David A. Madsen. Faculty Emeritus

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1 i Q eometric ' ' Dimensioning andtolerancing Ninth Edition Based on ASME Y AWk A ejacy ofjejtccftence APPROVED PUBLICATION by David A. Madsen President, Madsen Designs Inc. Faculty Emeritus Former Department Chairperson Drafting Technology Autodesk Premier Training Center Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, Oregon Autodesk Learning Member Director Emeritus, American Design Drafting Association David P. Madsen President, Engineering Drafting & Design, Inc. Vice President, Madsen Designs Inc. Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Autodesk Developer Consultant and Educator Network Member SolidWorks Research Associate American Design Drafting Association Member Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois

2 Chapter 1 Dimensioning and Tolerancing 13 Dimensioning Units 14 Fundamental Dimensioning Rules 16 Definitions Related to Tolerancing 18 Tolerancing Fundamentals 21 Single Limits 24 Maximum Material Condition (MMC) 24 Least Material Condition (LMC) 25 Extreme Form Variation 27 Basic Fits of Mating Parts 28 Clearance Fit 29 Allowance 29 Clearance 30 Force Fit 30 Chain Dimensioning 31 Baseline Dimensioning 31 Direct Dimensioning 32 Alternate Dimensioning Practices 32 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for CADD/CAM 37 Chapter 2 Introduction to Symbols and Terms 51 Dimensioning Symbols 52 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Templates 54 Datum Feature Symbols 55 Datum Target Symbols 56 Geometric Characteristic Symbols 58 Material Condition and Material Boundary Symbols 58 Feature Control Frame 59 Basic Dimensions 61 Additional Symbols 62 8

3 Chapter 3 Datums 77 Datums 78 Datum Feature Symbol 78 Datum Feature 79 The Datum Reference Frame Concept 82 Datum Target Symbols 88 Partial Datum Surface 99 Coplanar Surface Datums 99 Datum Axis 102 Movable Datum Target Symbols and Datum Target Points 108 Movable Datum Target Symbols and Datum Target Spheres 109 Datum Center Plane The Center of a Pattern of Features as the Datum Axis 113 Applying a Translation Modifier to a Datum Reference 114 Using a Contoured Surface as a Datum Feature 116 Chapter 4 Material Condition and Material Boundary 133 Features of Size 135 Conventional Tolerance 138 Limits of Size 138 Perfect Form Boundary 140 Regardless of Feature Size (RFS) and Regardless of Material Boundary (RMB) 141 Maximum Material Condition (MMC) 144 Least Material Condition (LMC) 147 Primary Datum Feature, RMB 151 Secondary and Tertiary Datum Feature, RMB 153 Datum Precedence and Material Condition 154 Placing the MMB value in the Feature Control Frame 157 Material Condition Analysis and Applications 158 Material Boundary Calculation Examples 159 Chapter 5 Form Tolerances 177 Straightness Tolerance 178 Flatness Tolerance 185 Circularity Tolerance 189 Free State Variation 190 Cylindricity Applying Tolerance 194 Form Control to a Datum Feature 195 Ill

4 Chapter 6 Orientation Tolerances 201 Orientation Tolerances 202 Parallelism Tolerance 202 Perpendicularity Tolerance 210 Combination of Parallelism and Perpendicularity Tolerances 219 Angularity Tolerance 220 Application of Orientation Tolerances at RFS, MMC, and Zero Tolerance at MMC 223 Chapter 7 Location Tolerances (Part I) 231 Positional Tolerance 232 Locating Multiple Features 244 Positional Tolerancing of Coaxial Features 255 Positional Tolerancing of Nonparallel Holes 261 Locating Slotted Features 262 Positional Tolerancing of Spherical Features 266 Chapter 8 Location Tolerances (Part II) and Virtual Condition 281 Fasteners 282 Projected Tolerance Zone 292 Virtual Condition 295 Concentricity Tolerance 300 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxiality 301 Symmetry 304 Chapter 9 Profile Tolerances 315 Profile Tolerances 315 Non-Uniform Profile Tolerance Zone 327 Specifying Basic Dimensions in a Note 335 Combination of Geometric Tolerances 335 Chapter 10 Runout Tolerances 343 Runout Tolerances 343 Combination of Geometric Tolerances 351 Specifying Independency 352

5 Final Exam 359 Drafting Problems 387 Prints for Print Reading Exercises 431 SLEEVE-DEWAR REIMAGING print from FLIR Systems, Inc 433 BRACKET print from Safety Marine 434 HUB-STATIONARY, ATU print from FLIR Systems, Inc 435 PEDAL-ACCELERATOR print from Hyster Company 436 MOUNTING PLATE (UPPER)-FRAME ASSY 3 AXIS HP print from FLIR Systems, Inc 437 HYDRAULIC VALVE print from DIAL Industries 438 COVER, CAGE-INNER AZ DRIVE print from FLIR Systems, Inc 439 DOUBLE V-BLOCK print from Britt Technologies 440 PLATE-TOP MOUNTING print from FLIR Systems, Inc 441 B.H.-TOP print from Bell Manufacturing 442 HOUSING-LENS, FOCUS print from FLIR Systems, PLATE-BOTTOM WEDGED, ADJUSTABLE PARALLEL (HP) print from FLIR Systems, BRACKET ASSY-EL GIMBAL print from FLIR Systems, FEMORAL A-P SAW GUIDE STD. Inc 443 Inc 444 Inc 445 print from Wright Medical Technology 446 FEMORAL BEVEL CUTTER print from Wright Medical Technology 447 CEMENT RESTRICTOR print from Wright Medical Technology 448 SAW GUIDE FIXATION BLOCK print from Wright Medical Technology 449 STANDARD REAMER GUIDE print from Wright Medical Technology 450 Appendices Appendix A Applying GD&T with CADD 451 Al Using GD&T Tools in AutoCAD 453 A2 Using GD&T Tools in Inventor 467 A3 Using GD&T Tools in SolidWorks 471 Appendix B Symbol Specifications 479 Bl Dimensioning Symbols 479 B2 Datum Feature and Datum Target Symbols 480 B3 Material Condition and Material Boundary Symbols 481 B4 Feature Control Frame 482 B5 Geometric Characteristic Symbols 483 B6 Geometric Tolerancing Symbols

6 Appendix C Reference Material 485 CI Decimal Equivalents and Tap C2 Decimal, Fractional, Letter, C3 Tap Drill Sizes 486 Wire Gage, and Millimeter Equivalents 487 Drill Sizes 489 C4 Metric Tap Drill Sizes 490 C5 Area, Temperature, Weight, and Volume Equivalents 491 C6 Length and Square Area Conversions 492 C7 Natural Trigonometric Functions 493 C8 Standard Gage Sheet Steel 495 C9 Triangle Solutions 496 CIO Metric Coordinate to Positional Tolerance Conversion 497 Cll Inch Coordinate to Positional Tolerance Conversion 498 C12 Positional Tolerance Zone Analysis 499 C13 Geometric Tolerances Quick Reference 500 Glossary 501 Index

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (Known as GDT) What is GDT Helps ensure interchangeability of parts. Use is dictated by function and relationship of the part feature. It does not take the place