Item 6. International trade in cultural goods

Transcription

1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate F: Social statistics Unit F-1: Social statistics - modernisation and coordination Doc. CS/2015/April/6 Item 6 International trade in cultural goods MEETING OF THE WORKING GROUP ON CULTURE STATISTICS LUEMBOURG, APRIL 2015 BECH BUILDING - ROOM AMPERE 0

2 Contents 1. PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT BACKGROUND METHODOLOGICAL CONTET CULTURAL GOODS AND CLASSIFICATIONS REVISION OF THE LIST OF CULTURAL GOODS FINAL SELECTION OF CULTURAL GOODS DATA SOURCE AND CALCULATED INDICATORS COMET CALCULATED INDICATORS CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER QUESTIONS Pending questions

3 1. PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT The aim of this paper is to present the context and methodological frames lying behind the establishment of a list of 'cultural goods'. Further the paper explains shortly the source of the EU external trade statistics and its use in cultural domains. Member States are invited to comment: - on the proposed list of cultural goods (section 5) - aggregated classification of cultural products for dissemination (section 6) - and on the pending issues listed in section BACKGROUND The ESSnet report for culture statistics framework 1 distinguishes six cultural functions: creation, production/publishing, dissemination/trade, preservation, education and management/regulation. Although the international trade of cultural goods is not explicitly considered in the framework proposed by the ESSnet, Eurostat analysed the report in an "international trade perspective" in order to create an ad hoc methodology for the design and development of culture statistics in this field taking into account the 2 framework. Collecting and producing such statistics enabling to provide a picture of the weight of cultural industries and products in the whole international trade would help to corroborate the idea that culture is not only a system of abstract concepts but also plays an important role as a driver of the economic development. Indeed, together with other indicators (like value added generated by cultural sectors and cultural employment) the international trade in cultural goods would contribute to assess the weight of culture in the economy. 3. METHODOLOGICAL CONTET In order to measure the trade transactions and trade value of cultural goods, two elements are necessary: reliable and comparable data based on harmonised and standardized procedures as well as agreed definition of cultural goods identified within a common classification. The first element comparable data on trade exists at EU as well as at international level. In the EU, the external trade of goods is monitored, reported and registered in accordance to EU regulations establishing the legal frames for gathering of trade statistics. The use of common definitions, classifications and the respect of common procedures guarantee the high level of quality and harmonisation of the collected data and enable the international comparisons at a very detailed level. These data are stored in the Comext database administrated by Eurostat. At worldwide scale the reference is the Comtrade database managed by the UN providing comparable data among all countries in the field of the world trade statistics. Regarding the second element, the identification of cultural goods was elaborated and documented by and ESSnet in their respective frameworks for cultural statistic but it must be noted 1 ESSnet CULTURE, 2012, page 29, framework for cultural statistics, 2

4 that there are differences between them concerning the type and number of cultural domains, activities and processes considered. The ESSnet scope in fact is the result of the crossing of 10 domains (having the concept of creativity at their core and which purposes are to convey the symbolic, artistic and cultural expressions and values) and 6 functions reflecting the economic cycle. On the other side, the framework proposes a broader scope also including sociological and anthropological aspects of the cultural cycle. Therefore, in addition to the 10 domains identified by ESSnet, the includes natural heritage, design and creative services like fashion and graphic design, the software industry and telecommunication activities, craft in general, general printing activities, equipment and supporting materials of cultural goods and as well sport and recreation equipment. As a consequence, the list of cultural goods proposed by contains more products than the ESSnet. The latter excludes all the manufacturing in large sense, wholesale, all the items comprised in audio-visual equipment and supporting materials of audio and all sport, tourism and recreation products. 4. CULTURAL GOODS AND CLASSIFICATIONS To summarize, and ESSnet propose the lists of cultural goods in relation to the identified domains, functions and cultural cycles. The worked on the list according to the Harmonised Systems (HS) classification while ESSnet selected the scope within the Combined Nomenclature (CN). The HS is widely adopted and is built on 6 digits at the lowest level. The CN is the reference nomenclature used in the EU and is composed of 8 digits at the lowest level. The CN and HS are compatible at 6 digits. This implies the perfect correspondence among both lists at 6 digits. The figure 1 below shows in the nutshell the major differences between the lists in the context of the ESSnet and frameworks. The left and right fields enumerate the ESSnet and domains and the field in the middle gives common to both domains groups of cultural goods. The goods that are selected only by are inserted in the boxes in between the middle and right field. In these boxes the articles related to equipment (underlined) can be found. The colours crosscheck the ESSnet and domains as they don't always have the same names. To facilitate the reading the cultural goods are grouped according to the domain and by family of products (the detailed list of cultural goods selected in the framework of ESSnet and works are provided in the table 1). 3

