Pottery Designs as an Evidence of Continuity and Change: Mature to Late Indus
|
|
- Bryan Martin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pottery Designs as an Evidence of Continuity and Change: Mature to Late Indus Tasleem A. Abro 1, Amin Chandio 1 and G.M. Veesar 1 1. Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan ( tasleem17@yahoo.com) Received: 02 August 2016; Accepted: 07 September 2016; Revised: 14 October 2016 Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 4 (2016): Abstract: The paper highlights the significance of the study of painted designs on ceramics with special emphasis on their role in understanding the notions of decline or continuity of traditions over time. Through the study of painted designs on ceramics datable to Mature Indus period and Late Indus period at sites such as Amri and Chanhu-Jo-Daro, the study establishes that there appears to be a cultural continuity between the two periods. Keywords: Ceramics, Painted Designs, Indus Civilization, Amri,, Pirak, Jhukar Introduction Indus Civilization flourished in South Asia between BC and is widely known for having a standardized material culture and city system which was indigenously developed. The primary core of this civilization is located in modern Pakistan along the Indus River and its tributaries. Some settlements were also found beyond the territories of modern Pakistan, and into the various states of India such as: Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan. The Peripheral settlement extended along the Makran Coast upto the Gulf state and through the passes into Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan. The settlements are also recorded within the Gangetic Plain (Fig.1). In this paper an attempt has been made to see the changes in the pottery designs during the Mature and the. Pottery plays a very important role in archaeological investigations. The archeologists often refer to pottery as an alphabet of Archaeology. It means that this type of artifact provides much of the basic information associated with any type of settlement and several aspects of given society for instance, chronology, trade, manufacturing technology and distribution, sources utilized and use of the items. An archaeologist considers pottery as the main factor for onsite chronology. Different period s pottery provides different information. Every period s pottery has a different characteristic which indicates either continuity or change.
2 ISSN Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 4: 2016 Figure 1: Map showing the geographical extension of Indus Valley Civilization, indicating major sites Pottery making started from the early times and continued up to contemporary times. In Sindh there are craftsman who make pottery and they produce it in different ways and decorate with several designs. Here the designs, techniques and motifs of pottery of Indus Period are studied keeping in mind various parameters: with main emphasis on (a) whether early designs continue in the subsequent periods or change and (b) what were the main elements of change between Mature and Late Indus period pottery. Previous researches has shown that technology of pottery manufacturing during Mature Indus is excellent in all aspects, however, in the later periods the technology of pottery making declined. Some of the decorative designs seen on ceramics datable to the Mature Indus period continued to the Late period, in addition to new designs also 436
3 Abro et al. 2016: introduced during the later period. This was evident from archaeological research done at several sites viz: Jukhar; Chanhu-Jo-Daro and Mohenjo Daro in Sindh, the Cemetery H in Punjab and Pirak in Balochistan. These sites have furnished evidence of Late Indus period. Figure 2: Map showing the geographical setting of Pakistan, indicating major Mature Indus and sites 437
4 ISSN Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 4: 2016 Jukhar (Majumdar 1934) has furnished evidence of different type of pottery that showed continuity of material culture from one era into another. N. G. Majumdar (1934), during his surveys at Mohenjo Daro observed that based on the occurrence of certain ceramic forms such as, bowls, dishes, dish-on-stand etc. that there are stylistic changes between the ceramics from early periods and later periods. Later period pottery was also discovered from the sites Mohenjo Daro, Amri and Chanhu-Jo-Daro showed continuity Mackay (1943). When Mackay excavated Chanhu- Jo-Daro and followed closely his work at Mohenjo Daro, he faced difficulty in isolating the Jukhar pottery, as its cultural affinity was yet to be established. Wheeler (1968:133) later persisted in interpreting Jukhar as representative of a Squatter culture of low grade, associated with the turmoil following the downfall of the Indus Civilization. Subsequently, Fairservis (1971) attributed Jukhar as a Late appearance of Harappan. Possehl, (1977) meanwhile viewed this phase as a continuity of cultural tradition, from the Harappan to the historical period. In his view, the decline and abandonment of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa marks not the end of the Indus Valley cultural tradition, but merely the urban phase within it. Allchin (1982:242), further supports the theory of continuity and considered the continuity to be present between Harappa & Jukhar and although they saw a distinct shift in craft techniques, but believed, the population to have remained substantially unchanged. Mughal also explored Jukhar between and concluded that the ceramic forms remain rather unchanged, although it is seen associated with new cultural material. The clay used by the Jukhar people was the same as by the Mature Indus People and at Chanhu-Jo-Daro the Jukhar Period people fired their pottery in a similar way. They used trenches and pits and these pits were covered or heaped with brush wood and straw and this process of firing is still practiced in present times (Mackay 1943). When they used the straw for the firing, this straw made the slip on the pots disfigure because the curious marks of the straw were found on this. They fired their pottery carelessly as compared to the Harappan people. Un-painted or plain vessels which were found from Chanhu-Jo-Daro were all handmade. It means the handmade pottery of the Jukhar period was mostly un-painted. Red and black were the two primary colours used in the decoration of the Jukhar pottery. Red was used for broad horizontal bands and black for edging of these bands as well as motifs and patterns (Mackay :107). Comparisons and relations between Harappan and Jukhar period on the basis of the fabrics and style of the decoration shows that the mature period they manufactured pots, which were small and large. The shapes of the vessels continue from the Mature period to the later period on the basis of designs and motifs on the pottery. A few examples in this regard include the Harappan Jar in Plate-XXXIII 68, which resembles the Jukhar vessel in Plate-XLI 38. These two vessels are same in the shape but the designs or motifs are different. Similarly, 438
