THE MAKING OF SOLID SOAP FROM BENTONITE SOIL FOR CLEANING UNCLEAN MUGHALLAZAH

Transcription

1 THE MAKING OF SOLID SOAP FROM BENTONITE SOIL FOR CLEANING UNCLEAN MUGHALLAZAH Dr. Muhammad Yanis Musdja, M.Sc Chairman of Indonesian Halal Products Foundation Vice Chairman Moslem Intelectual Associatio Jakarta Head (Former) of Pharmacy Study Program Islamic State University, Jakarta Dean (Former) Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah, Indonesia

2 THE MAKING OF SOLID SOAP FROM BENTONITE SOIL FOR CLEANING UNCLEAN MUGHALLAZAH BACKGROUNDS : Islamic teachings obligate to wash unclean of mughalladzah (unclean that originates from pig and dog saliva) with water as much as 7 times and with soil one time. Soap of soil bentonite is an alternative to cleanse the unclean mughalladzah. OBJECTIVE: Make a soap solid from the soil bentonite to wash Unclean of mughalladzah. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Soap is made from a mixture of materials containing: Bentonite, Sodium hydroxide, glycerin, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, butylated hidroxytoluene, coconut oil, triclosan, ethanol 96%, perfume of tea tree oil, distilled water. The manufacture of soap formulas was done by variation of acid stearate (6%, 7%, 8% and 9%) and sodium lauryl sulfate (3%, 4% and 5%), then performed organoleptic examination and measurement of ph, height and foam stability, hardness and the quality requirements for the soap. RESULTS : From the results of this study, the concentration of 9% stearate acid and sodium lauryl sulfate 5% is the best formula to be used as soap. Discussion and Conclusions : the higher concentration of stearic acid, produces the harder solid soap bentonite, while the optimal concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate obtained at the concentration of 5%

3 Backgrounds Islamic teachings obligate to wash unclean of mughalladzah (unclean that originates from pig and dog saliva) with soil one time and with water 7 times. Soap of soil bentonite is an alternative to cleanse the unclean mughalladzah Innovation soil soap for ease of performing ablution Cleanse unclean by Soil Halal Components Bentonite solid soap (HALAL) as a cleanser unclean mughalladzah Najis mughalladzah Halal assurance system

4 The collection of materials The manufacture four solid soap formula bentonite (stearic acid concentration variations) Organoleptic evaluation, ph and hardness soap Formula solid soap bentonite (stearic acid selected) Evaluation of the quality of the soap according to SNI Formula solid soap bentonite elected Evaluation of ph, high foam, foam stability and hardness The manufacture three solid soap formula bentonite (various concentrations NLS)

5 FORMULATION OF BENTONITE SOLID SOAP WITH VARIATION OF STEARIC ACID \ INGREDIENTS CONCENTRATION F1 F2 F3 F4 Coconut oil 17% 17% 17% 17% NaOH 30% 15% 15% 15% 15% Stearic Acid 6% 7% 8% 9% Kokamidopropil 3% 3% 3% 3% betain NLS 4% 4% 4% 4% Bentonit 20% 20% 20% 20% Glicerin 17% 17% 17% 17% BHT 0,02% 0,02% 0,02% 0,02% Triklosan 0,1% 0,1% 0,1% 0,1% Ethanol 96% 1% 1% 1% 1% Perfume qs qs qs qs Aquadest Add 100% Add 100% Ad 100% Ad 100%

6 b. FORMULATION OF BENTONITE SOLID SOAP WITH VARIATION OF CONCENTRATION NLS Materials CONSENTRATION FA FB FC Coconut oil 17% 17% 17% NaOH 30% 15% 15% 15% Stearic Acid 9% 9% 9% Kokamidopropil betain 3% 3% 3% NLS 3% 4% 5% Bentonite 20% 20% 20% Glicerin 17% 17% 17% BHT 0,02% 0,02% 0,02% Triklosan 0,1% 0,1% 0,1% Ethanol 96% 1% 1% 1% Perfume qs qs qs Aquadest Add 100% Add 100% Ad 100%

7 The weighing of ingredients a mixture of stearic acid, coconut oil and BHT Is melted up to 70 0 C Added a 30% NaOH solution at 700C, stirring until it forms a homogeneous mass. Added glycerine, NLS, betain, triclosan, bentonite and the rest of the water Evaluated of soap The mixture is poured into a mold, allowed to stand until it hardens Stirred until it forms a mass of solid soap. Added perfume at a temperature of 40 0 C C

8 Result & Discussion Formulation of Bentonite Solid Soap Material Coconut oil NaOH 30% Stearic acid Kokamidopropil betain Function Oil Fase Alkali Soap Hardener Surfactan sekunder NLS Foaming surfactants Bentonit Glicerin BHT Triklosan Ethanol 96% Perfume Aquadest Soil Humektan Antioksidan Preservative Solvent Deodorizer Water Fase

9 Evaluation of Chemical-Physical Properties a. Observations of Organoleptic Form, color and odor. b. High and Stability Foam calculated with the formula: Foam stability (1 hour) = 100% - % of foam missing c. ph of Soap Measured by a ph meter d. The hardness of Soap Measured by penetrometer

10 Formula Evaluation of Bentonite Solid Soap with Variation Concentrations of Stearic Acid Observation Organoleptic Formula Form Color Odor I Solid Brown Aroma tea II Solid Brown Aroma tea III Solid Brown Aroma tea IV Solid Brown Aroma tea Ket: FI: Stearic Acid 6% FII: Stearic Acid 7% FIII: Stearic Acid 8% FIY: Stearic Acid 9% Physically with the addition of stearic acid which varies did not affect the the shape, color and smell of the resulting solid soap bentonite. Brown color on the soap due to the presence of bentonite as a cleaning agent mughalladzah unclean.