5 Figure 1: The and ESSnet cultural domains and corresponding list of cultural goods ESSnet domains HERITAGE Cultural goods Antiques, work of arts, collectors' pieces domains CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE BOOKS AND PRESS Books Newspapers Other printed matter Printing machinery BOOKS AND PRESS VISUAL ARTS PERFORMING ARTS AUDIOVISUAL AND MULTIMEDIA Paintings, drawings,engravings, sculpture Musical instruments Other visual arts Craft Jewellery Photography (developed films) Photography (equipment) Recorded media Celebration articles for festivities Music equipment VISUAL ARTS AND CRAFT PERFORMANCE AND CELEBRATION ARCHITECTURE ARCHIVES LIBRARIES ADVERTISING ART CRAFT Architecture plans Film and video Audio-visual equipment Computer and related equipment AUDIOVISUAL AND INTARACTIVE MEDIA DESIGN AND CREATIVE SERVICES ARCHIVES AND PRESERVATION EDUCATION AND TRAINING

6 5. REVISION OF THE LIST OF CULTURAL GOODS Table 1 shows the detailed list of items considered as cultural in the ESSnet and frameworks as well as the Eurostat selection (with comments when needed). The list of goods is presented according to the HS classification. This classification is perfectly compatible with the CN at 6 digits and encompasses all the ESSnet codes selected at 8 digits of the CN except for postage/revenue stamps and some codes related to the musical instruments section. The CN offers more possibilities for trade analysis on a very refined level but in case of cultural goods, the grouping at 6 and 4 digits is enough to approach the trends and trade volumes. Only for CD's and DVD's identified at 8 digits of the CN, the 6-digits corresponding codes in HS offer a larger scope. As already mentioned, the list and the ESSnet list differ but have a common base: the ESSnet selection is entirely included in the. The ESSnet list focused on antiques, works of arts (paintings, engravings, and sculpture), books, newspapers, musical instruments and architecture plans and designs. In addition to that list the also defined craft works like woven fabrics, embroidery, knitted or crocheted fabrics, jewellery, maps, postcards, calendars, photographic and cinematographic developed films, gramophone records, printed music or in manuscript. Moreover, the includes, among others, celebration articles, articles of musical and audio-visual equipment like cameras, microphones, headphones and amplifiers, unexposed print films, printing machinery, video recording apparatus, image projectors, and as well computer related equipment because of the inclusion of the Software publishing activity. Finally, the list also includes sport, recreation and tourism articles which were completely left aside and excluded. The topic related to the external trade of cultural goods was also subject to detailed analysis and developments. Eurostat took back all the achievements in this matter and went further than ESSnet. The idea was to set up a list of cultural items of a larger scope than the one proposed by ESSnet as it was found to be too restrictive. In the selection phase of cultural goods, Eurostat based on and ESSnet lists, also launched a consultation within MS on possible additional items to be added. The works also aimed at establishing meaningful aggregates of cultural goods. The outcome of this work led to the revision of cultural codes and to the identification of the new list covering some more codes. After the revision of the codes content and in relation to cultural domains, occupations and cultural sectors, Eurostat identified some more codes to be possibly taken into account in the scope of the cultural trade: children's books and maps within the domain Book and Press, developed photographic films within Visual arts, recorded media like gramophones, music manuscripts, cinematographic films and video games within audio-visual and multimedia, embroidery and knitted fabrics within visual art and crafts. The table 1 gives the list of and ESSnet codes identified in the respective definitions as well as the Eurostat position regarding the additional items. The table also provides the rationale behind the inclusion of the mentioned articles.