5 Abro et al. 2016: Source: Amri Source: Amri Plate #: 67 Plate #: 70 Figure #: 254 Figure #: 333 Period-IIA Period-IIIA Pipal Leaf with flying birds. Design is made by controlled thin lines. All leaves are made with slanting strokes. Leaves are depicted natural. Pipal Leaves without flying birds. Design is made with thin & thick lines. Leaves are made with different lining patterns. Leaves are depicted stylistically. Source: Amri Plate #: 76 Figure #: 326 Period-IIIA Figure 3: Floral Designs of Mature and from Chanhu-Jo-Daro, a pot of the Mature Indus period (Plate-XXIX 37), is almost identical to that of the Jukhar period vessel (Plate XLI 50). The pedestal dishes were in use by the Indus people from the early period and this type of vessels were found from Jukhar period as well, which shows the people used such vessels, but the designs were entirely different. Incised designs were commonly used in the Harappan period, (Plate- XXXVI 12-34), the same designs continued during the Jukhar period (Plate-XL 17). The use of red polished slip was another link between the two periods; although the patterns employed were entirely different (Mackay, :127). 439
6 ISSN Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 4: 2016 Source: Period-IIB (Amri) Source: Period-IIIC (Amri) Plate #: 70 Plate #: 92 Figure #: 277 Figure #: 484 Fish Scale Design Fish Scale Design Design executed with precision Design executed without any precision Not associated with any other design Figure 4: Fish Scale Pattern Beside the fish scale design, two vertical lines, between which are horizontal lines present. Source: Chanhu-Jo-Daro Source: Chanhu-Jo-Daro Plate #: XXXVIII Plate #: XLVIII Figure #: 8 Figure #: 21 This design is called the intersecting circle design, and between these circles, a single circle with dot is present. This design is accompanied by a floral design. Figure 5: Intersecting Circle Design Similar representation of the former, but representation appears crude and not accompanied by additional designs. 440
7 Abro et al. 2016: Source: Period-IIB (Amri) Source: Period-IIIC (Amri) Plate #: 71 Plate #: 88 Figure #: 297 Figure #: 431 This pottery is called the perforated pottery and such forms occur commonly in sites of the Mature Indus period. Figure 6: Perforated Pottery Such forms also continue into the Late Indus Period. Source: Chanhu-Jo-Daro Source: Chanhu-Jo-Daro Plate #: XXXVII Plate #: XLVI Figure #: 8 Figure #: 1 The sherd is decorated with a chequered pattern. One square is decorated with lines and one square is blank. Same pattern is seen to continue into the Later Period. But in this plate we can see the blank square is designed with crossed lines. Figure 7: Chequered Pattern 441
8 ISSN Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 4: 2016 Source: Period-IIB (Amri) Source: Period-IIIA (Amri) Plate #: 62 Plate #: 72 Figure #: 276 Figure #: 298 The top and bottom decorated with flying birds and in between them is seen the chequered design. The chequered design are painted with precision. One square is filled with color and the neighbouring squares are blank. Figure 8: Chequered Motifs Chequered design and flying birds are on the sides. The designs are painted without any precision. One square is filled with color and the neighbouring squares are blank. Intersecting Circles Indus People decorated their pots with this motif (Fig. 5). This design shows the empty petals and the mid portion of the design being filled with dots, cross lines, circle with dot and some part also being left empty. At Amri, this design was found from the Intermediate period and at Kot Diji in the later levels. Perforated Design These are some of the diagnostic ceramic of the Harappans (Fig. 6). They are found in large quantities from most settlements of the Indus Period. Though roughly made, they are wheel-thrown and made of red-paste normally coated with cream slip and pierced with holes on the sides. The holes are pierced from outside leaving the rugged edges on the inside. At Kot Diji such ceramics are found from the Mature Indus levels. 442
9 Abro et al. 2016: Chequered Motifs It is the basic design in grid pattern decoration. (Fig3. 7 & 8) It was first seen in the Quetta Valley at Kulli Gul Muhammad-III, on Kulli Gul Muhammad Black on Red Slip Ware. At Amri, it was represented as a principal design on ceramics and also as a divider and filler with crosses in the blank squares. Evidence from Mohenjo Daro, Chanhu-Jo-Daro and also Jukhar revealed that the chequered motif was used commonly. Mostly one square was filled with cross hatched lines and the second square was black, but in some pot sherds, these blank squares were filled with a secondary element like dot and single or double dot in circle. The Mature Indus people also followed this pattern but they filled the empty square with a Sun Motif. Source: Chanhu-Jo-Daro Source: Chanhu-Jo-Daro Plate #: XXXI Plate #: XLVII Figure #: 19 Figure #: 23 Ladder patterns: This type of design is very common in Mohenjo Daro. This design is mostly applied on the large jars. Figure 9: Ladder Pattern Ladder patterns are found in the later period. Ladder Design This motif (Fig. 9) was found on big jars and such jars were found from Mohenjo Daro with downward crescent lines. The Same design was also seen on ceramics found at Chanhu-Jo-Daro with thick upwards lines. Discussion The study revealed that while the material culture found at Indus sites have undergone change, several of the designs represented on the pottery of the Mature Indus period continues into the later periods. However while the design remains unchanged, the 443
