DEVELOPMENT OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT FINISHED COTTON FABRIC USING ECO FRIENDLY CYMBOPOGANCITROS OIL

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "DEVELOPMENT OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT FINISHED COTTON FABRIC USING ECO FRIENDLY CYMBOPOGANCITROS OIL"

Annabelle Woods
6 years ago
Views:

1 DEVELOPMENT OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT FINISHED COTTON FABRIC USING ECO FRIENDLY CYMBOPOGANCITROS OIL M. Anish Sharmila 1, P. Senthil Priya 2, S. Boobalan 3, L. M Karthikeyan 4 1, 2 Research Scholar, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, (India) 3 Department of Textile Technology, Karpagam University, (India) 4 Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Techno Global University, (India) ABSTRACT Mosquito cause more human suffering than any other organisms, Enhancing the health and hygiene qualities of consumer product make it necessary to find a new ways applications of textiles with eco friendly herbal finishing. In this research herbal oil cymbopoganciatros (Citronella oil) is used for mosquito repellent finish with lavender oil used as a prefumatted thing, cotton fabrics have the greatest ability to absorb the finishes, cotton fabrics in 30s count 68 Ends/inch and picks/inch without finished fabric taken and scoured, bleached. Dye the cotton fabrics using the reactive dyes hot brand (60 0 to 70 0 Celsius) in padding mangle dyeing method. CRD fabric are undergo the herbal (cymbopogancitros and lavender) oil repellent finish CRDNF samples. CRDNF fabrics are treat printing with 2% of herbal oil repellent finish CRDPNF sample. The natural mosquito repellent finish samples undergone physical test. CRDPNF samples are 0.2 grams fabric weight, 0.3 centimetre (cm) warp and 0.6 cm weft fabric bending length, millimetre (mm) fabric thickness, 0.02 grams abrasion resistance increased than untreated cotton C samples. Colour fastness to wet, dry crocking are shown good result. CRDPNF samples are 6% mosquito resting rate and 93% repelling rate than C samples. Keywords - Cotton, cymbopoganciatros oil, mosquito repellent finish, reactive dye I. INTRODUCTION Mosquitoes are insects of the leading public health concern because many species are vectors of diseases. Because of global warming the distribution of mosquitoes has prolonged from tropical regions to northern latitudes, which has spread the sources of viral infection from mosquitoes. San Martin J. L (1) indicated that as per the statement of World Health Organization (WHO) every year 2.5 billion people at risk from dengue fever with a 50 million estimated infections in worldwide. Saraf N.M and Alat D.V (2) mentioned that the developing textiles are high tech interdisciplinary products and it becomes an integral part of everyone s demands on life. Kumaravel S and Kantha L.C.B (3) reported that clothing plays important part in livelihood and considered as the second basic need for human life. Mosquito transmit is an additional health disease Dingo, Malaria, Viral fever. In addition mosquito bites can cause severe skin irritation through an allergic reaction to the mosquito saliva, it cause red bump and itching. In today fast changing global competition textile fields give more conscious of environment eco friendly aspects of textile production. Chemical repellent activities alternate source for eco-friendly express. One of the most effective tools for mosquito repellent finishing and the 96 P a g e

2 medicinal plants like Tulasi, Neem, Notchi, Lemengrass, Keelaneli, Eucalyptus, Cinnamon, Vetiver roots, Bernard D.R (4) explained that turmeric are used of the production of mosquito repellent finish. Hence the ecological point of view mosquito repellent fabric with natural source treated like herbal oil Cymbopogancitros application of herbal subtracts have repellent activity. As per Menezes E and Choudhari M (5), the major globally used fibre is cotton. Cotton is a tiny fibrous substance obtain from fabric satisfies the need of finishing with it inheritance advantageous properties like good absorbency, air permeability, inflame ability, durability, and comfort. Cotton fabric were used different dyes of different colours have different degree of fastness. Reactive dyes are especially made for the cellulosic fiber. These dyes are easily soluble in water and it is not harmful to the environment. Reactive dye hot brand have a excellent fastness properties and high fixation. Schindler W.D and Hauser P.J (6) indicate that finishing gives special functional properties including the final touch and fabric performance. Reactive dyed fabrics were treated with cymbopogancitros oil herbal finish. Lavender oil used for perfumated thing finishing in the final operation carried out after dyeing or printing to impart smoothness and special effects to the fabric and resistance to wear. Action of repellent on sense of smell is called transpiration repelling the effect of keeping insect away without them touching a surface processed with the repellent agent, repellent molecules block insects humidity sensory holes. In this research, percentage of mosquito resting rate and percentage of repelling rate has calculated with cotton reactive dye with printed natural finished fabric. The obtained results have best for application. II. METHODOLOGY 100% grey cotton fabric in plain weave 68 x 68 ends and picks/inch 30s count were treated with scouring process used soap solution at 60 0 C for 30 minutes to remove the dirt, oil, seed particles on the fabric. The soap solution is added into water in the proportion of 3:1 ratio the scoured cotton fabric is given hot wash and cold wash. The cotton grey fabric was bleached with 1% HCL, The M: L (Material required ratio in Liter) 1:20. Washed twice with the hot water to cold water the bleaching process was carried out 2 grams of sodium hypochlorite, squeezed and dried well for produce for the study. Coloured textile materials are reflect certain wave length depend upon the colour, mostly bright colours are always attracts the mosquitoes in the night. This research work to dye the fabric with light colour pink (2% shade) reactive dye (hot brand) pink with 2% shade. The reactive hot brand dye solution was prepared by past the required amount of dye stuff 1:30 material liquor ratio, dyeing was carried out at 60 0 C to 70 0 C worked for 20 minutes by occasional constant stirring. After 20 minute the fabric was taken out from the bath and added soda ash dyeing was continued for 30 minutes. Then the material was taken out squeezed and given hot and cold wash then dried. Mosquito repellent finish treated the fabric in 1:20 liquor ratio level of cymbopoganciators (Citronella, lavender) oil in pad-dry-cure method. The PH 6 level is maintained the repellent treated fabrics samples, after the finishing treatment to Prepare the screen and 50 parts pigment 940 parts of binder emulsion and fixer 10 parts CCL with 2% cymbopogancitor oil with little amount of water, constant stirring to make past form. Print the treated fabrics to dry by blowing hot air. 2.1 Mosquito Repellent Cage Test Cage test are the quick and cost-effective way determines the mosquito-repelling qualities of treated materials. A box of 30 x 30 x 30 cm made out of transparent glasses with 25 0 C ± 2 0 C temperature and 60 to 70 percent humidity was maintained. In the glass box the finished and unfinished fabric was placed. Release 20 mosquitoes 97 P a g e