7 Table 1: Detailed list of goods by and ESSnet CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Postage or revenue stamps, stamp-postmarks, first-day covers, postal stationery (stamped paper), and the like, used or unused Heritage Antiques Collections and collectors' pieces of zoological, botanical, mineralogical, anatomical, historical, archaeological, paleontological, ethnographic or numismatic interest OK Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years Paintings, drawings and pastels, executed entirely by hand, other than drawings of heading 4906 and other than hand-painted or hand-decorated manufactured articles, collages and similar decorative plaques OK Paintings Collages and similar decorative plaques Visual Arts Pictures, designs and photographs They are illustrations not bearing a text. In addition, they are supposed to be inserted in publications which are essentially devoted to advertising (for example, brochures, pamphlets, leaflets, trade catalogues, year books published by trade associations, tourist propaganda) Original engravings, prints and lithographs Original sculptures and statuary, in any material OK Other visual arts Statuettes and other ornamental articles in plastic Statuettes and other ornaments, of wood Wood marquetry and inlaid wood; caskets and cases for jewellery or cutlery, and similar articles, of wood; wooden articles of furniture Trade in unique design objects was included in the cultural scope by ESSnet but trade in manufactured designed object is not. In addition, some of these products are ornamental (in other terms: objects that are used as decorations rather than for a particular purpose) and there is not originality within them.

8 CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Statuettes and other ornamental ceramic articles of porcelain or china Statuettes and other ornamental ceramic articles, n.e.s. (excl. of porcelain or china) Glassware articles including statuettes Statuettes and other ornaments, of base metal plated with precious metal Statuettes and other ornaments, of base metal, not plated with precious metal (excl. works of art, collectors'' pieces and antiques) Worked ivory and ivory articles Bone, tortoiseshell, horn, antlers, coral, mother-of-pearl and other animal carving material, and articles of these materials (including articles obtained by moulding) Bells, gongs and the like The description of the heading says that the bells gong and the like intended as musical instruments are excluded. The reason behind this exclusion may be found in the fact that this item includes bells made of base metal (a metal that oxidizes or corrodes relatively easily and reacts variably with diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form hydrogen). Bells intended as musical instruments are those made of cast metal ("casting" is a process to produce a more stable and durable metal). Art crafts Musical intruments Upright pianos Grand pianos Harpsichords and other keyboard stringed instruments (excl. pianos) Other string musical instruments (for example violins, harps) played with a bow OK Guitars, harps and other string musical instruments (excl. with keyboard and those played with a bow) Brass wind instruments (for example, clarinets, trumpets bagpipes) 7

9 CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Wind musical instruments (excl. brass-wind instruments) Percussion musical instruments (for example drums, xylophones, cymbals, castanets, maracas) Keyboard instruments other than accordions Accordions and musical instruments without keyboards, the sound of which is produced, or must be amplified, electrically Musical boxes Fairground organs, mechanical street organs, mechanical singing birds, musical saws and other musical instrument; decoy calls of all kinds; whistles, call horn and other mouth blown sound signalling instruments Parts and accessories for pianos Parts and accessories for the musical instruments of heading 9202 Parts and accessories for the musical instruments of heading 9207 Parts and accessories instruments of other musical Hand-woven tapestries of the type Gobelins, Flanders, Aubusson, Beauvais and the like and needle-worked tapestries OK Crafts Narrow woven fabrics: Woven pile fabrics (including terry towelling and similar terryfabrics) and chenille fabrics There is no cultural content. "Terry towelling" indicates those towels made of terry which is that fabric used to absorb liquids. Anyway, No distinction between handmade and manufactured products even at 8 digits level Narrow woven fabrics: Other woven fabrics, containing by weight 5% or more of lastomeric yarn or rubber thread Narrow woven fabrics: Other woven fabrics of cotton Woven fabrics are worked on a big loom (a machine for weaving fabric) and made of many threads woven on a warp (the threads on a loom that other threads are passed over and under in order to make fabric) and a weft (the threads that are woven under and over the threads that are held on a loom). 8