10 ISSN Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 4: 2016 manner of their execution changes. Such continuities and change are represented by several examples listed in the paper from sites such as Amri and Chanhu-Jo-Daro. In addition, previous studies mentioned earlier have revealed that the potters of the Late Indus period at these sites adopted similar technological processes in the making of ceramics. Such continuities seen in the ceramic traditions further attest the proposition put forth by Possehl (1977) and Allchin (1982), that the decline of the Indus Civilization, merely meant the degradation of the urban way of life and not the civilization. References ALLCHIN, B.R., 1988, "Rise of civilization India & Pakistan", Cambridge University, Press New York. ASTHANA, S., 19 - Pre-Harappan Culture of India & the Border Lands, pub: CASAL J.M., 1964, "French Archaeological mission digging report of Amri site Archaeology, No.1 Pakistan Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan. DALES J.F & KENOYER J.M., 1986, " Excavations at Mohen Jo Daro, Pakistan the Pottery", University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. DANI, A. H., 1981 Indus Civilization New Perspective, published by pp.37. DANI. A.H. 1981, Indus civilization New Perspectives", Director Centre for study of civilization of central Asia, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. E.J.H., 1938, Further excavations at Mohenjo Daro, Volume 2, New Delhi. FAIRSERVISE, W.A., 1971, "The roots of Ancient India", London. FENTRESS M., 1982, "From Jhelum to Yamuna: City and settlement in the second and third millennium B.C", New Delhi publishing. HIROKO, K., 1990, "Chronological change of designs on the Harappan painted pottery in Sindh", Bulletin of the Ancient Orient, Vol. XI. HUSSAIN, I. & SHARAR, H., 1992 Mohenjo Daro, P.No.120 KENOYER, J. M., 2000, Ancient Cities of the Indus Civilization, American Institute of Pakistan Studies, Oxford, (Third impression). KHAN, F.A., 2002 The Glory that was Kot Diji Culture of Pakistan, published by Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur. LAMBRICK, H.T., 1967, "The Indus flood plains and Indus civilization, Vol.133. MACKAY, Chanhu-Jo-Excavation, p.127. MACKY. E. J, 1943, "Chanhu-Jo-Daro Excavation", , American Oriental Society, New Holmen Connecticut. MAJUMDAR, Exploration of Sind, published by pp.154 MAJUMDAR. N.G., 1937, "Exploration in Sindh", Memoirs of the Archaeological survey of India, No.48, Manager of publication. MARSHALL, SIR J., 1931, Mohenjo Daro and the Indus, Volume 3, London. MUGHAL, M.R., The Harappan settlement systems and pattern in greater Indus Valley (Ca BC.), In: PA No.25: 1-27, Karachi. 444
11 Abro et al. 2016: MUGHAL, M.R., 1984, The Post-Harappan Phase in Bahawalpur District, Pakistan In: Lal, Gupta (eds.) 1984, , New Delhi MUGHAL, M.R., 1992b, The Geographical Extent of the Indus Civilization during the Early, Mature and Late Harappan times, In: G.Possehl (eds.), 1992: , New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta. MUGHAL. M.R., 1997, "Ancient Cholistan", Archaeology and Architecture Feroze Sons (Pvt.) Ltd., Mehran heights, Main Clifton road, Karachi. Old Problems and New Perspectives in the Archaeology of South Asia, 1989, edited by Kenoyer, J.M., published by Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. Pakistan Archaeology, Volume-1, 1964, P.No.39 PANHWAR M.H, 1992, "Mohenjo Daro: A study of Indus valley civilization, International Press & publication Bureau. PATHAWALA M., 1975, "Physical geography of Sindh", Publication No 12, Oxford University press, London. PIGGOT S., 1950, "Pre historic India", Penguin books. POSSEHL G.L., 1967, "The Mohenjo Daro floods", A Reply Vol.69 (1) POSSEHL, G.L, 1988, "Radiocarbon Dates from south Asia" reprinted from man and environment Vol.12, University Museum, Philadelphia. POSSEHL, G.L., 2002 The Indus Civilization A contemporary concept, P.No.65. RAO, S. R., 1982, "Indus cities planning for perfection", Science today. SHAIKH, N. 1991, Development of Trade and its impacts on the Indus Civilization", Lahore Museum Bulletin Vol. IV, No. I. SINGH GURDIP, 1971, "The Indus valley culture", in Archaeology and physical Anthropology, Oceanica Vol. No WHEELAR, S.M., 1968, "The Indus civilization", Cambridge University Press, London. MALLAH QASID, Pottery Paintings of Taloor-Ji-Bhit, Ancient Sindh, Department of Archaeology, SALU, Khairpur, Vol.6, p
Protohistory of India and Pakistan I: Development of Indus Civilization-Ceramic Traditions
5. 1 Glossary Protohistory of India and Pakistan I: Development of Indus Civilization-Ceramic Traditions Staring Charact er Term Definition B Brick An important building material of individual blocks of
More informationA Glimpse of Geometric Patterns Observed in Harappan Town Planning and Pottery Designs
A Glimpse of Geometric Patterns Observed in Harappan Town Planning and Pottery Designs Garima Bharti 1 1. Department of Ancient Indian History and Archaeology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,
More informationHistory Class 12 Book 1 Chapter
CHAPTER 1 THEME Bricks, Beads and Bones THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION Questions at the end of the Chapter 6. Describe some of the distinctive features of Mohenjo-Daro. Answer. The unique feature of Mohenjo-Daro
More informationNew Evidences from the Harappan Cemetery of Seman 6, District Rohtak, Haryana
New Evidences from the Harappan Cemetery of Seman 6, District Rohtak, Haryana Vivek Dangi 1 and Samunder 2 1. Department of History, A. I. Jat H. Memorial College, Rohtak, Haryana (Email: vivek_dangi@yahoo.co.in)
More informationBricks, Beads and Bones - The Harappan Civilisation
Bricks, Beads and Bones - The Harappan Civilisation The Harappan Civilisation is one of the most ancient civilisations in the world. Archaeological materials are the only sources of this civilisation.
More informationAncient Engineering:
Ancient Engineering: Selective Ceramic Processing in the Middle Balsas Region of Guerrero, Mexico Jennifer Meanwell Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 48 Access Archaeology Archaeopress Access Archaeology
More informationLocal ceramics from Songo Mnara, Tanzania. A. B. Babalola And J. Fleisher Rice University Houston, Texas
Local ceramics from Songo Mnara, Tanzania A. B. Babalola And J. Fleisher Rice University Houston, Texas Structure of the paper Introduction Analysis Procedures and Assemblage Overview Comparison with Kilwa
More informationTin Glazed Earthenware
1 Tin Glazed Earthenware (Box 2) KEY P Complete profile L Large S Small Context Context or contexts from which the ceramic material was recovered. Unique Cit of Edinburgh Accession Number Photographs of
More information1 Published by permission of t he Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution. Received April 12, 1927.
