours including a seat in the Legislative Council and a pension of 1,000 a year that the New Zealand Government offered him because he felt that acceptance would prejudice his kingship and strain the loyalty of the Māori people. All his life Tawhiao steadfastly remained the independent representative of his people. He died on 26 August 1894 at Parawera (near Kihikihi) and was succeeded by his son, Mahuta Tawhiao. 'TE WHEROWHERO [TAWHIAO], Matutaera Te Pukepuke Te Paue Te Karato Te-a-Potatau Tawhiao', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 9- J u n URL: TeWherowherotawhiaoMatutaeraTePukepukeTe/en than others. They need special care. Storing Store in a cool dry place, preferably flat in an acid free box or drawer lined with acid free paper Pad under curved areas eg shoulders of cloaks and inside kete with scrunched up acid free tissue paper to support the shape. Use disposable surgical gloves (available in $2.00 shops) when handling to protect against acids in the skin damaging the fibres. If displaying make sure the strain of the weight is not carried by the item ie it is supported. Inspect every 3 months for damage and potential damage. Cleaning Use a vacuum cleaner set to the weakest suction level. Cover the nozzle with fine fabric and gently pass over the item. Above all NEVER Use sticky cellulose tape on a precious (Continued on page 18)

18 PAGE 18 TE REO (Continued from page 17) item Use metal items eg paper clips, drawing pins. They may rust. Try to repair damage. The materials used may well cause further damage. Act rather to prevent further damage and support the damaged area. Store piupiu in stockings or tights. The fragile black fibres can get snagged and break. Use water, soap or drycleaning. Use plastic for storage. This allows condensation to build up resulting in mould and fungi damage. The above is a brief summary of Caring for Māori Textiles published by Te Papa Museum, National Services, PO Box 467, Cable Street, Wellington. Cost $7.50 including postage and packing. It includes clear, detailed instructions and diagrams for a variety of safe storage and display solutions which are cheap and easy to carry out. These cannot be re-produced here due to copyright issues. Do take the time and effort to care well for the valuable, irreplaceable textile items for which you have responsibility. Trivia : LIFE IN THE 1500's Houses had thatched roofs-thick straw-piled high, with no wood underneath. It was the only place for animals to get warm, so all the cats and other small animals (mice, bugs) lived in the roof. When it rained it became slippery and sometimes the animals would slip and off the roof. Hence the saying "It's raining cats and dogs." There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house. This posed a real problem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings could mess up your nice clean bed. Hence, a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protection. That's how canopy beds came into existence. The floor was dirt. Only the wealthy had something other than dirt. Hence the saying "dirt poor." The wealthy had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter when wet, so they spread thresh (straw) on the floor to help keep their footing. As the winter wore on, they added more thresh until when you opened the door it would all start slipping outside. A piece of wood was placed in the entranceway. Hence the saying a "thresh hold." And that's the truth... Now, whoever said that History was boring!!! Anon When contacting officers of the MĀORI INTEREST GROUP You Must Always QUOTE YOUR NZSG MEMBERSHIP NUMBER