3 in the box and allow it for 2 minutes. Note down the anti-mosquito effectiveness by counting the number of mosquitoes which will rest on the unfinished and finished samples during 2 minutes. Both the untreated cotton fabric and cymbopoganciators treated fabric is placed inside the mosquito cage containing mosquitoes for 2 hours. The effectiveness of the finish is evaluated by depending upon the number of mosquitoes on the samples and the bites. Release 30 mosquitos in a 30 x 30 cm mosquito rearing cage (25 0 C ± 2 0 C humidity 60-70%). Measure anti-mosquito effectiveness by counting the number of mosquitoes along on the hand during 2 minutes as per Prabha R and Vasugi Raja N (7) 2.2 Number of Mosquitoes in the Cage Finished and unfinished samples were testing the best is based on contact bioassays using recommended WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) procedures which state the testing method as follows Resting rate percentage Repelling rate percentage III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS All the figures and tables are represents the 100 percent cotton fabric unfinished and finished fabrics. The available abbreviations in the below figures and tables are as follows: C- Cotton fabric CRD- Cotton Reactive Dyed fabric CRDNF Cotton Reactive Dyed Natural Finished fabric CRDPNF- Cotton Reactive Dyed Printed Natural Finished fabric Fig.1 shows the fabric weight of treated and untreated fabrics. The cotton unfinished fabric has increase in weight C 3.86 grams, when compared to finished CRD 3.80 grams due to the reduction reaction of the Scouring, bleaching, and dyeing. But in CRDNF 3.86 grams fabric the weight increased due to the reaction of finishing agent. CRDPNF is 4.06 grams increased weight than above treated and untreated fabrics. Thus it could be concluded that fabric weight was not affected by the finish applied on the fabric. The higher mean value suggested that the higher is the weight of fabric. The cotton Reactive Dyed Printed Natural Finished fabric has increase in weight when compared to Cotton untreated fabric. 98 P a g e

Fig.2 shows the fabric thickness of treated and untreated fabrics. The cotton unfinished grey C 0.020 mm. CRD is 0.024mm due to the reduction reaction of the Scouring, bleaching, and dyeing.

The cotton reactive dyed fabric has increase in weight when compared to cotton treated fabric. Table 1: Fabric Stiffness - Warp And Weft Fabric Samples Fabric Stiffness in cm warp weft 1 C 3.1 2.

4 Fig.2 shows the fabric thickness of treated and untreated fabrics. The cotton unfinished grey C mm. CRD is 0.024mm due to the reduction reaction of the Scouring, bleaching, and dyeing. CRDNF dyed fabric thickness is 0.022mm. CRDPNF is 0.021mm treated printed fabrics. The higher mean value suggested that the higher is the thickness of fabric. The cotton reactive dyed fabric has increase in weight when compared to cotton treated fabric. Table 1: Fabric Stiffness - Warp And Weft Fabric Samples Fabric Stiffness in cm warp weft 1 C CRD CRDNF CRDPNF Table 1 shows the fabric stiffness of treated and untreated fabrics. The cotton unfinished fabric has C warp 3.1cm and weft 2.9cm, when compared to finished CRD warp 3.2cm and weft 3.1cm due to the reduction reaction of the Scouring, bleaching, and dyeing. But in CRDNF warp 3.6cm and weft 3.2cm. CRDPNF warp 3.4cm and weft 3.5cm. The higher mean value suggested that the higher is the stiffness of fabric. The cotton reactive dyed printed natural finished fabric has increase in warp stiffness when compared to Cotton other treated fabric. And weft stiffness fabric cotton reactive dyed printed natural finished fabrics has increased in weft stiffness when compare to the untreated samples. 99 P a g e