10 CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Narrow woven fabrics: Other woven fabrics of man-made fibres Narrow woven fabrics: Other woven fabrics of other textile materials Fabrics consisting of warp without weft assembled by means of and adhesive (bolducs) The presence of warp implies the use of the loom (which is a machine for weaving fabric) Braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings in the piece, without embroidery; other than knitted or crocheted The ornamental purpose of these items makes them inadequate to be included in the cultural scope (p.51 ESSnet report) Other braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings in the piece, without embroidery; other than knitted or crocheted The ornamental purpose of these items makes them inadequate to be included in the cultural scope (p.51 ESSnet report) Woven fabrics of metal thread and woven fabrics of metallised yarn of heading 5605 of a kind used in apparels as furnishing fabrics or for similar purposes Woven fabrics are worked on a big loom (a machine for weaving fabric). These goods are used for ornamental/decorative purposes Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs without visible ground Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs: Other embroidery of cotton Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs: Other embroidery of man-made fibres Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs: Other embroidery of other textile materials In heading 58.10, the expression embroidery means, inter alia, embroidery with metal or glass thread on a visible ground of textile fabric, and sewn appliqué work of sequins (small circular shiny disc, sewn onto clothing as decoration) beads (a small piece of glass, wood etc. with a hole through it, that can be put on a string with other of the same type) or ornamental motifs of textile or other materials. The heading does not apply to needlework tapestry (heading 58.05) Quilted textile products in the piece Products made of two layers of fabrics with soft material between them, held in place by stitches (the small lines of threads that you can see on a piece of fabric after it as been sewn). These products are used to make clothes Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight 5% or more of lastomeric yarn but not containing rubber thread This item includes goods that are knitted (made from woollen or cotton thread using two long knitting needles or a machine) or crocheted (the crochet is a special thick needle with a hook at the end to make a pattern of connected threads). Therefore, they are 9

11 CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Other knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight 5% or more of lastomeric yarn or rubber thread supposed to be done by hand Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm of wool or fine animal hair Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm of cotton Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm of synthetic fibres Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm of artificial fibres Other knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm Knitted or crocheted fabrics, of a width exceeding 30 cm containing by weight 5% or more of elastomeric yarn but not containing robber thread Other knitted or crocheted fabrics, of a width exceeding 30 cm containing by weight 5% or more of elastomeric yarn or robber thread 10

12 CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Articles of jewellery and parts thereof of silver, whether or not plated or clad with other precious metal No distinction between handmade and manufactured products even at 8 digits level. In addition, the ornamental purpose of these items makes them inadequate to be included in the cultural scope (p.51). Jewellery Articles of jewellery and parts thereof of other precious metal, whether or not plated or clad with precious metal Articles of jewellery and parts thereof of base metal clad with precious metal Articles of goldsmiths' or silversmiths' wares and parts thereof of silver, whether or not plated or clad with other precious metal Articles of goldsmiths' or silversmiths' wares and parts thereof of other precious metal, whether or not plated or clad with precious metal Articles of goldsmiths' or silversmiths' wares and parts thereof of base metal clad with precious metal Although these items include objects made by artisans, for the purposes of heading 71.14, the expression articles of goldsmiths' or silversmiths' wares includes such articles as ornaments, tableware, toilet-ware, smokers' requisites and other articles of household, office or religious use Articles of natural or cultured pearls Articles of precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) No distinction between handmade and manufactured products even at 8 digits level. In addition, the ornamental purpose of these items makes them inadequate to be included in the cultural scope (p.51). 11