19 TE REO PAGE 19 TANGI MAORI FUNERAL PRACTICE The tangi or tangihanga embraces the funeral rites accorded a person before the body is finally interred. The Maori belief is that the tupapaku (body of the deceased person) should not be left on its own at any stage after death. Hence people will gather to take the tupapaku from the funeral practice to the marae, or place it where it will lie in the company of people until burial. Family and friends may come and go from this place as they wish, or they may remain until after the actual burial. All people, including relatives arriving for a tangi, will go through the usual karanga (the call of welcome) and mihi (greeting) procedures. The coffin is left open, and people will touch the tupapaku. Speeches will be made directly to the tupapaku in the belief that the spirit does not leave the vicinity of the body until the burial. THE MARAE The importance of the tangi being held at the marae (the traditional meeting place of Maori people) is, in part, the fulfilment of the wairua or spiritual being of the Maori the belief that those who have died are always with the marae, that the recently dead are released into the care of the long dead. It is important to Maori that the dead be brought together to be greeted, respected and farewelled. It is equally important that the living come together to support each other. By supporting each other on the marae, the living are made aware of their place in life. They are also reminded of the role of those who have died and the manner in which they are affected by their spiritual presence. Some people will remain at the tangi for a few hours; others will remain overnight or for two or three days. A marae has learned to cope with fluctuating and uncertain numbers of people. Marae are used for a variety of events, including weddings, but tangi take precedence over all other marae uses. However, it is not unknown for a wedding to take place while a tupapaku is lying on the marae. Although this may be unthinkable to the non-maori, to Maori there is nothing illogical about celebrating occasions related to the living and dying in the same place. This is a good example of Maori wairua the belief that life and death are intimately intertwined. The belief that the spirit does not leave the vicinity of the body until burial means that the spirit of the loved parent or family member is present to witness the marriage; the deceased shares spiritually in the ongoing life of the living. On this occasion, death is very much part of life. URUPA Maori establish urupa (cemeteries or burial places) in association with marae, so whanau (family) can care for the place where their own have been buried. It is usually the wish of an individual to return to their whanau urupa, as much as it is the desire of the family to bring their dead home. Older people will express the wish to be taken home. Yet, because in marriage there is a link with another area, there exists for each person at least two homes. Most urupa are situated close to the marae. In these special tapu places places of natural beauty Papatuanuku (Mother Earth) cares for the bodies of her charges. A visit to the urupa is important if one is returning home after a long absence to reinforce knowledge of personal whaka- (Continued on page 20)

20 PAGE 20 TE REO papa (genealogy). At the urupa, members of families are usually reserved places within the family rows as the family was together in life, so the family is together in death. It is important that the tapu of the area be recognised by visitors. On leaving the urupa, its tapu is removed by washing the hands in water. Many urupa have containers of water placed just outside the gate for this purpose. Other urupa can be reached only by crossing a creek. It is here that visitors or family will stop to In this issue we continue with the series of fascinating sort stories on the settlements of the Māori people in the Auckland area from the early 1800 s to the first quarter of last century as kindly submitted by the MIG Convenor BM THE AWATAHA CATHOLIC MISSION & ST MARY'S COLLEGE. PART SEVEN: wash their hands. In the absence of water, it may be that rewena (home-cooked bread) is available. In this case, the bread is crumbled and used to wash away the tapu. This action recreates the state of noa, or freedom to move among, and have contact with others. Adapted from Te Marae A Guide to Customs & Protocol by Hiwi and Pat Tauroa. Published by Reed Methuen Publishers Ltd., 39 Rawene Road, Auckland, New Zealand. ISBN First published in 1986 and reprinted in To purchase a copy of the book, contact: or your local bookseller. Continued from previous issue final. After the death of Te Hemera Tauhia in October 1891, and the sale of his lands at Puhoi in 1893, some of his Hauraki followers were allowed by the Church to reside at Awataha. This was a time of great distress for Hauraki generally. Between 1885 and 1912 they lost 235,000 acres of land, and the remaining 171,000 acres suffered from poor soil, mountainous terrain or was flood prone. In 1903 Aterea Petera and 80 others pressed for more and petitioned the government complaining "that the trusts in connection with certain lands in the Waitemata Parish, Auckland, vested in the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, are not being carried out, and they pray for investigation with a view to having the land used for the benefit of the Maoris (sic)" (10). This impressed the Native Affairs Committee sufficiently to recommend a further enquiry in In 1908, it was claimed that Maori were living in that area now known as The Warehouse Way, and farming on the area from the current corner of Lake Road and Tonar Street, up Tonar and along College Road. In 1911 there were 69 men, women and children living in the area (11). Some were important kaumatua and kuia, mainly Hauraki, who were buried in the Awataha urupa at least until the early (Continued on page 21)