ARCHEOLOGY.-Potsherdsfrom Choctaw village sites in.il1ississippi. 1 HENRY B. COLI,INS, JR., U. S. National Museum. (Communicated by D. r. BUSHNELL, JR.) Archeological research Tn the southeastern states
More informationCeramic Glossary. Laboratory of Archaeology. University of British Columbia
Laboratory of Archaeology University of British Columbia ANTHRO\ZOOMORPHIC Describes object with human and\or animal features. APPLIQUÉ When ceramic is applied to an object. It can be applied anywhere
More informationThe Importance of Comparative Studies Dr Ruth Young: University of Leicester
PANEL: Mind the Gap: Continuity and Change in South Asian Archaeology (Monday July 4 2.00 5.00) Convenors: Prof. Robin Coningham (University of Bradford) & Dr. Ruth Young,( University of Leicester) The
More informationHarappa Excavations A Multidisciplinary Approach to Third Millennium Urbanism. Edited by Richard H. Meadow PREHISTORY PRESS
Harappa Excavations 1986-1990 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Third Millennium Urbanism Edited by Richard H. Meadow Monographs in World Archaeology No.3 PREHISTORY PRESS Madison Wisconsin Copyright 1991
More informationHarappan Geometry and Symmetry: A study of geometrical patterns on Indus objects
Abstract Harappan Geometry and Symmetry: A study of geometrical patterns on Indus objects M N Vahia and Nisha Yadav Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005 We study the
More informationCERAMICS IN CONTEXT: MIDDLE ISLAMIC POTTERY FROM THE NORTHWEST QUARTER OF JERASH
Alex Peterson-PhD Student Aarhus University, Ceramics in Context June 13 th, 2016 CERAMICS IN CONTEXT: MIDDLE ISLAMIC POTTERY FROM THE NORTHWEST QUARTER OF JERASH CERAMICS IN CONTEXT PROJECT: HTTP://PROJECTS.AU.DK/CERAMICS-IN-CONTEXT/
More information* This paper was read before the Society of Antiquaries of London, and we are indebted to that Society fur the use of the blocks illustrating
176 S. ALBANS AND HERTS ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. BY WILLIAM PAGE, F.S.A. Early in October, 1898, Sir John Evans sent me a letter he had received from Father Morris regarding a Romano-British
More informationPennsylvania Redware
Ceramic Arts Daily Lesson Plan Pennsylvania Redware by Denise Wilz. Photos by Lisa Short Goals Research historical Pennsylvania German folk art decorative motifs and pottery forms. Learn the symbolism
More informationWe are grateful to St Albans Museums for permission to republish the photographs of the Verulamium excavations.
We are grateful to St Albans Museums for permission to republish the photographs of the Verulamium excavations. www.stalbanshistory.org April 2015 Evidence of a Belgic Mint found at Verulamium, 1957 DR.
More informationPORTRAYAL OF SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE IN THE CHILDREN S PAGE OF TWO URDU NATIONAL DAILIES OF PAKISTAN
PORTRAYAL OF SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE IN THE CHILDREN S PAGE OF TWO URDU NATIONAL DAILIES OF PAKISTAN Dr. Masood Nadeem Department of Applied Psychology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, PAKISTAN. masood.nadeem@iub.edu.pk
More informationWAGIN DISTRICT HIGH SCHOOL SEMESTER OUTLINE
WAGIN DISTRICT HIGH SCHOOL SEMESTER OUTLINE COURSE OUTLINE Year 7 Society and Environment Course Outline 2016 The Year 7 Curriculum provides a study of history from the time of the earliest human communities
More informationSpecialist Report 3 Post-Roman Pottery by John Cotter
London Gateway Iron Age and Roman Salt Making in the Thames Estuary Excavation at Stanford Wharf Nature Reserve, Essex Specialist Report 3 Post-Roman Pottery by John Cotter Specialist Report 3 Post-Roman
More informationTHE CHARLESTON LAKE ROCK SHELTER
GORDON: CHARLESTON SHELTER 49 R. L. GORDON ( ACCEPTED JULY 1969) THE CHARLESTON LAKE ROCK SHELTER Excavations during the last week of May of 1967, conducted for the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests
More informationPottery from the Brundall Test-Pits (Site BRU/15)
Pottery from the Brundall Test-Pits (Site BRU/15) BA: Late Bronze Age. 1200-800BC. Simple, hand-made bucket-shaped pots with lots of flint, mixed in with the clay. Mainly used for cooking. RB: Roman. An
More informationThe Bodey Oil Lamp: The Illumination of Dating Through Construction and Design
1 Jonathan Richie H#01183584 richieja@hbu.edu Dunham Bible Museum Bodey Oil Lamp Word Count: 1181 The Bodey Oil Lamp: The Illumination of Dating Through Construction and Design 2 The Bodey Oil Lamp: The
More informationCURRICULUM OF SENIOR SECONDARY COURSE IN PAINTING
CURRICULUM OF SENIOR SECONDARY COURSE IN PAINTING RATIONALE Painting is a form of art. It is a powerful way of self-expression providing a sense of fulfillment and achievement. This course is aimed at
More informationTERRA-COTTA VASES FROM BISMYA. By EDGAR JAMES BANKS,
TERRA-COTTA VASES FROM BISMYA. By EDGAR JAMES BANKS, The University of Chicago. The mounds of Bismya abound in terra-cotta vases, both fragmentary and entire. In places upon the surface the potsherds are
More informationIron and the Debate on Second Urbanization
Iron and the Debate on Second Urbanization Ardhendu Ray 1 1. Independent Researcher (Email: ray.ardhendu82@gmail.com) Received: 20 August 2016; Accepted: 23September 2016; Revised: 17 October 2016 Heritage:
