FORMULIZE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION MANAGEMENT BY INTEGRATING BIM AND LEAN

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_113 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed FORMULIZE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION MANAGEMENT BY INTEGRATING BIM AND LEAN A Arokiaprakash Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Construction Engineering and Management SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India Swetha Kannan Department of Civil Engineering, M.Tech in Construction Engineering and Management, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India S Manikanda Prabhu Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Construction Engineering and Management, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT The main aim of this paper is to form a conceptual analysis of the interaction of lean construction and BIM for improving construction. While the two are conceptually independent and separate, there appear to be synergies between them that extend beyond the essentially circumstantial nature. This was investigated by compiling a detailed listing of lean construction principles and BIM functionalities which are relevant from this perspective through detailed literature survey and interview with experts. Detailed questionnaire was developed based on the data collected from literature reviews and expert interviews, there by linking the lean principles with BIM functions by framing questions to rate the applicability of BIM in lean construction principles. The questionnaire was then distributed among various professionals in the construction industries in Chennai using software s under BIM. Finally based on the data collected through questionnaire survey a research analysis was carried out using statistical software to determine the weight age of each factor showing the possibility of the interaction between lean and BIM was then compiled. The goal of this paper is to both guide and stimulate research; as such, the approach adopted up to this point is constructive. Key words: BIM, Lean construction, adaptation of BIM, BIM and Lean interaction. Cite this Article: A Arokiaprakash, Swetha Kannan and S Manikanda Prabhu, Formulize Construction and Operation Management by Integrating BIM and Lean. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 A Arokiaprakash, Swetha Kannan and S Manikanda Prabhu 1. INTRODUCTION Lean and Building Information Modeling are very extraordinary terms in its own way, however both are impact sly affecting the construction industry. While the two are reasonably autonomous and independent, there give off an impression of being cooperative energies between them that reach out past the basically conditional nature which can be accomplished through quantitative study and by utilizing theoretical framework to demonstrate the collaborations between the two ideas. A thorough investigation on various collaborations between BIM and lean shows that a cooperative energy exists which, if appropriately comprehended in hypothetical terms, can be used to enhance development forms past how much it may be enhanced by use of both of these ideal models autonomously. Initially for improving the overall problems in the construction process a conceptual analysis on the various interactions between both BIM and lean construction are carried out. This was researched by gathering point by point information on lean construction principles standards and BIM functionalities which are applicable from this viewpoint through literature writing study and meeting with specialists. Detailed questionnaire was developed based on the data collected from literature reviews and expert interviews there by linking the lean principles by framing questions to rate the possibilities of BIM in lean construction.[7] 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Lean Construction Lean development alludes to the software and adjustment of the simple ideas and requirements of the Toyota production system (TPS) to development. Like within the TPS, the awareness in lean is on lessening of waste, increment of good sized really worth to the purchaser, and ceaseless change. even as a massive quantity of the standards and gadgets of the TPS are appropriate all matters taken into consideration in development, there are moreover requirements and gadgets in lean which might be unique with regards to those of the TPS.[3] 2.2. Building Information Modeling The BIM manual additionally states in its presentation that BIM gives "the purpose for brand new improvement capacities and changes in the parts and connections among companies on the point when accomplished suitably, BIM encourages a extra incorporated define and improvement put together that results in better best structures at lower price and dwindled assignment time period." on this feel, BIM is relied upon to present the established order to a portion of the consequences that lean improvement is needed to convey [2].The accompanying segments of this paper deliver a formal composition of this notion through characterizing the interrelationships among the two,that is finished via method for a the product that compares BIM functionalities and lean standards, units up the hypothetical connections amongst them, and distinguishes the beneficial interactions among them in utilization. [9] 2.3. Interaction between BIM and Lean BIM intrinsically gives many capabilities and methodologies to take away waste, sell a streamlined waft of labor and the delivery of fee to internal and outside clients. In an try to pinpoint new interactions, researchers have recognized academic and industry based totally initiatives, that have included BIM methodologies and have hired lean principles. [1]. The glossary of the BIM guide (Eastman et al. 2008) defines BIM as a verb or adjective phrase to describe equipment approaches and technology which can be facilitated through digital, editor@iaeme.com