13 CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Photography Photographic plates and film, exposed and developed, other than cinematographic film for offset reproduction Photographic plates and film, exposed and developed (excl. for offset production) "Developed" means "treated with the chemical substance so that the contents can be seen". So, these products can be considered as cultural Printed reading books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter whether in single sheets whether or not folded Books Dictionaries and encyclopaedias and serial instalments thereof OK Printed books, brochures and similar printed matter Newspapers Newspapers, journals and periodicals, whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material appearing at least four times a week OK Books and press Other newspapers, journals and periodicals Children's picture, drawing or colouring books The expression "children's picture books" means books for children in which the pictures form the principal interest and the text is subsidiary but at page 298 of the ESSnet Report it is written that the NACE/CPA codes of the activities these items come from should be taken into account for a relevant measurement of the "Book and press domain" Suggestion: to move the Children's books under the group 'Books' Other printed matter Maps and hydrographical or similar charts of all kinds in book form Maps and hydrographical or similar charts of all kinds in globes Other maps and hydrographical or similar charts of all kinds On page 298 of the ESSnet Report it is written that the NACE/CPA codes of the activities these items come from should be taken into account for a relevant measurement of the "Book and press domain" Postcards, printed or illustrated; printed greeting cards Not fully sure about the cultural content of (some) postcards and greeting cards Calendars of any kind, printed, including calendar blocks That "any kind" could mean that several kinds of calendars are included in this item. Therefore, it is not possible to be sure about the cultural content of these goods. 12

14 CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Film and video Cinematograph film, exposed and developed whether or not incorporating sound track or only consisting of sound track of a width of 35 mm or more Cinematographic film, exposed and developed, whether or not incorporating soundtrack or consisting only of soundtrack, width < 35 mm "Developed" means "treated with the chemical substance so that the contents can be seen". Therefore, these products can be considered as cultural Video games used with television receiver?? Under the chapter devoted to the domain of Audio-visual and multimedia, it is noted that ' Comext allows the measure of foreign trade of goods from the audio-visual domain' but there is nothing about the items to be taken into account (page 322). Shouldn't we add video games to the scope providing that publishing of video games is included in the scope of economic activities? Audio-visual and Multimedia Cards incorporating a magnetic stripe Cards containing a magnetic stripe may have several purposes (credit/debit cards, etc.). In addition, either the most detailed level of this item does not allow to understand wether they can be considered as collection items Magnetic media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena These articles do not contain recordings Recorded media Semiconductor media, unrecorded, for the recording of sound or of other phenomena Gramophone records and other media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena, whether or not recorded, incl. matrices and masters for the production of discs These goods are devices for recording. They do not contain any recorded material They can be considered as collection items Television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders These goods are devices/instruments for recording/watching videos Music, printed or in manuscript, whether or not bound or illustrated OK 13

15 CODES - HS 'S COMMENTS Architecture Architecture and design Plans and drawings for architectural, engineering, industrial, commercial, topographical or similar purposes, being originals drawn by hand; hand-written texts; photographic reproductions on sensitised paper and carbon copies of the foregoing OK 14

16 6. FINAL SELECTION OF CULTURAL GOODS Eurostat proposes the following list of cultural goods on the basis of literature revision, analysis of ESSnet and frameworks and after consultation with experts. The table 2 below shows the list of products aggregated into thematic groups. The detailed codes composing the aggregates are provided in the table 3. Table 2: Final list of cultural goods aggregated according to relevant context domain DOMAIN AGGREGATE CONTENT HERITAGE ANTIQUES Stamps and collectors' pieces VISUAL ARTS WORKS OF ARTS Paintings, engravings, sculpture PHOTOGRAPHY Developed films PERFORMING ARTS MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Musical instruments and accessories ART CRAFTS CRAFTS Embroidery and knitted fabrics BOOKS Books and dictionaries BOOKS AND PRESS NEWSPAPERS Newspapers MAPS Maps AUDIO VISUAL AND FILM AND VIDEO Developed cinematographic films and video games MULTIMEDIA RECORDED MEDIA Gramophones, printed music or in manuscripts ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE Architecture plans and drawings

17 Table 3: Details of the final selection of cultural goods by Eurostat CODES - HS Postage or revenue stamps, stamp-postmarks, first-day covers, postal stationery (stamped paper), and the like, used or unused Heritage Antiques Collections and collectors' pieces of zoological, botanical, mineralogical, anatomical, historical, archaeological, paleontological, ethnographic or numismatic interest Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years Paintings, drawings and pastels, executed entirely by hand, other than drawings of heading 4906 and other than handpainted or hand-decorated manufactured articles, collages and similar decorative plaques Visual arts: Paintings, engravings, sculpture Collages and similar decorative plaques Original engravings, prints and lithographs Visual Arts Original sculptures and statuary, in any material Pictures, designs and photographs Photographic plates and film, exposed and developed, other than cinematographic film for offset reproduction Photography Photographic plates and film, exposed and developed (excl for offset production) Performing arts Musical instruments Upright pianos Grand pianos