More informationGRADE 1, 3 LESSON PLAN FLOWER VASE / PLANT POTTER CLAY SCULPTING
Lesson Plan Information Grade: 1, 3, 3 LESSON PLAN FLOWER VASE / PLANT POTTER CLAY SCULPTING Subject: Arts (Visual Arts), Science and Technology (Understanding structures and mechanisms) Topic Grade 1:
More informationA Passion For Pots. Lesson #6. A Lesson in Glaze Decoration for Students of All Ages
Students of any age will enjoy and benefit from the experience of glaze decorating commercially-made terra cotta flower pots. With the flower pots as their canvas, students can experiment and create to
More informationSHPO Position on The Roles of Archaeological Testing
Matthew H. Bilsbarrow March 17, 2003 Many excavations begin with test pits, and in fact many end with test pits. Hole and Heizer (1969:146) In general, testing is the limited examination of an archaeological
More informationLESSON 3 THE FRENCH KNOT, LAZY DAISY AND BUTTONHOLE STITCHES IN EMBROIDERY
LESSON 3 THE FRENCH KNOT, LAZY DAISY AND BUTTONHOLE STITCHES IN EMBROIDERY STRUCTURE 3.0 OBJECTIVES 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 THE FRENCH KNOT 3.3 BUTTONHOLE STITCH 3.4 LAZY DAISY STITCH 3.5 ASSIGNMENTS 3.5.1
More informationArchaeology Handbook
Archaeology Handbook This FREE booklet has been put together by our Young Archaeologists to help visitors explore archaeology. It will help you complete the dig in the exhibition and is full of facts to
More informationART (ART) Art (ART) 1
Art (ART) 1 ART (ART) ART 100 Art History and Appreciation - Fundamentals 3 Units (AA/AS; CSU; IGETC 3A; UC; CSUGE C1) A study of the basic art principles and elements and how they are applied to art forms
More informationChinese Porcelain. (Box 1)
1 Chinese Porcelain (Box 1) KEY P Complete profile L Large S Small Context Context or contexts from which the ceramic material was recovered. Unique Cit of Edinburgh Accession Number Photographs of complete
More informationMonitoring Report No. 109
260m north-east of 77 Ballyportery Road Lavin Upper Dunloy County Antrim AE/07/05 Ruth Logue Site Specific Information Site Name: 260m north-east of 77 Ballyportery Road, Dunloy Townland: Lavin Upper SMR
More informationImportance of the Information required by the Artisans of Clay-based Handicrafts of West Bengal for their Product Development
Importance of the Information required by the Artisans of Clay-based Handicrafts of West Bengal for their Product Development Dr. Sibsankar Jana Assistant Professor, Department of Library and Information
More informationA Study on the Developments of the Bara Pottery in the Ghaggar Plains
17 A Study on the Developments of the Bara Pottery in the Ghaggar Plains Akinori Uesugi and Vivek Dangi 1. Introduction Bara pottery is widely known as representative of the Post-Urban Indus or Late Harappan
More informationA SAXO-NORMAN POTTERY I(ILN DISCOVERED IN SOUTHGATE STREET, LEICESTER, 1964
A SAXO-NORMAN POTTERY I(ILN DISCOVERED IN SOUTHGATE STREET, LEICESTER, 1964 by MAX HEBDITCH In the spring of 1964 construction work took place for the foundations of the new Shakespeare's Head public house
More informationHPISD CURRICULUM (SOCIAL STUDIES, WORLD HISTORY)
HPISD CURRICULUM (SOCIAL STUDIES, WORLD HISTORY) EST. NUMBER OF DAYS:15 DAYS UNIT NAME Unit Overview Generalizations/Enduring Understandings Concepts Guiding/Essential Questions UNIT 1: DEVELOPMENT OF
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level *7009284021* PAKISTAN STUDIES 2059/02 Paper 2 The Environment of Pakistan May/June 2016 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. READ THESE
More informationCape Nome, Alaska excavation records
1155 Finding aid prepared by Elizabeth Kelly. Last updated on March 01, 2017. University of Pennsylvania, Penn Museum Archives 3/6/13 Table of Contents Summary Information...3 Biography/History...4 Scope
More informationFigure 1: Excavation of Test-Pit 6. Looking west.
Test-Pit 6: The Parish Field, Park Street (SK 40787 03101) Test-Pit 6 was excavated in the north-west corner of the Parish Field on the south side of Park Street at SK 40787 03101 (Figure 1). Over two
More informationROMAN CERAMICS FROM THE FORT OF GILĂU
Babeș Bolyai University Cluj Napoca Faculty of History and Philosofy ROMAN CERAMICS FROM THE FORT OF GILĂU DOCTORAL PAPER SUMMARY Scientific coordinator Prof.univ.dr. Sorin Mitu Phd. candidate Raluca Maria
More information2011 Austin Independent School District Page 1 of 4 updated 5/15/11
Course: M.S. Beginning Art yearlong Austin ISD Yearly Itinerary 1 st There s a specific vocabulary for Art. Elements of Art are building blocks for creating original works. How do the art elements interrelate
More informationROMANO-BRITISH POTTERY l(iln AT GREETHAM, RUTLAND
PLATE Romano-British Pottery Kiln at Greetharn, Rutland. Photograph by Mr. L. Smith of Ryhall, enlarged by Mr. Charles Bear of R etford and Mr. R. Day of Greetham. ROMANO-BRTSH POTTERY l(ln AT GREETHAM,
More informationLesson two worksheets and documents
Lesson two worksheets and documents 25 Archaeology Definition Worksheet 1. Paleontologists study dinosaurs. What do archaeologists study? 2. When archaeologists excavate sites, they look for two types
More informationTusayan White Wares. Descriptions based on Colton 1955 and Hays-Gilpin and van Hartesveldt 1998.