3 Formulize Construction and Operation Management by Integrating BIM and Lean readable documentation approximately a building, its overall performance, its planning, its creation and later its operation. The result of BIM activity is a constructing data version.[4] BIM software equipment are characterized by using the capacity to compile digital fashions of homes the use of system readable parametric methods that showcase behavior commensurate with the need to design, analyze and check a constructing design [2], VisiLean has been advanced as studies software program, which presents integration between the tilt workflow and the BIM model, enabling simultaneous visualization of the product and manner version. VisiLean supports the ultimate Planner workflow, and is aimed to be utilized by the development groups on projects. Normal but, the project crew perceived the mixing of Lean.[3] It's been realized through research and exercise that lean introduction and building facts Modeling (BIM) have tremendous synergies, and may bring blessings if executed collectively. VisiLean has been advanced as research software program, which provides integration between the tilt workflow and the BIM version, permitting simultaneous visualization of the product and way version. VisiLean helps the closing Planner workflow, and is aimed to be used by the development businesses on projects. everyday but, the undertaking group perceived the mixing of Lean and BIM through VisiLean surely. as the implementation of lean and BIM is substantially new to infrastructure projects, the findings are of importance to capacity lean and BIM implementers within the infrastructure discipline, but, on a huge stage the findings are of interest to those inside the manufacturing industry wishing to put into effect Lean and BIM. [4] Construction productiveness is an important consideration in the construction industry. It s a famous fact that production productivity lags at the back of that of manufacturing. The occupational protection of the development enterprise is the worst while as compared to other industries and the excellent of the structures enterprise isn't always enough. creation, being one of the oldest industries, is considered as a hard and fast of activities aimed at a positive output. [5]Lean creation and BIM are two unexpectedly developing carried out research regions in the realm of creation management. both have justified their implementation with the aid of the substantial upgrades inside the fee, agenda and fine of construction. Lean construction ambitions to remove the wastes inside the production method even as BIM objectives for more collaboration the various task teams during the design and construction stages of a challenge. [6 3. METHODOLOGY This project mainly aims in bringing about the interactions between two distinctive concepts in the construction industry. Current problems in the AEC industry is found out through detailed literature review. Some of the most criticized issues within the industry are collected through detailed literature survey. Detailed hypothesis is carried out on how the project is to be carried out thereby developing a framework. The questionnaire was framed in such a way that the lean factors linking both the concepts are compiled and set by answering the applicability of these factors on the scale of 1 to 5. Initially the general problems in construction industry are identified through detailed literature survey and how by implementing both these concepts bring about the betterment in construction process. The most common problems that affect the overall construction process are listed below: In Cost/time overruns Inefficient (wasteful) processes Technological aversion The project aims to show that the possibility of interaction exists between both BIM and lean and that it can overcome these problems by using it together editor@iaeme.com

