RIICCM203D Read and Interpret Plans and Specifications

Transcription

1 RIICCM203D Read and Interpret Plans and Specifications Reference Material

2 Table of Contents 1. Contents READ AND INTERPRET PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS 1. General Obligations Legislation and Site Policies Comply with Legislation and Site Procedures Meet Quality Requirements Comply with Standards Roles and Responsibilities Work Planning Procedure Attend Work Briefings Obtain Applicable Data Interpret Information Plan Work Work with Others Team Member Coordination Safety Standard Operating Procedures Site Safety Plan Workplace Inspections Identifying Hazards Job Safety Analysis Communication on Site Verbal Communication Two-way Radio Telephone Systems Written Communication Signals Signage Reports Environmental and Heritage Compliance Plans, Drawings and Specifications Architectural Drawings Mechanical Drawings Electrical Drawings...13 January, 2012 J/N 9326G Page iii

3 Read and Interpret Plans and Specifications 8.4 Service and Process Drawings Civil Engineering Drawings Environmental Drawings Drawing Perspectives Site Plans Object Plan View Elevations Section Drawings Drawing Packages and Specifications Job Specifications Quality Control Environmental Planning Title Blocks Drawing Name Block Drawn By Block Design and Project Manager Block Scale Block Revision Block Symbols and Abbreviations Legends Notes General Notes Technical Notes Drawing Features and Elements Paper Size Scale Scale Conversion Orientation Dimensions Contours Accessing the Work Site Orient the Site Plan Identify the Key Features at the Construction Site Verify the Plans and Drawings Identify Services and Providers Service Codes Identifying Services...33 Page iv J/N 9326G January, 2012

4 Table of Contents Dial Before You Dig Secondary Sources of Information Site Service Plan Service Pegs and Markers Road and Drainage Construction Plans Site Plan Site Profile Construction Plans General Notes Road Furniture Notes Construction Plan Schedule Construction Plan Legend Control Lines Longitudinal Sections Earthworks Grade Levels Surface Levels Chainage Drainage Layout Plan Drainage Legend Drainage Plan Contour Levels Drainage Plan Notes Roadway Cross Sections Dimensions Cross Fall Notes Roadway Cut Details Roadway Fill Details Drainage Cross Sections Batter Gradients Kerb Types and Drainage Dimensions Drainage Cross Falls Detailed Cross Sections of Drainage Features Drainage Invert Levels Sectional Views of Culverts Notes Pavement Plans...51 January, 2012 J/N 9326G Page v

5 Read and Interpret Plans and Specifications Note Boxes Pavement Plan Legend Pavement Cross Section Drawings Dimensions Pavement Cross Fall Pavement Thickness and Construction Materials Notes Pavement Specifications Edge Sections Dimensions Edge Cross Fall Shoulder Thickness and Materials Detailed Drainage Plans and Cross Sections Gully Pit Plan Pit Sections Calculation of Areas and Volumes Road Signs and Pavement Markings Road Signs Pavement Markings Work Report Summary...60 Terms and Acronyms...61 Supporting Document Register...63 Page vi J/N 9326G January, 2012

6 Authorised Use of and Permissions for this Resource Pertrain Pty Ltd grants the licensee of this Pertrain material, permission to use the resource for purchaser in-house purposes only. The Intellectual Property in, and copyright of, text and graphics provided by Pertrain for the development of this resource remains vested in Pertrain. Pertrain does not grant the purchaser the right to deconstruct these resources or parts thereof to develop other training resources. Pertrain does not grant the purchaser the right to sell work produced by Pertrain to a third party or to allow a third party to use any component of Pertrain s work for the third party s own benefit. This training resources or parts thereof must not be distributed, either electronically or in hard copy, outside of the purchaser s organisation without the written permission of Pertrain Pty Ltd. Permission can be sought by contacting info@pertrain.com.au. Disclaimer This resource has been developed after extensive consultation with industry partners. It is a collaborative view and does not necessarily represent the view of any specific body. For the sake of being concise, it may omit factors that could be pertinent in particular cases. This product is meant for educational purposes only and is not a substitute or replacement for the workplace's existing policy and procedures. While care has been taken in the preparation of this resource, Pertrain Pty Ltd does not warrant that any licensing or registration requirements specified here are either complete or up-to-date for your State or Territory. Pertrain Pty Ltd does not accept liability for any damage or loss (including indirect and consequential loss) incurred by any person as a result of relying on the information contained in this resource. Pertrain Pty Ltd, does not accept any liability to any person for the information or advice (or the use of such information or advice) which is provided in this resource or incorporated into it by reference. The information is provided on the basis that all persons (responsible RTO, trainers and assessors) accessing this material accept responsibility for assessing the relevance and accuracy of its content. No liability is accepted for any information or services which may appear in any other format. No responsibility is taken for any information or services which may appear on any linked websites.