Tusayan White Wares Descriptions based on Colton 1955 and Hays-Gilpin and van Hartesveldt 1998. General Characteristics Paint: organic Paste: light; usually with carbon streak Temper: sand, sherd sometimes
More informationGuidelines for the Development of Historic Contexts in Wyoming
Guidelines for the Development of Historic Contexts in Wyoming I. INTRODUCTION A Historic Context identifies patterns or trends in history or prehistory by which a specific occurrence, property or site
More informationA Colorful World Illustrated Art Lessons
A Colorful World Preparing to Paint Materials: paint egg cartons paintbrushes newspaper paper towels water jars paper Gather materials. If possible, provide a variety of brushes: small round, medium round,
More informationPottery 1: Final Exam Study Guide
Pottery 1: Final Exam Study Guide Elements of Art (Ingredients) The basic foundation/building blocks of art. 1. Line 2. Color 3. Value 4. Texture 5. Form 6. Shape 7. Space Principles of Art (recipe) How
More informationSMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Bureau of American Ethnology BuUetin 123 Anthropological Papers, No. 12 Archeology of Arauquiu By VINCENZO PETRULLO 291 ARCHEOLOGY OF ARAUQUIN By ViNCENzo Petrullo The Llanos of
More informationJordan Pottery Excavation Project Fonds, , n.d. (non-inclusive) RG 587
Jordan Pottery Excavation Project Fonds, 1966-1991, n.d. (non-inclusive) RG 587 Creator: Extent: Abstract: Materials: David W. Rupp Department of Classics, Brock University.9 m (2 ½ boxes) textual records
More informationDownloaded from
HALY YEARLY SOCIAL SCIENCES IN THE EARLIEST CITIES Q.1 What do you know about the discovery of the Harappan Civilisation? i) Nearly a hundred and fifty years ago, when railway lines were being laid down
More informationAssessment of Ceramic Assemblage Cromarty Community Excavations 2014
Assessment of Ceramic Assemblage Cromarty Community Excavations 2014 Derek Hall and George Haggarty Aerial shot of excavated structures looking North East (Ed Martin photography) 2nd December 2014 Assessment
More informationTHE ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF HURON COUNTY, ONTARIO, EARTHENWARE POTTERIES. * by David Newlands
20 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF HURON COUNTY, ONTARIO, EARTHENWARE POTTERIES * by David Newlands TWO The study of the history and technology of Ontario's earthenware potteries in the nineteenth
More information2. How would you describe this object s state of preservation? Is it intact? Does it show any signs of use?
Name: Section: DESCRIPTION 1. Look at and handle the object for a few minutes, then write a short description of the object. Which are its most important characteristics? 2. How would you describe this
More informationADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF PREHISTORIC YUMAN CERAMICS OF THE LOWER COLORADO RIVER DELTA
ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF PREHISTORIC YUMAN CERAMICS OF THE LOWER COLORADO RIVER DELTA ANTONIO PORCAYO MICHELINI CENTRO INAH BAJA CALIFORNIA Beginning in 2006, I have led a project for the National Institute
More informationLESSON 2 FEATHER, SATIN AND LONG & SHORT STITCHES IN EMBROIDERY STRUCTURE 2.0 OBJECTIVES 2.1 INTRODUCTION
LESSON 2 FEATHER, SATIN AND LONG & SHORT STITCHES IN EMBROIDERY STRUCTURE 2.0 OBJECTIVES 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING EMBROIDERY 2.3 FEATHER STITCH 2.4 SATIN STITCH 2.5 LONG & SHORT
More informationJohn Bartlam's Porcelain at Cain Hoy: A Closer Look
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty & Staff Publications Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Institute of 1-1-2007 John Bartlam's Porcelain at Cain Hoy: A Closer Look Lisa Hudgins
More informationUnlocking the Secrets of Mohenjodaro
I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K Unlocking the Secrets of Mohenjodaro What can artifacts tell us about daily life in Mohenjodaro? P R E V I E W Examine this image of an ancient Indian
More informationPottery production in ancient Akrotiri
Reading Practice Pottery production in ancient Akrotiri Excavations at the site of prehistoric Akrotiri, on the coast of the Aegean Sea, have revealed much about the technical aspects of pottery manufacture,
More informationCompilation of Agricultural Production Data for India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh Areas, c
Compilation of Agricultural Production Data for India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh Areas, c.1900 2004 Takashi Kurosaki November 2007 Abstract This paper presents estimates of historical data of agricultural
More informationLESSON 8: DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLACEMENT OF DESIGNS - I
LESSON 8: DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLACEMENT OF DESIGNS - I STRUCTURE 8.0 OBJECTIVES 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLACEMENT OF DESIGN 8.3 EQUIDISTANT PLACEMENT 8.4 HALF DROP OR BRICK LAYOUT 8.5 ALL
More informationTo Gazetteer Introduction. Gazetteer - Swarling Belgic Cemetery, Kent
To Gazetteer Introduction Gazetteer - Swarling Belgic Cemetery, Kent SWARLING (K) TR 127 526 Zone 5 Unlike Aylesford, this cemetery kept its grave-associations intact (Bushe-Fox 1925) and the pottery is
More informationIron Age and Roman Salt Making in the Thames Estuary
London Gateway Iron Age and Roman Salt Making in the Thames Estuary Excavation at Stanford Wharf Nature Reserve, Essex Specialist Report 1 Earlier Prehistoric Pottery by David Mullin and Lisa Brown Excavation
More informationStages of Clay. Leather hard
Ceramics I Stages of Clay Slip Plastic Leather hard Bone Dry Types of Wares Greenware Bisque ware Glaze ware Glaze problems and defects 1. 2. 3. 1. Crawling, 2. running, 3. under fired, 4. shivering, 5.