18 CODES - HS Harpsichords and other keyboard stringed instruments (excl. pianos) Other string musical instruments (for example violins, harps) played with a bow Guitars, harps and other string musical instruments (excl. with keyboard and those played with a bow) Brass wind instruments (for example, clarinets, trumpets bagpipes) Wind musical instruments (excl. brass-wind instruments) Percussion musical instruments (for example drums, xylophones, cymbals, castanets, maracas) Keyboard instruments other than accordions Accordions and musical instruments without keyboards, the sound of which is produced, or must be amplified, electrically Musical boxes Fairground organs, mechanical street organs, mechanical singing birds, musical saws and other musical instrument; decoy calls of all kinds; whistles, call horn and other mouth blown sound signalling instruments Parts and accessories for pianos Parts and accessories for the musical instruments of heading

19 CODES - HS Parts and accessories for the musical instruments of heading Parts and accessories of other musical instruments Hand-woven tapestries of the type Gobelins, Flanders, Aubusson, Beauvais and the like and needle-worked tapestries Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs without visible ground Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs: Other embroidery of cotton Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs: Other embroidery of man-made fibres Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs: Other embroidery of other textile materials Art Crafts Crafts Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight 5% or more of elastomeric yarn but not containing rubber thread Other knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight 5% or more of elastomeric yarn or rubber thread Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm of wool or fine animal hair Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm of cotton Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm of synthetic fibres 18

20 CODES - HS Knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm of artificial fibres Other knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 cm Knitted or crocheted fabrics, of a width exceeding 30 cm containing by weight 5% or more of elastomeric yarn but not containing robber thread Other knitted or crocheted fabrics, of a width exceeding 30 cm containing by weight 5% or more of elastomeric yarn or robber thread Printed reading books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter whether in single sheets whether or not folded Books Dictionaries and encyclopaedias and serial instalments thereof Printed books, brochures and similar printed matter Children's picture, drawing or colouring books Not included by ESSnet but selected by Eurostat Books and press Newspapers Newspapers, journals and periodicals, whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material appearing at least four times a week Other newspapers, journals and periodicals Maps and hydrographical or similar charts of all kinds in book form Maps Maps and hydrographical or similar charts of all kinds in globes Other maps and hydrographical or similar charts of all kinds 19

21 CODES - HS Cinematograph film, exposed and developed whether or not incorporating sound track or only consisting of sound track of a width of 35 mm or more Cinematographic film, exposed and developed, whether or not incorporating soundtrack or consisting only of soundtrack, width < 35 mm Audio-visual and Multimedia Film and video Video games used with television receiver? Under the chapter devoted to the domain of Audio-visual and multimedia, it is noted that 'Comext allows the measure of foreign trade of goods from the audio-visual domain' but there is nothing about the items to be taken into account (page 322). Shouldn't we add video games to the scope providing that publishing of video games is included in the scope of economic activities? Recorded media Music, printed or in manuscript, whether or not bound or illustrated Gramophone records and other media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena, whether or not recorded, incl. matrices and masters for the production of discs Architecture Architecture and design Plans and drawings for architectural, engineering, industrial, commercial, topographical or similar purposes, being originals drawn by hand; hand-written texts; photographic reproductions on sensitised paper and carbon copies of the foregoing 20