7 READ AND INTERPRET PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Introduction This training resource contains an overview of the various types of drawings and plans, their essential elements, components and drawing quality control measures. It also covers reading and interpreting the various types of construction plans and drawings used on the work sites. Plans and drawings contain design features and methods that are used to plan and carry out civil construction projects. Information on the drawings is accompanied by specifications that provide detailed technical information and quality control measures. Correct reading and interpretation of drawings is an important skill that must be developed to ensure that the construction program is carried out as planned. On completion of this training you will be able to: read and interpret plans identify the main types of drawings and plans recognise amendments identify common symbols and abbreviations locate and identify key features of a site plan read and interpret job specifications. NOTE This training resource is a guide only. Always follow site standard operating procedures when performing work. July, 2015 J/N G Page 1

8 1. General Obligations You are obliged to act responsibly and perform work safely. You are also expected to take reasonable care to protect the health and safety of yourself and others by: reporting to a supervisor or safety representative any unsafe conditions, activities, dangerous occurrences or injuries using correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) using your work site's lock and tag system (if applicable) reporting damaged or defective equipment for repair not attempting any task unless you are qualified, authorised, competent and confident to perform the task safely. HERE S TO A SAFE DAY S WORK! 2. Legislation and Site Policies You must access and understand government legislation and site guidelines to perform your work within the regulations. Compliance documentation may include: legislative acts and regulations employment and workplace health and safety procedures organisational and site requirements and procedures manufacturer guidelines and specifications national standards codes of practice. 2.1 Comply with Legislation and Site Procedures During your general and site specific inductions you would have been familiarised with organisational and site policies and procedures. These have been developed in accordance with legislation and are designed to ensure that work is undertaken safely. Gather and read all relevant documents and procedures for the task that you are doing. Ensure that you understand the documents and how they apply to your work. The general hierarchy of statutory and organisational compliance documentation is shown in the following table. Page 2 J/N G July, 2015

9 8.6 Environmental Drawings Construction projects must include an authorised environmental plan that indicates the remedial measures used to minimise the impact of environmental damage during construction, and the rehabilitation or beautification methods that will be part of the final construction phase. They are often submitted to government agencies as part of a wider environmental study during construction permit application. Remedial measures such as silt barriers, drainage construction and vegetation planting prevent excessive environmental damage such as erosion at road margins, topsoil loss, and pollution of waterways. Environmental drawings typically indicate the location of trees, grass and other vegetation along embankments, in drainage areas and on road corridors. Road Way Outfall from paved area Vegetative treatment system Landscape Planting Landscaped Lagoon Discharge to recieving water To recieving watercourse Rip-rap Access Road Outlet control structure Environmental Plan 9. Drawing Perspectives Buildings, bridges, drainage installations and other construction features can be viewed from plane view, sectional and three dimensional perspectives. The perspective used for a drawing depends on how it will be utilised. Site plans, for example, are plane view drawings used to show the overall scope of a construction project. If the details of an object need to be viewed from several directions, elevation drawings are used. Internal views are drawn on sectional diagrams. Page 14 J/N G July, 2015

10 9.1 Site Plans Site plans show a whole or large part of a project site from an overhead or bird s eye viewpoint. Site plans generally include the major components of a project, such as road networks, bridges, shire boundaries, and streams. N North Motorway Entrance Road Western Service Road Creek Construction Site Plan 9.2 Object Plan View Object plan views provide a layout view from above for a construction feature such as a building or roundabout. They are commonly used to indicate construction dimensions and fine details of construction objects, as shown in the example below. Flow Building Plan Construction Grating Feature Object Plan Views July, 2015 J/N G Page 15

11 9.3 Elevations Elevations are used to indicate the features of an object from one or several directions. They are useful in showing the variations in a building or other large structure as seen from several viewpoints, and may also incorporate a plan view. North South Elevation East Elevation Plan North Elevation West Elevation Building Elevations Page 16 J/N G July, 2015

12 The following elevation diagrams show a bridge using south, east and top elevations. North South Elevation East Elevation Plan View Bridge Elevations July, 2015 J/N G Page 17