4 A Arokiaprakash, Swetha Kannan and S Manikanda Prabhu 3.1. Data Collection This includes the collection of factors from literature review, validating these factors from experts and preparing detailed questionnaire on these factors. This includes both interview with experts and questionnaire survey which includes the questions based on the collected factors from literature review and with expert interview. The questionnaire adopted is rating in the scale of 1 to 5. A total number of 63 respondents were surveyed from the central chennai. A ranking of the factors was achieved from the Relative Importance Index (RII) method and statistical package for the social sciences software (SPSS). The questionnaire is then analyzed using SPSS software to determine the weight age of the most influential factors such that it is possible to show that interaction exist between both lean and BIM Data Analysis by Relative Importance Index (RII) Method The data collected was manually analyzed by the RII method with the help of which a decimal figure for each factor is obtained which is known as its Importance index. This index is used to rank the factors. The factors are ranked according to their importance index from the highest weight age to lowest in descending order. These are done manually using excel. The top ranked factors are considered for the analysis using SPSS. Table 1 (RII) Relative importance index for the factors RANKING OF FARARCTORS BY RELATIVE IMPORTANCE INDEX (RII) METHOD FACTORS RII RANK Reduced change in orders by client Optimized redesign issues Reduced variability Predictability of project time Predictability of construction process Accuracy in drawings and documentation Continuous flow of activities Specification of value from end user perspective Project members aware of changes in construction Reduced errors in drawings Look ahead planning Integrating project members in understanding Enhanced visualization of final product Reduced reworks Planning of construction activities Controlled production of resources Collaboration between different disciplines Continuous improvement of construction process Conformance with design specification Reduced change in activities Creating effective schedule Redesign, errors conflict and collision Just in time delivery of materials Improved project performance by means of communication Maximizing the use of resources Eliminating non value adding activities Conflict detection Comparing actual performance with planned activities Improved planning during execution Detecting variabilities n early stages of design Communication in early stages of construction Interoperability and process transperencey Communication by data sharing Collaboration between stakeholders editor@iaeme.com

5 Formulize Construction and Operation Management by Integrating BIM and Lean 3.3. Factors Linking BIM and Lean The questionnaire was developed based on the factors collected from various relevant journals which clearly state the possible interactions between BIM and lean concept. These factors were then collected through detailed literature survey and arranged under different categories based on project time, overall project quality, communication among people involved in the project, wastages in the construction project. The questionnaire was distributed among different companies with 63 participants using BIM software s. The data collected was analyzed statistically and the results were interpreted. These factors are given below Project Time Software being used,,reduced reworks, reduced variability, look ahead planning, conflict detection, predictability of project time, reduced change in orders by client, less errors due to drawing and document, improved planning during execution Communication & Coordination within the project Communication by data sharing, improved performance due to communication, enhanced visualization of final product, collaboration between different disciplines, collaboration between stakeholders, interoperability and process transperancy, integrating members in understanding construction works, communication in early stages of construction Project Quality Project stakeholders aware of construction changes, planning of construction activities, predictability of construction process, redesign errors, conflicts and collisions, comparing actual performance with planned activities, detecting variability in early stages of construction, specification of value from end user, continuous improvement in construction Project Wastage Eliminating non value adding activities, creating effective schedule, maximizing the use of resources, reduced change in activity orders, controlled production of resources, just in time deliveries of materials, optimized redesign issues, accuracy in drawings and documentation. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 2 Reliability test for collected data Lean factors cronbach s alpha for probability cronbach s alpha for degree of impact Factors on project time Communication and collaboration within the project Lean Factors on Project quality Factors on project wastage Lean and BIM adaptation in construction industry Overall To estimate the reliability of the data collected for the study, internal consistency method was used. The internal consistency was measured using the cronbach s alpha coefficient. The cronbach s alpha value for each group is as shown below. As the cronbach s alpha value for each of the factors is more tha 0.7, hence the data collected is reliable. There is no need for editor@iaeme.com

6 A Arokiaprakash, Swetha Kannan and S Manikanda Prabhu questioning removing process which we would need to do if cronbach s alpha value is less. Thus the data collected could be used for further analysis Analysis by SPSS Software Top five ranked factors from the RII method are considered for the SPSS analysis as given below Rank 1: Reduced Change in Orders by Client REDUCED CHANGE IN ORDERS BY CLIENT DISAGREE NEUTRAL AGREE STRONGLY AGREE Valid Figure 1 Reduced change in orders by client The above table states that 39.7% of the survey participants strongly agree to the lean factor, 36% of the survey participants agree and 20.6% have neutral responses. The chart shows the overall percentage for the factor with majority of percentage agreeing to the factor. This shows that most of the survey participants strongly agree to the lean factor Rank 2: Optimized Redesign Issues STRONGLY DISAGREE OPTIMIZED REDESIGN ISSUES DISAGREE NEUTRAL AGREE STRONGLY AGREE Valid Figure 2 Optimized redesign issues The above table states that 42.9% of the survey participants strongly agree to the lean factor, 33.33% of the survey participants agree and % have neutral responses. The chart shows the overall percentage for the factor with majority of percentage a strongly greeing to the factor editor@iaeme.com