More informationFaculty Interview with Thomas F. Tartaron
Discentes Volume 4 Issue 1 Volume 4, Issue 1 Article 3 4-28-2016 Faculty Interview with Thomas F. Tartaron This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/discentesjournal/vol4/iss1/3
More informationCultural Bowls Teacher Resource
Grade Level 5-12 Objectives Cultural Bowls Teacher Resource 1. The student will study various ancient cultures by examining differences in pottery and the artwork on the pottery. 2. The student will recognize
More informationPottery of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Eastern Kentucky University From the SelectedWorks of Joe Molinaro Spring 2003 Pottery of the Ecuadorian Amazon Joe Molinaro, Eastern Kentucky University Available at: https://works.bepress.com/joe_molinaro/4/
More informationMaryland Archive of Archaeology Lesson Plans
Maryland Archive of Archaeology Lesson Plans Welcome to the Maryland Archive of Archaeology Lesson Plans. This page was made to provide a resource for educators who want to use archaeology to engage their
More informationSubject: Humanities Teacher: Ms. Jennifer Johnston Date: August 9, 2010
Grade: 12 th Subject: Humanities Teacher: Ms. Jennifer Johnston Date: August 9, 2010 Unit #5 /Title: The Art of Ancient Egypt Time Frame (calendar and # of weeks): 15 class meetings Standard(s): 1.1 (Aesthetics)
More informationThe rocking Stan9 or roulette in pottery decoration.
April 1892. J ABORIGINAL DECORATIVE ART. 149 STUDIES IN ABORIGINAL DECORATIVE ART. BY. w. n. HoLms. 11. The rocking Stan9 or roulette in pottery decoration. The use of the stamp or figured paddle in pottery
More informationCHAPTER VII: CONCLUSIONS. VII.1 The ceramic sequence
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSIONS Listen again. One evening at the close of Ramadan, ere the better moon arose, in that old potter s shop I stood alone with the clay population round in rows. And strange to tell,
More informationLESSON 5 STRUCTURE 5.0 OBJECTIVES 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 POTATO BLOCKS 5.3 MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR POTATO PRINTING 5.4 STEPS INVOLVED IN POTATO PRINTING
LESSON 5 POTATO PRINTING STRUCTURE 5.0 OBJECTIVES 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 POTATO BLOCKS 5.3 MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR POTATO PRINTING 5.4 STEPS INVOLVED IN POTATO PRINTING 5.5 ALTERNATE METHODS OF BLOCK MAKING
More informationBernard Leach graphic artist 21. Covered hexagonal box Oxidised stoneware, incised seaweed motif on lid.
1 Group of etchings Including Coal Heavers, Earls Court Road, London, 1908 (top left). 2 Etching Tile design Sketch Study of fritillary flowers, pencil on paper. LA.1071 Bowl Reduced stoneware, light grey
More informationWROXETER, THE CORNOVII AND THE URBAN PROCESS
WROXETER, THE CORNOVII AND THE URBAN PROCESS FINAL REPORT ON THE WROXETER HINTERLAND PROJECT 1994-1997 VOLUME 2: CHARACTERIZING THE CITY R. H. White, C. Gaffney and V. L. Gaffney with Arnold Baker and
More informationAntiquity of Bead Manufacturing at Mahurjhari and Its Relevance in Early Iron Age Megalithic Culture of Vidarbha
Antiquity of Bead Manufacturing at Mahurjhari and Its Relevance in Early Iron Age Megalithic Culture of Vidarbha Shantanu Vaidya 1 and R.K. Mohanty 1 1. Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post graduate
More informationArt-Drawing-Painting. 3-D or 3 dimensional when all 3 dimensions: length, height, and width can be touched and felt.
ART Art-Drawing-Painting *Sculpture words (Additional vocabulary follows the main list) *Crafts and Ceramics (Vocabulary specific to crafts and ceramics follow this main list) Essential Vocabulary Secondary
More informationElements of Art. Line. Shape. List the types of shapes seen in the teapot organic How were the shapes made? painting and carving
Ceramics I Elements of Art Line Definition: continuous mark Types of lines: Vertical, horizontal, diagonal, curved Where can lines be found in ceramics? Contour, implied, incised, etc. How can lines be
More informationAncient Egypt: Early Egypt
A Ancient Egypt: Early Egypt Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2 Contents Before your visit Background information Sources of information Preliminary activities During your visit Gallery activities
More informationROLE OF WOMEN IN CONTINUING THE INDIAN HERITAGE
ROLE OF WOMEN IN CONTINUING THE INDIAN HERITAGE Dr. Neeta Nagori 1, Dr. Awa Shukla Head of Department, Tolani F. G. Polytechnic, Adipur(Kutch), Gujarat, India 1 Asst. Professor, Media & Communication,BabasahebAmbedkar
More informationDENTATE-STAMPED POTTERY FROM SIGATOKA, FIJI
Part 1 DENTATE-STAMPED POTTERY FROM SIGATOKA, FIJI Lawrence and Helen Birks INTRODUCTION The pottery vessels described here were recovered from two archaeological sites near Sigatoka, on the south-west
More informationThe Late Classic Palace Polychromes of Cahal Pech, Belize: Documentation and Analysis
FAMSI 2002: Joseph W. Ball and Jennifer T. Taschek The Late Classic Palace Polychromes of Cahal Pech, Belize: Documentation and Analysis Research Year: 1996 Culture: Maya Chronology: Late Classic Location:
More informationPottery And Society: The Impact Of Recent Studies In Minoan Pottery. Gold Medal Colloquium In Honor Of Philip P Betancourt, 104th Annual Meeting