13 Proper drainage in construction projects is essential to protect roads, buildings and other construction features from flooding, temperature extremes and other environmental problems. In the feasibility stage of a construction project, engineers, geologists and other experts identify locations where drainage controls must be emplaced. They also look at historic climate information to ensure that drainage facilities will be capable of handling average and exceptional rainfalls. Environmental control measures and specifications in the site Environmental Management Plan are applied during all stages of the construction program. The handling methods and disposal of hazardous substances such as fuels and solvents are included in Safety Data Sheets (SDS) available for reference on site. Environmental hazards are controlled during construction by temporary measures such as sedimentation fences and wood buttresses. Permanent solutions include planting programs, construction of support structures and installation of culverts, headwalls and swales. SAFETY DATA SHEET Road Pipes being installed Fall Direction Stockpile of material Embankment Silt Fence to catch sediment Silt Fence Creek Silt Fences Page 22 J/N G July, 2015

14 17.6 Drainage Layout Plan Drainage layout plans indicate drainage requirements for a large part of the road construction site. Details on a drainage layout plan include: drainage structures environmental control features legend contour levels roads and buildings notes. G3 B10 G2 B10 B10 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 MR2 B12 Out B12 G3 B12 B15d B12 B15d G2 B12 DS4 GRADE FROM EXISTING DRAIN AT 0.5% MINIMUM TO DOWNSTREAM DRAIN USING GRASS SWALE TYPE 1 GRADE LEVEL No.6 RL GRADE TABLE DRAINS EVENLY TO EXISTING DRAINS GRADE CLASS 3 Ø375 RCP ACCESS CROSSING WITH TYPE 1 HEADWALLS IL U/S IL D/S LENGTH 3.66m Drainage Layout Plan July, 2015 J/N G Page 41

15 Drainage Legend Symbols and abbreviations on the drainage plan are referred to in a drainage legend. The legend provides technical information corresponding to the symbols that would be difficult to include on the drawing due to lack of space. The legend in this example refers to the symbols used on the layout plan. 5A Out A5 MH1 A5 A5 TYPE 2 MAJOR CROSS DRAINAGE HEADWALL MANHOLE GULLY PIT SEDIMENTATION BASIN GRASS SWALE TYPE 2 CATCH DRAIN TYPE 2 OPEN CHANNEL CONCRETE LINED MEDIAN DRAIN ROCK CHECK DAM 0.5% GRADE SURFACE EVENLY IN DIRECTION OF ARROW AT GRADE INDICATED TAKE UP OR DEMOLISH EXISTING DRAINAGE CULVERTS AND/OR STRUCTURE. REMOVE FROM OR STORE ON SITE AS DIRECTED BY SUPERINTENDENT. EARLY WORKS CONTRACT Legend Drainage Plan Contour Levels Contour levels indicate the topography of the ground surface. Topographical information is used to locate environmental and drainage controls such as culverts, barriers and other features in the road construction area. B B15 B14 In the following example, the contour lines are close together, indicating a steep stream drainage feature (1). The motorway (2) is to be constructed over the stream, and a headwall is required to provide and erosion barrier to prevent collapse of material into the drainage. MR2 B12 DS4 Out B12 G3 B12 B15d B12 GRADE FROM EXISTINI AT 0.5% MINIMUM TO DOWNSTREAM DRAIN GRASS SWALE TYPE 1 GRADE LEVEL No.6 RL Contour Drawing Page 42 J/N G July, 2015

16 Drainage Plan Notes Additional construction details are included in notes on the drainage layout plan. In the example below, notes regarding drain grades are attached to the plan in several places (1). The notes give details on relative elevation levels (RL) and the type of vegetation to be planted in the drainage area (grass). 1 DS4 GRADE FROM EXISTING DRAIN AT 0.5% MINIMUM TO DOWNSTREAM DRAIN USING GRASS SWALE TYPE 1 GRADE LEVEL No.6 RL GRADE TABLE DRAINS EVENLY TO EXISTING DRAINS GRADE CLASS 3 Ø375 RCP ACCESS CROSSING WITH TYPE 1 HEADWALLS IL U/S IL D/S LENGTH 3.66m Drainage Notes 17.7 Roadway Cross Sections Roadway cross sections are drawn along control lines at specified chainage points to show road construction details. Cross sections are referenced back to a plan, which in this example refers to control lines MNB1 to MNB CONTROL LINE MNB1 PEGGED BASELINE NORTH MOTORWAY CONTROL LINE MNB2 CONTROL LINE MHAS Roadway Plan Control Lines July, 2015 J/N G Page 43

