Cirl Buntings: Do they have accents? Sarah Collins School of Biomedical & Biological Sciences, Plymouth University

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1 Cirl Buntings: Do they have accents? Sarah Collins School of Biomedical & Biological Sciences, Plymouth University

2 What happened to the cirl bunting 6-15 million across range!

3 Historic range Population declined in the UK

4 Current Distribution Report from RSPB 2009 Still concern about small geographic range

5 Habitat Requirements 1500 hrs of sunshine Less than 105 cm of rainfall per year Requirements for wind, night-frosts, altitude, slope, aspect, and exposure Preference for benign, often sloping, and sunny terrain. In contrast to Yellowhammer, avoids extensive open farmland Confined mainly to small fields with plenty of hedgerow growth and trees

6 Conservation Interventions Countryside Stewardship Scheme/Environmental Stewardship Reintroduction to increase range Further studies Populations, behaviour and song

7 Conservation Intervention Reintroduction programme (RSPB, Paignton Zoo, Natural England, National Trust) Collected birds from nests at 6 days old from then hand reared A total of 370 released, currently 40 pairs Most Cornish breeding birds now are wild bred

8 Further Studies Differences between large and small populations Differences between a native and a reintroduced population Do cirl buntings have dialects?

9 Cirl Bunting Song Cirl bunting (Emberiza cirlus) Repertoire of 2-5 (mean 2.4) songs Up to 61 elements in different European populations Constant from year to year Repeated notes, no terminal phrase Learn song

10 Recordings Recorded males over 2009 and 2011 (Stuart Croft, Helen Morse, Cornwall; Sarah Collins, Helen Morse, Devon) Song repertoire library created for each individual

11 Population comparison Cirl Bunting (Emberiza cirlus) recording Song repertoires Site (males recorded) Individual Repertoires (mean) Population Repertoire Recording time per male (mins) Berry head (5) 2-6 (4) 9 14 Bolberry (13) 1-4 (2) 13 9 Broadsands (5) 1-2 (1.5) 3 15 Cockington (7) 1-5 (3) 5 19 Charleton (8) 1-4 (2.5) East Prawle (21) 1-6 (3.5) Labrador Bay (2) Salcombe (8) 1-5 (2.75) Cornwall (13) 1-4 (2) 5 (+1 weird one) 12

12 Population comparison Cirl Bunting (Emberiza cirlus) recording Song repertoires sharing Site (males recorded) Population Repertoire Shared with other sites % shared Berry head (5) Bolberry (13) Broadsands (5) Cockington (7) Charleton (8) East Prawle (21) Labrador Bay (2) Salcombe (8) Cornwall (13)

13 Song Sharing Cirl Bunting (Emberiza cirlus) recording Proximity has an effect on degree of sharing (leaving out Cornwall and Labrador Bay) There is sharing of elements but not whole notes across all populations Cornish population strange. Shares two songs with W and one with E population (Labrador Bay) Berry head Bolberry Broadsands Cockington Charleton East Prawle Labrador Bay Salcombe Cornwall Berry head (5) Bolberry (13) Broadsands (5) 2 1 Cockington (7) 1 Charleton (8) 1 1 East Prawle (21) Labrador Bay (2) Salcombe (8) Cornwall (13)

14 Examples Devon (East Prawle) khz khz s khz s s khz s

15 Examples: Cornwall khz s khz s

16 Cirl Bunting (Emberiza cirlus) recording Results so far: Different species notes in Cornwall birds Smaller individual and population repertoires in Cornish birds and in small populations in Devon Cornish population no complex songs Some notes found in Devon and Cornwall Cirl buntings can produce song with no tutors No evidence of dialects, but are population differences Songs shared, more with close by populations Future work: Playback experiments Investigate population repertoire in more detail Compare degree of song sharing within a population Female reaction? Consequences for population? How do cirl buntings find new habitat?

17 Thank you to: Helen Morse Seale Hayne Educational Trust Stuart Croft & Nick Tomalin (RSPB)

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