Pottery And Society: The Impact Of Recent Studies In Minoan Pottery. Gold Medal Colloquium In Honor Of Philip P Betancourt, 104th Annual Meeting Of... Of America, New Orleans, LA, 5 January 2003 By Malcolm
More informationPR.EHISTORJC SOUTHWEST POTIERYTYPES AND WAR.ES: DESCRIPTIONS AND COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS. Norman "Ted" Oppelt
PR.EHSTORJC SOUTHWEST POTERYTYPES AND WAR.ES: DESCRPTONS AND COLOR LLUSTRATONS Norman "Ted" Oppelt 2218 25 th Street Greeley, Colorado 80631 nrmoppelt@comcast.net 2007 Mesa Verde White Ware (AD 550-1300)
More informationJUN TAKEGOSHI CONTEMPORARY KUTANI WARE
JUN TAKEGOSHI CONTEMPORARY KUTANI WARE THE FINE ART SOCIETY the fine art society JUN TAKEGOSHI CONTEMPORARY KUTANI WARE 3 august - 1 september 2017 THE FINE ART SOCIETY 148 new bond street london w1s 2jt
More informationPhotographic Survey of Building on frontage
KNIGHT S COURT, TEMPLETON, PEMBROKESHIRE SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORKS COMPLETED AS PART OF ORIGINAL PLANNING PERMISSION BY DAT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 DAT Archaeological Services
More informationTitle: How steep are those hills? Engineering Grade: Estimated Time: 3 hours (2 days) Groups: 3 to 4 students
Title: How steep are those hills? Engineering Grade: 10-12 Estimated Time: 3 hours (2 days) Groups: 3 to 4 students Synopsis: Students will be able to understand the concept of surveying and mapping ground
More informationoi.uchicago.edu TELL ES-SWEYHAT Thomas A. Holland
Thomas A. Holland Although the Sweyhat project was again unable to have a field season during 1998 to recover the remainder of the important mid-third millennium wall paintings from the monumental building
More informationA KIND OF ALCHEMY: MEDIEVAL PERSIAN CERAMICS
Contact: Greg Langel Media and Marketing Manager 412-342-4075 glangel@thefrickpittsburgh.org For Immediate Release A KIND OF ALCHEMY: MEDIEVAL PERSIAN CERAMICS OPENS AT THE FRICK ART & HISTORICAL CENTER
More informationOriginal article AN EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY POTTERY SAMPLE FROM EL-SALAAM SCHOOL MUSEUM, AT ASSUIT. Sallam, O.
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies "EJARS" An International peer-reviewed journal published bi-annually Volume 7, Issue 1, June - 2017: pp: 17-25 www. ejars.sohag-univ.edu.eg Original
More informationSystematic drawing and description of Celts and Ringstone.
Systematic drawing and description of Celts and Ringstone. Introduction Dear students, today we shall discuss on the technologically new type of tools which are totally different from the accurately drawn
More informationLatvia s textile history
Latvia s textile history Weaving holds an outstanding position in the history of mankind s culture as one of the oldest crafts, also in the history of Latvia. In the early Stone Age, around the 2 nd thousand
More informationADDENDUM TO THE WOOD AND CHARCOAL SPECIMEN ANALYSIS FOR THE MARKET STREET CHINATOWN ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
ADDENDUM TO THE WOOD AND CHARCOAL SPECIMEN ANALYSIS FOR THE MARKET STREET CHINATOWN ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT Authored by Jane I. Seiter and Michael J. Worthington MSCAP Technical Report 7 Oxford Tree-Ring Laboratory
More informationPieces of the Past. Kris Sloan
Pieces of the Past Kris Sloan Lesson Overview: Many cultures have utilized clay containers for cooking and storage for thousands of years. Often different cultures have distinctive ceramic styles. Archeologists
More informationSixth grade Unit #1, Social Studies, Beginnings of Human Society
Sixth grade Unit #1,, Beginnings of Human Society Content Area: Course(s): Time Period: Length: Status: September 6 weeks Published Enduring Understanding Hunter/gatherers adapted to their physical environments
More informationTopic/Theme: Understand, analyze, and describe the arts in their historical, social, and cultural context
Lesson Plan: What is Islamic Art? Subject Area: Visual Arts Grades: Upper Elementary School, Middle School Topic/Theme: Understand, analyze, and describe the arts in their historical, social, and cultural
More informationART DEPARTMENT POSSIBLE ART SEQUENCES. Ceramics/Sculpture. Photography. Digital. Commercial Art* Digital 2* Studio
ART DEPARTMENT POSSIBLE ART SEQUENCES 9 th Grade 10 th Grade 11 th Grade 12 th Grade Ceramics/Sculpture Ceramics 1 Ceramics 2 Ceramics 3* AP 3 Dimensional Design Photography Photography 1 Photography 2
More informationPOTTERY FROM THE PREDYNASTIC SETTLEMENT AT HALFIA GIBLI (DIOSPOLIS PARVA)
JSSEA 30 (2003) 159 POTTERY FROM THE PREDYNASTIC SETTLEMENT AT HALFIA GIBLI (DIOSPOLIS PARVA) Sally Swain Abstract This article outlines the nature of an assemblage of pottery excavated at the Predynastic
More informationSheetlines. The journal of THE CHARLES CLOSE SOCIETY for the Study of Ordnance Survey Maps
Sheetlines The journal of THE CHARLES CLOSE SOCIETY for the Study of Ordnance Survey Maps Thumbnail sketches on one-inch map covers from 1945 (part 1) K S Andrews Sheetlines, 78 (April 2007), pp.38-42
More informationThe Origins and Use of the Potter s Wheel in Ancient Egypt
The Origins and Use of the Potter s Wheel in Ancient Egypt S. K. Doherty Archaeopress Egyptology 7 Archaeopress Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 060 0
More information