17 The cross section shown below is projected along control line CH to CH on profile MNB1 and CH to CH on control line MNB2. SHOULDER 3000 FUTURE FIFTH LANE 3500 CONTROL LINE MNB1 CROSS SECTION MSB1 CROSS SECTION MSB2 CONTROL LINE MNB2 FUTURE FIFTH SHOULDER LANE EDGE OF MOTORWAY SHOULDER TOPSOIL & GRASSED % ASPHALT SURFACE SHOULDER TRAFFIC LANES ASPHALT SURFACE SHOULDER % 2% 5% 7.20 ASPHALT SURFACE SHOULDER % % 0.05 TRAFFIC LANES % 3.50 ASPHALT SURFACE SHOULDER TOPSOIL & GRASSED 3% 3.50 EDGE OF MOTORWAY SHOULDER CONCRETE V DRAIN PAVEMENT AS SPECIFIED REFER PAVEMENT DRGS MEDIAN DRAIN REFER DRAINAGE LAYOUT DRGS MOTORWAY 4 LANES WITH SHOULDER TREATMENTS FOR FUTURE 5 LANING ZONES PAVEMENT AS SPECIFIED REFER PAVEMENT DRGS CONCRETE V DRAIN Roadway Cross-Section From MNB1 to MNB2 Cross section details generally include: dimensions cross fall notes Dimensions Road construction dimensions are indicated for: traffic lanes shoulders asphalt surfaces future lanes. In the example, the width of the future fifth lane is 3500 mm (1), and the shoulder 3000 mm (2). CONTROL LINE MNB TRAFFIC LANES 2% ASPHALT SURFACE SHOULDER 1 2 FUTURE FIFTH SHOULDER LANE TOPSOIL & GRASSED 3% 3.50 EDGE OF MOTORWAY SHOULDER NOTES PAVEMENT AS SPECIFIED REFER PAVEMENT DRGS Surface treatment - southbound CH to concrete CH to asphalt CONCRETE V DRAIN Road Dimensions Page 44 J/N G July, 2015

18 17.16 Road Signs and Pavement Markings Road signs and pavement markings are used to direct traffic and ensure driver safety. Signs and markings are carefully designed for maximum impact without being distracting. Each sign has a specification code indicating the colour, size, lettering and shape. Road markings are identified on the drawing by an abbreviation, which is linked to a specification Road Signs Road signs are either drawn directly on a plan, or referred to as a number linked to a legend. A sign specification code is included with the sign graphic or in the legend. The two methods of indicating signs are shown on the sample roadway plan. 53 EXIT GE2-3 7 END OF MOTORWAY GE6-11B (MODIFIED) SL EL OL EL LL 42 HL HL HL GE7-8 1km GE7-9 Sign and Pavement Marking Plan Graphic Method The sign graphic boxes on the plan are interpreted as follows: Symbol 53 is an Exit sign, with specification code GE2-3. Symbol 42 is a telephone symbol sign, with specification code GE7-8. A 1 km sign, with specification code GE7-9 is to be installed under the telephone sign at the same location. Symbol 7 is an End Of Motorway sign, with specification code GE6-11B (modified). Legend Method Numbers attached to leader lines on the plan are keyed to a legend, which includes the sign graphic and specification code. D4-1-1B(L) KEEP LEFT FORM 1 LANE D4-2-1 R2-3B(L) G9-15C July, 2015 J/N G Page 59

19 Terms and Acronyms The following are terms commonly used on some sites. Space is provided over the page for you to add terms and acronyms common to your site. Term Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Meaning A risk management process that focuses on job tasks to identify potential hazards, assess risks and determine suitable controls to manage risks. A JSA: must be completed before a high risk task commences is a written record that could be used in a court of law if a serious incident occurs in the workplace must be signed off by all parties who have responsibility for the work to be performed under the JSA. Also called a Job Step Analysis (JSA), Job Safety and Environment Analysis (JSEA) or Job Hazard Analysis (JHA). Permits Site Procedures Permits are required for certain jobs that have high risk potential. Some permits used on work sites include Hot Work Permit, Permit to Dig/ Penetrate, Confined Space and Work at Heights Permits. Site procedures are documented ways of working to achieve an acceptable level of risk. A procedure can be a Standard Work Procedure (SWP), Safe Work Instruction (SWI) or Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Procedures are a legal requirement and outline the workplace method and processes for carrying out tasks safely and in an environmentally sustainable way. Procedures are developed after consultation with workers and are monitored and amended as required. Procedures contain detailed information such as: a description of the task a list of tools and equipment required information on identified hazards associated with the task risk controls, including training requirements sequential steps to perform the task safely and efficiently references to applicable workplace health and safety acts, regulations and policies. Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) A SWMS documents a process for identifying and controlling health and safety hazards and risks. A SWMS must be prepared for all high-risk activities and contains detailed information such as: the type of high risk work to be performed associated hazards and risks risk management controls to be put in place how the risk controls will be implemented, monitored and reviewed. July, 2015 J/N G Page 61

20 Supporting Document Register Use this register to note the location of important supporting documentation such as your site operating and safety procedures, work instructions, relevant standards, equipment manuals and safety alerts/bulletins. Document Name Document Description Location/How to Access Document July, 2015 J/N G Page 63

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