IGR Institut für Glas- und Rohstofftechnologie. Presentation. by Dirk Diederich, IGR. on in Brussels FERVER

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1 Presentation by Dirk Diederich, IGR on in Brussels FERVER IGR - Institut für Glas- und Rohstofftechnologie GmbH Rudolf-Wissell-Str. 28 a, Göttingen Tel.: 0551 / ; d.diederich@igrgmbh.de

2 Structure of presentation Presentation of our company IGR Institut für Glas und Rohstofftechnologie GmbH (Institute for glass and raw material technology) Short excursion into a glass plant and to common glass chemistry Recycling glass homogenous sample taking and analytics Short excursion to glass melting and organics contamination Additional contaminations in recycling glass: Sorting, enrichment, detection and analysis

3 IGR - Institut für Glas- und Rohstofftechnologie GmbH Rudolf-Wissell-Str. 28 a, Göttingen Phone: 0551 / ; d.diederich@igrgmbh.de

4 About us our company Bundling of compentence for all questions regarding glass Additionally competence areas outside the glass industry, like ceramics, refractory, building materials, metals and wastes under german ElektroG Independent and neutral Institute QM-system based on DIN EN ISO 9001:2008 and DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025

5 The staff

6 The laboratory shown here the physical-chemical laboratory

7 Company fields of activity Excursion to the glass chemistry Analytical Quality checks - Analytics of glass, glass raw materials and glass recycling, - Quality checks, - Interpretation of analytic results Consulting - Consulting, training, research, development, - Procedure and recycling technologies (machinery planing), - Environmental protection with result to avoid or reduce wastes - Substantial recycling of wastes as alternative

8 A short look into a glass plant Furnace Forming Coating, quality checks and packaging

9 and in the glass chemistry temperature and viscosity refining colour und redox

10 and in the process technology: - Temperature (production technology, gas heating) and viscosity (batch, temperature) defines the processability of glass. - Redox and glass colour (batch, cullets) defines the appearance. - Refining (batch, redox, gas heating) of glass melt decides about quality of ready product. All these factors have in common the big effect from the oxidation status of the glass melt.

11 Our activities in the glass division Raw materials Recycling glass Batches Homogenous sample taking Melting, forming, cooling and coating Optimising of glass production and Glass defect Other services like R & D

12 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Homogenous sample (shovel sampling > 20 kg)

13 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Homogenous sample (cross splitting < 20 kg)

14 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Moisture analysis, sieve analysis Analysis of organics (redox) Analysis of contaminations like wrong colours, metals and CSP Chemical Analysis with ICP, oxidation analysis (C-concentration)

15 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Organics (redox) Excursion to organics in the melting process CSB, C-concentration, annealing loss (550 C or 1100 C)

16 Reducing: Redox effects of recycling cullets by: - Organic components like paper, foil labels, plastics and remains of foodstuff like sugar, greases and oils. - Paper has a equivalent carbon fraction of app. 33 %, sugar app. 44 %. Both reacts very reducing. - Cooking oil has a equivalent Carbon fraction of 100 %. But these oils are evaporating on low temperatures and reacting less reducing, compared to sugar and paper.

17 Practical experiences Redox problems part 1: - Redox problems with flint glass melts appears for example, if recycling cullets have considerable fluctuations from redox. - The batch is now more reducing. The content of Fe 2+ in flint glass increases clearly (e.g. from 17 % to 30 %). The glass colour changes from a clear, normal (yellowish) colour to a strong, greenish (blueish) colour within a few hours. - The possible solubility of sulfur in the glass reduce. The glass starts to content a lot of seeds. After the forming process you can see big unclear blister in the glass (reboil-effect).

18 Practical experience Redox problems part 2: - Maybe the batch filling in the melt tank rises. - Maybe a foam carpet forms on top of the glass melt. The melter adjusts the gas heaters more reducing, in that case a possible reburning of CO in the regenerator has to be avoided. - From this, problems with the heat transfer (gas heating) can occur. The glass melt will be colder, inhomogeneities and inclusions can occur. - Problems with organics impurities happens even with green glass melts. In this case the glass colour mainly changes from green to a tint in the green-amber.

19 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Organic (redox) CSB mg/kg: annealing loss 550 C %: carbon %: flat-glas 136 0,49 0,25 bottle-glas 325 0,21 0,04

20 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Colour in the cullet - > 8 mm - Flint, green, amber, light green - Reduced green

21 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Enrichment, Detection and analysis of contaminations Sieving, gravity parting, etc. Lot-Sampling e.g kg from a pile of 3500 t (according to Bauhaus-University, Weimar Sample mass in reference to contamination content; ~ DSD)

22 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Contaminations - CSP 47,8 g/t = 27,9 g/t Analysed in the same sample of 1200 kg with and without previous sieving

23 Our activities in the glass glass recycling Short excurs to inclusions in glass Sorting machinery (e.g. Clarity) : - Glass ceramics, - Lead glass,

24 Our activities in the glass - inclusions Porcelaine, chinaware (CSP) Refractory (AZS, silica, etc.) Corundum (abrasives, lamps, etc.) Metals (e.g. iron, copper, etc.) Silicium (by aluminium) Glass ceramics (Ceran, etc, quartz glass)

25 Our activities in the glass glass recycling chemical Analysis with ICP

26 Our activities in the glass glass recycling chemical Analysis with ICP more than 30 Elements actual and the results to the same day

27 Any questions Thanks