22 7. DATA SOURCE AND CALCULATED INDICATORS The trade of cultural goods constitutes one of the key indicators in the domain of culture. This indicator is relatively easy to obtain as the data are available in the external trade database of Eurostat - Comext COMET The Comext database provides information on external trade by product for the European countries. The collection of data follows the EU Regulation on international trade statistics 3. Comext provides the intra and extra trade data for the EU but also for EFTA and Candidate countries. Several breakdowns are available for product dimension: CN, CPA or HS. Physically, the data are stored in distinct datasets according to the product classification and geographical group. The following dimensions can be identified in each dataset: ER declaring country PARTNER trading country or entity FLOW import, export PRODUCT traded goods according to a given product classification TIME time period REGIME specific regime (relevant for other than EU countries) INDICATOR volume of trade in euro or in kg or other 4 The Reporter dimension includes country declaring commercial transactions. In the Partner dimension the trade partners of declaring country are included. This dimension lists all the countries of the world. The Flow dimension distinguishes exports and imports. The Indicator dimension specifies the value or volume of traded products. The Product dimension contains the items by HS, CN or SITC depending on the dataset. It must be noted that datasets are based on unique product classification. It is not possible to combine two product classifications in one dataset. Concerning Time, both annual and monthly breakdown are available. The Comext data are updated regularly and the CN classification undergoes a regular revision to ensure it is kept up to date in the light of changes in the technology and international trade patterns. 3 Extra-EU trade legislation: Statistics relating to the trading of goods by the Community and its Member States with non-member countries are based on Regulation (EC) No 471/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 92/2010 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 113/2010. Intra-EU trade legislation: Statistics relating to the trading of goods between Members States are based on Regulation (EC) No 638/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1982/2004. For additional information: User guide on European statistics on international trade in goods 4 Volume of trade measured in kg or other are not relevant in this context.

23 7.2. CALCULATED INDICATORS Based on the extraction from Comext, several indicators can be calculated according to the main dimensions: flow and partner. Thus, the indicators will be computed separately for imports, exports and respectively for each partner category: world, intra-eu and extra-eu. Around the central categories the following measures can be computed for the total cultural trade and each product group individually: percentage of the total national trade, percentage of the total EU, percentage of the total cultural trade. Those statistics can be presented in one dataset as shown in table 4 below. A second table comprises the trade value of cultural goods in thousands of Euro for individual partners (see table 5). This table gives the evidence of the main partners by product for each individual country and at aggregated EU level as well. Other measures like percentages of the total trade or percentage of the total cultural trade are not recommended here because of the size of volumes that would give very small shares. Regarding the product dimension, it is suggested to group the cultural products into aggregates as presented in table 2. The trade of cultural goods is meaningful in terms of groups of products and not individual codes. Moreover the presentation of trade values at aggregated level is more users friendly and avoids the manipulation of tens of codes and assembling of the disparate items by the users themselves. The structure and content of the two envisaged tables are presented below. Table 4: Intra and extra-eu trade in cultural goods by product S BREAKDOWN COMMENT GEO EU MS, CC, EFTA EU Member states, EFTA and Candidate countries PERIOD SINCE 2002 There is no data available prior to 2002 FLOW PARTNER UNIT PRODUCT_HS IMP EP WORLD ET_EU28 INT_EU28 THS PC_TOT PC_EU28 PC ANTQ ARTS IMUS CRFT PHOT BOOK NWSP MAPS FILM MUSI ARCH Import Export All countries of the world as aggregate Extra-EU trade as aggregate Intra-EU trade as aggregate Thousands of Euro Percentage of total national trade Percentage of EU28 total Percentage of total cultural trade Antiques Works of arts: paintings, engravings, sculpture etc. Musical instruments Crafts Photography (developed films) Books Newspapers Maps Developed cinematographic films and video games Recorded media (gramophones and printed or manuscript music) Architecture and design 22

24 Table 5: Intra and extra-eu trade in cultural goods by partner S BREAKDOWN COMMENT GEO EU MS, CC, EFTA EU Member states, EFTA and Candidate countries PERIOD SINCE 2002 There is no data available prior to 2002 FLOW PARTNER IMP EP Individual partners WORLD ET_EU28 INT_EU28 Import Export All countries of the world All countries of the world as aggregate Extra-EU trade as aggregate Intra-EU trade as aggregate UNIT THS Thousands of Euro ANTQ Antiques PRODUCT_HS ARTS IMUS CRFT PHOT BOOK NWSP MAPS FILM MUSI ARCH Works of arts: paintings, engravings, sculpture etc. Musical instruments Crafts Photography (developed films) Books Newspapers Maps Developed cinematographic films and video games Recorded media (gramophones and printed or manuscript music) Architecture and design 23