21 TE REO PAGE 21 (Continued from page 20) 1920's. This included Noka Hukanui and his wife Waiti Noka (12). By September 1914 two separate groups had emerged. In that month Nanaoka (Noka) Tukamui and Patariki Wiripo Mo Paki made a joint plea for assistance to Bishop Cleary. Cleary, however, was engaged in promoting Empowering Bills in Parliament allowing the Church to properly lease, and from 1924 sell Catholic land. He regarded this as the only way the purposes of the original grant could be fulfilled. On 31 March 1916 a lessor of Catholic land, Harry Hopper Adams, charged Rawiri Pahuta and Wirepa Heteraka with trespass. Maori claimed Awataha was an ancestral site, and that the Mahurangi Purchase hadn't specifically included Awataha. They also claimed a moral title to the land as long-term residents. Maori had earlier paid rent for the land. In 1919 and 1920 negotiations continued, with offers to the separate groups of life tenancies elsewhere on the Catholic endowment. An ejection notice in late 1919 was held over to allow Maori to harvest their strawberry crop, but in October 1920 "shanties were torn down" and those remaining reverted to "tents" (13). In that same year a second petition to Parliament was made by Eruera Patariki (also known as Patrick and a son of Paki) and others concerning the main urupa site on the point at Awataha. There eventually was an agreement dated 14 March 1921, but not carried out until around September 1921, when Noka's group of over twenty people left the lagoon area, for a lifetime lease of just over nine acres between Ocean View and Raleigh Roads. Noka's relatives, the Ngahuripoke family (Anglicised to Peters), lived there until the 1950's. From 7 April 1924, another group of Maori, the Patricks but without the mother, were given a lifetime lease of 1.75 acres of Catholic land at Barrys Point, just down from the current Foodtown supermarket on the eastern side. Chinese strawberry growers were moved off the site and money made available for housing the Patricks. What remained of Paki's group stayed at Awataha on the "point of land where the old cemetery is located" (14). Eruera Patrick had already agreed that remains in a smaller cemetery, containing influenza victims, be reburied in that larger cemetery. Part of his agreement was that the urupa be "cut off and reserved" (15). From late 1924 there were successive threats of legal injunctions to force the remaining group to leave the area. In 1925 Wiha Rawiri Puhuta and 76 others repeated their claim, in a third parliamentary petition, that "the land they now occupy known as Awataha in Takapuna, Auckland, was never included in the sale to the Crown of the Mahurangi Block, and therefore the Crown Grant issued to the Roman Catholic Bishop in 1850 was invalid" (16). Parliament recommended no action, and passed a further enabling Act to assist the Catholic Church to sell some of the land. The lease income was insufficient and land sales were deemed necessary to finance St Peter's College or Hato Petera, which opened in The end of the "trespassing" was between July and September On 23 March 1925 eight people had been arrested. Paki personally agreed in July not to further "trespass", and left for Thames. In early September Takapuna Police executed an eviction order, and remaining shacks were pulled down. Tents were erected as before, but on 30 September an interim injunction forced a final agreement to depart. One of the removed, Manea Parata, made a claim to the government for hardship, but was instead offered government employment. Waipaia Makateau was still pursuing the matter with politicians into the 1930's. By the time of the 1926 Census there (Continued on page 22)

22 PAGE 22 TE REO (Continued from page 21) were 16 Maori living in the whole of Northcote Borough, in 4 households. While 6 were Catholic, 10 were Anglican. In adjoining Takapuna Borough 31 Maori lived in 6 separate households. Again there was a wide denominational variety, with near equal numbers of Anglicans, Catholics, Ratana, Ringatu and Mormons. Elsewhere on the North Shore, Birkenhead Borough had just 4 Maori in 1 household, while populous Devonport Borough had 27 Maori in 5 households. Awataha remained empty until 1942 when the remains in the urupa were disinterred to make way for a fuel oil storage depot for the United States Navy. Both Ngati Paoa and Tainui, but possibly not Te Arawa, were asked to remove their graves in secret because of wartime considerations. Some may have been reinterred in the Pompallier cemetery. Hone Tuwhare describes the removal of one grave in his "Burial" (17). The site was then significantly altered with 200,000 cubic yards excavated, and 60 feet diameter concrete foundations laid for 25 fuel oil tanks. Further construction was cancelled in early From the late 1950's part of the site was taken for northern exit lanes from the Auckland Harbour Bridge, and still later the remainder became residential housing, commercial development and educational facilities. There is now the Awataha marae at the Auckland University of Technology North Shore campus. PA7 Handwritten transcript by Peter ALLEN Hamilton, WKT, NZ. ONEWA.htm Selected Bibliography GRAHAM, George Samuel History of Kauri Point 1910 GRAHAM, George Samuel History of Orewa (Northcote Point) 1908 Hauraki Maori Land Trust Board Hauraki Treaty Claims Vol (1997) The Mercy Sisters & St Joseph s Takapuna MEMBERS SURNAMES/WHAKAPAPA INTERESTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF MEMBERS SURNAME, For further information on any name below, please contact the MIG member directly. All information is as submitted by members these are the most recent additions and/or updates on the webpage. Mr. Garry BOWDEN, 6 Munich Place, Christchurch, CBY, New Zealand. gaztech@free.net.nz Web Page: RESEARCH NAMES M/F TRIBE/IWI TOWN/PROV PERIOD Maata Te Naihi TE WAI F Te Ati Awa MBH INFORMATION OFFERED EASTERN MAORI ELECTORAL ROLL 1908 TE ARAWA TRIBE MEMBERS LIVING IN THE EASTERN MAORI ELECTORATE INCLUDING TE PUKE AND DISTRICT. Due to space constraints in this issue due to our tribute to the late Māori Queen, The Eastern Māori Electoral Roll information with recommence in the next newsletter. Our tribute to Dame Te Atairangikaahu is in colour on the website, those members with internet access may like to check it our Where possible, please supply all source and/or reference details with any material submitted for inclusion in Te Reo.