11 Formula ph Value average ± SD I 10,201 ± 0,0332 II 10,110 ± 0,0089 III 10,105 ± 0,0141 IV 10,102 ± 0,0125 Comersial Soap ph testing 10,530 ± 0,0404 The higher the concentration of stearic acid, the ph value of the soap will decrease. But the drop in ph that occurred did not differ significantly between the formula. Hardness testing Formula The average depth of penetration ± SD (10-1 mm) I 52 ± 1,3229 II 42,08 ± 0,6292 III 40,08 ± 0,8780 IV 32,83 ± 1,0104 Comersial Soap 10,03 ± 0,0577 The higher the concentration of stearic acid, the higher hardness of bentonite solid soap. This is due to stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid and a role in providing consistency and hardness on the soap.

12 Formula Evaluation of Bentonite Solid Soap, with variation concentrations of NLS Observations of Organoleptic Formula Form Color Odor A Solid Brown Tea Aroma B Solid Brown Tea Aroma C Solid Brown Tea Aroma Ket: FA: NLS 3% FB: NLS 4% FC: NLS 5% Physically with the addition of varying concentrations of NLS does not affect the form, color and odor to the result of bentonite.solid soap

13 ph testing Formula The average ph value ± SD A 10,199 ± 0,0295 B 10,102 ± 0,0125 C 10,323 ± 0,0361 Comersial Soap 10,530 ± 0,0404 The higher the concentration of NLS, the higher the ph, therefore NLS has an alkaline ph

14 HARDNESS TESTING Formula Hardness testing ± SD (10-1 mm) A 35,25 ± 0,25 B 32,83 ± 1,0104 C 32,50 ± 1,3229 Soap Commercial 10,03 ± 0,0577 The higher the concentration of NLS, the higher the hardness of solid soap bentonite, because the amount of water that is added decreases

15 High and Stability Testing of Foam Formula High Foam average ± SD (cm) The average foam stability SD (%) A 1,37 ± 0, ,68 ± 0,3175 B 1,63 ± 0, ,87 ± 0,4561 C 1,67 ± 0, ,98 ± 0,3984 Soap Commer cial 1,43 ± 0, ,05 ± 0,8256 The higher the concentration of NLS, the better stability of foam soap solid bentonite. According Deragon et al. (1968) criteria for good foam stability, when within 5 minutes of the foam stability obtained ranges between 60-70%. Based on the results of the statistical analysis ANOVA height and foam stability, concentration NLS NLS 4% and 5% showed values did not differ significantly, so the concentration of 4% NLS selected as the best concentration.

16 CONCLUSION Stearic acid concentration of 9% give the highest hardness in solid soap bentonite. Increasing the concentration of NLS can give affect ph, high foam, foam stability and hardness of bentonite solid soap NLS concentration of 4% and 5% is the best concentration of NLS in providing physical-chemical properties, such as : ph of soap, foam height and foam stability as well as hardness of bentonite solid soap.

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19 EQUIPMENT Analytical balance, thermometer, penetrometer, vortex, clamp the wood, magnetic stirrer, hot plate, rod stirrer, pipette, watch glass, spatulas, pots, mold soap, oven, ph meter, and glass tools more commonly used in the laboratory. MATERIALS Bentonit (Shadong Bio-technology), gliserin (Shadong Bio-technology), Natrium hidroksida (Shadong Bio-technology), asam stearat (Shadong Biotechnology), natrium lauril sulfat (Shadong Bio-technology), kokamidopropil betain (Go-Native New Zealand), butylated hidroxytoluene, minyak kelapa (24 Chatham Place), triklosan (DevImpex), etanol 96%, parfum (tea tree oil), aquadest, aluminium foil.

20 Evaluation Soap According to SNI Testing quality of soaps according to SNI is : water content, the amount of fatty acids, free fatty acid / alkali-free and mineral oil Data Analysis Techniques Data evaluation of several formulas such as : ph, high foam, foam stability and hardness soap, tested statistically by one-way analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) followed by Tukey HSD test with a level of 95% (α = 0.05) to determine significant differences between the formula test results. The data were not normally distributed and not homogeneous, followed by non-parametric statistical analysis Kruskal Wallis test.

21 4.2 Quality Evaluation for Soap According to Standard National Indonesia No characteristics % Test result Requirements 1 Water content % 24,82 Max Total Fatty Acids % 0,23 >70 3 Free alkali % 0,00 Max 0,1 (calculated as NaOH) 4 Mineral oil - negative negative