25 8. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER QUESTIONS The list of cultural goods proposed by Eurostat constitutes an attempt of enrichment/upgrade of the ESSnet achievements without however stepping aside of the main stream developed in the same framework. All the added codes correspond to at least one of the criteria to be included in the cultural field. The list is an elaborated proposal and comments, remarks and suggestions are more than welcomed. The issue is still open for discussion but the present document will constitute a base for a common agreement. It is important to reach an agreement on the number of codes entering the scope and on the created aggregates as it has an impact on the Eurobase dataset. A Eurobase table is a fixed structure with a number of dimensions and categories defined within the existing dictionaries of variables. If a dimension or category/code is not reference in a global Eurobase dictionary, it must be created. For this reason it is important to agree on the list of products and on the content of aggregates, if any. The aggregates are proposed as being more adapted and meaningful in cultural trade than tens of individual codes. Bearing in mind those considerations, the responses to the below questions are essential for the establishment of the final list of products and for the creation of a sustainable data 8.1. Pending questions Please, take into consideration the following questions that will be raised during the WG: Regarding the list in general: 1. Do you agree with the proposed list of products? 2. Do you agree with the proposed aggregates? Do you suggest other groupings or carving of codes or groups of codes? Or the best solution is to present individual codes? Regarding some individual codes: 3. The item 'children's books' was not on the ESSnet list. Eurostat proposes to integrate it within the Books Children's picture, drawing or colouring books The code corresponds to NACE 5811 Book publishing and is listed among CPA 2008 codes to be taken into account p Under the ESSnet report chapter dedicated to the domain of Audio-visual and multimedia, it is stated that 'Comext allows the measure of foreign trade of goods from the audio-visual domain'. However, there is nothing specific about the items to be taken into account (page 322). 24

26 Eurostat proposes to add the cinematographic exposed and developed films as well as gramophones and music printed or in manuscript under the audio-visual domain Cinematograph film, exposed and developed whether or not incorporating soundtrack or only consisting of sound track of a width of 35 mm or more Cinematographic film, exposed and developed, whether or not incorporating soundtrack or consisting only of soundtrack, width < 35 mm 5. Do you agree on adding the gramophones and music printed or in manuscript in the scope as separate aggregate as Recorded media under the audio-visual domain? Gramophone records and other media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena, whether or not recorded, incl. matrices and masters for the production of discs Music, printed or in manuscript, whether or not bound or illustrated They can be considered as collection items It would correspond to CPA 2008 code 6. Shall we add video games to the scope providing that the publishing of video games is considered as a cultural economic activity (5821)? Video games used with television receiver Included under Film and Video by 7. Eurostat proposes the integration of developed and exposed photographic films in the scope under the Visual arts aggregated as Photography Photographic plates and film, exposed and developed, other than cinematographic film for offset reproduction "Developed" means "treated with the chemical substance so that the contents can be seen". So, these products can be considered as cultural. 25

27 Photographic plates and film, exposed and developed (excl. for offset production) 8. The CD's, tapes and DVD's are not referenced in the list. However, those articles were taken into account in the volume of cultural trade in the last Pocketbook. Shall we add the CD's and DVD's in the scope providing that under CN2014 we can make the distinction between recorded and not recorded media? It must be mentioned that quotes the 'Magnetic media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena' and 'Semiconductor media, unrecorded for the recording of sound and other phenomena' as cultural goods (HS2012) Optical media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena (excl. unrecorded and goods of chapter 37) (CN2014) Optical discs for laser reading systems, recorded, for reproducing sound only, of a diameter > 6,5 cm CD and DVD recorded CD (CN2014) Digital versatile discs "DVD", recorded, for reproducing sound and image or image only (excl. for reproducing representations of instructions, data, sound, and image recorded in a machine-readable binary form, and capable of being manipulated or providing interactivity to a user, by means of an automatic dataprocessing machine) DVD The WG is requested to give its opinion on the general list of products as well as on the issues related to individual codes as proposed by Eurostat 26