23 TE REO PAGE 23 MIG OBJECTIVES DISCLAIMER 1/. To assist others researching Māori Whakapapa by way of sharing our knowledge of areas of research. 2/. To compile a list of repositories, books etc that will assist with Māori research. 3/. To acquire books purchased through the Māori Interest Group and from donations [and group badge proceeds] for all [NZ] members to use. 4/. It is noted we will not be researching for others but offering assistance to give others a channel of research that may help them. We have a research officer who will offer assistance in an advisory capacity. MIG Services: Quarterly Newsletters; February, May, August & November. Published Newsletter Queries. Brief Research Queries Answered. Members Surname/Whakapapa Interest List. MIG Subscription: As from the 1 st November 2001 Membership of the New Zealand Society of Genealogist Māori Interest Group is free to all Financial Members of the New Zealand Society of Genealogists. Those NZSG Members wishing to receive hardcopies of the MIG newsletter Te Reo must supply the MIG Secretary with four (4) A5 envelopes with a.90 stamp on each envelope. MIG Meetings: Usually in conjunction with the NZSG Annual Conference This is usually the MIG Annual General Meeting. BM expressed. The Editor and Webmaster welcome contributions for publication, but reserve the right to edit as necessary. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the Society, MIG, Editor, Webmaster and/or the Committee, and we therefore do not accept any responsibility for information or opinions All information is provided in good faith as a general reference source only and which is given for Genealogical purposes as possible finding aids. The Society, MIG and their executives cannot vouch for the accuracy of any reference material. The Māori Interest Group occasionally provides Maps as a general reference source only and the researcher should undertake more in-depth research, once the broad proximity of the Iwi has been identified. When corresponding with officers of the MIG always quote your NZSG Membership Number and include a LARGE Stamped Self-Addressed Envelope [SSAE] with your letter if a reply is anticipated. E.&O.E. BM N.B. I am very reluctant to publish member s addresses only in Te Reo I don t think that this is being fair to those members without access to the Internet and it is also limiting your own chances of receiving a reply to only those members with the Internet. BM MAORI INTEREST GROUP BADGES Group Badges can be purchased from the MIG Secretary for NZ$5.50 each including postage. Please make all cheques/money orders payable to the; NZSG Maori Interest Group Colour : Black on Silver. Please send orders to: NZSG Maori Interest Group Secretary PO Box 8795 Symonds Street Auckland, AKD 1035 NZ The current MIG Executive term began on the 5th June 2006 at the NZSG AGM Hamilton & will end at the 2007 NZSG AGM. The MIG formed in 1993 and the NZSG ratified the MIG at the Christchurch Council Meeting on Saturday the 3 rd December 1994

24 TE REO - The Voice [of the NZSG MIG] Reference source: The Reed Pocket Dictionary of Modern Maori. P.M. Ryan Proudly Sponsored by Bruce since 2001 Printed in Australia NZSG MIG 2006 BRM 21