5 Fig.3 shows the abrasion resistance of treated and untreated fabrics. The cotton unfinished grey fabric C 0.14 gms. CRD 0.18 gms. CRDNF Dyed fabric Abrasion is 0.16gms. CRDPNF is 0.16gms treated printed fabrics. The higher mean value suggested that the higher is the abrasion resistance of fabric. The cotton reactive dyed fabric has increase in weight when compared to cotton treated fabric. Table 2: Grey Scale Colour Change Ratings for Fastness Fabric Colour fastness to washing Colour fastness to Colour fastness to Samples (Staining on Sample) Crocking (wet) Crocking (dry) 1 C Good Good Good 2 CRD Fair Good Good 3 CRDNF Good Very good Very good 4 CRDPNF Good Good Good Table 2 shows the colour fastness to washing staining on sample in grey scale rating is C shown good and CRD is fair, CRDNF good, CRDPNF good and the comparison of wet and dry crocking is C wet and dry both are equal rating good, CRD also wet and dry both the samples rating is good, CRDNF both the sample have same rating very good, CRDPNF equal ratings good. Entirely, table 2 represent the fabric colour fastness to washing good rating in grey scale unfinished and finished fabrics except cotton reactive dyed fabric. The higher mean value suggested that the higher is the wet grey scale and dry grey scale both rating of fabric cotton reactive dyed printed natural finished fabrics has very good in rating. Table 3: Resting Percentage Fabric Samples Number of resting mosquitoes 1 C CRD CRDNF CRDPNF 2 6 Resting % Table 3 represents C 25 mosquito s rest and resting are 83%, CRD 29 mosquito s rest and resting are 97%, CRDNF 5 mosquito s rest and resting are 16%, CRDPNF 2 mosquito s rest and resting are 6%. Entirely table 3 represent best result for cotton reactive dyed printed natural finished fabrics resting percentage is very low so that sample indicates the best result. Table 4: Repelling Rate Percentage Fabric Samples Number of resting mosquitoes under test 1 C CRD CRDNF CRDPNF Repelling rate percentage 100 P a g e

6 Table 4 shows the repelling rate of mosquitoes CRDPNF shown 93% of repellent. According to the above procedure it was evaluated that the untreated C sample shown 16% more bites. CRDPNF samples show 93% repellent rate. The cotton reactive dyed printed natural finished fabric has increase in repelling rate when compared to cotton untreated fabric. IV. CONCLUSION From this study it was concluded that Phyllanthus niruri and Vetiveria zizanioides were the natural and herbal finishing agent which were applied on the fabric using pad-dry-cure-technique have very good mosquito repellent finish. The natural finishing agents were eco-friendly bio-degradable, non-toxic, and non-irritant to the skin. It shows good mosquito repellent property when applied on the cotton and tencel cotton blended fabrics. They were evaluated by cage test, cone test and wear study. The test results of fabric weight, fabric thickness, fabric count, strength, elongation, absorbency in both cotton and tencel cotton blended fabrics were shown notable increase. The values of fabric stiffness, drapability, and abrasion resistance were decreased negligible due to the finish applied on the fabric. The mosquito repellent of tencel cotton blended fabrics shows better repellency than the cotton fabrics. REFERENCES [1] San Martín J. L and Brathwaite O, The epidemiology of dengue in the Americas over the last three decades: A worrisome reality. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 82 (1), 2010, [2] Saraf N.M and Alat D.V, Processing of Cotton Solution Providers Sarex, Colourage, 3(11), 2005, 73. [3] Kumaravel S. and Kantha L.C.B, Mosquito Repellent Fabrics, Textile Review, 4(5), 2009, [4] Bernard D.R, Repellents and Toxicants for Personal Protection World Health Organization, Department of Control, Prevention and Eradication, Programme and Communicable Disease, WHO Pesticide, Evaluation Scheme (WHO PES): WHO Geneva, Switzerland, [5] Menezes E and Choudhari M, International Magazine for Textile Professionals, AATCC Review, 7(3), 2007, 31. [6] Schindler W.D and Hauser P.J, Chemical Finishing of Textiles, (Wood Head Publishing Limited, Cambridge, England, P. 1, 2004). [7] Prabha R and Vasugi Raja N, Filarial repellent finish using medicinal plants, Indian Journal of Science, 1(1), P a g e

EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC BLEACHING ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEMP FABRIC

EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC BLEACHING ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEMP FABRIC Nishad Pratima 1 & Madhan Ritu 2, Ph. D. Department of Textile and Fashion Technology, College Of Home Science, Nirmala Niketan, 49,