7 Formulize Construction and Operation Management by Integrating BIM and Lean Rank 3: Reduced Variability STRONGLY DISAGREE REDUCED VARIABILITY DISAGREE NEUTRAL AGREE STRONGLY AGREE Valid Figure 3 Reduced variability The above table states that 41.27% of the survey participants strongly agree to the lean factor, 33.33% of the survey participants agree and 14.02% have neutral responses. The chart shows the overall percentage for the factor with majority of percentage a strongly agreeing to the lean factors Rank 4: Predictability of Project Time STRONGLY DISAGREE PREDICTABILITY OF PROJECT TIME DISAGREE NEUTRAL AGREE STRONGLY AGREE Valid Figure 4 Predictability of project time The above table states that 33.33% of the survey participants strongly agree to the lean factor, 34.92% of the survey participants agree and 23.81% have neutral responses. The chart shows the overall percentage for the factor with majority of percentage agreeing to the lean factor Rank 5: Predictability of Construction Process STRONGLY DISAGREE PREDICTABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION PROCESS DISAGREE NEUTRAL AGREE STRONGLY AGREE Valid Figure 5 Predictability of construction process editor@iaeme.com

8 A Arokiaprakash, Swetha Kannan and S Manikanda Prabhu The above table states that 39.7% of the survey participants strongly agree to the lean factor, 36% of the survey participants agree and 20.6% have neutral responses. The chart shows the overall percentage for the factor with majority of percentage agreeing to the factor. The graphical representation of all the above factors is shown in fig One Way Annova Test for Factors ANNOVA sig value REDUCED REWORKS LOOK AHEAD PLANNING PREDICTABILITY OF PROJECT TIME LESS ERRORS DUE TO DRAWING AND COMMUNICATION BY DATA SHARING ENHANCED VISUALIZATION OF FINAL PRODUCT COLLABORATION BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS INTEGRATING MEMBERS IN UNDERSTANDING PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS AWARE OF PREDICTABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION PROCESS COMPARING ACTUAL PERFORMANCE WITH SPECIFICATION OF VALUE FROM END USER CONTINUOUS FLOW OF ACTIVITIES ELIMINATING NON VALUE ADDING ACTIVITIES MAXIMIZING THE USE OF RESOURCES CONTROLLED PRODUCTION OF RESOURCES OPTIMIZED REDESIGN ISSUES COST OF IMPLEMENTATION TRAINING AND HIRING NEW STAFFS CULTURE WITHIN THE INDUSTRY SAVES TIME RECOMMENDED FOR FUTURE NEEDS HARD TO IMPLEMENT CAN BE APPLIED IN STRONG ECONOMIES REQUIRES LAWS AND REGULATION DELIVERY TIME RESOURCE USAGE FACTORS Figure 6 Graph represents Significant P value for factors The above graph shows the factors in x-axis and the corresponding significant p values in y- axis, it shows that most of the values of the factors were found to be significant thereby having the significant p values less than 0.05 such that the assumed hypothesis is true hence the factors are applicable under the software s in BIM p< Rank Correlation Test for Factors A series of Pearson s rank-order correlations were conducted in order to determine if there were any relationships between the factors. Also correlation or deviation of the perspectives of different factors linking the lean with BIM concept was studied using rank correlation method and was concluded that the variation was still a considerable extent although most factors were common editor@iaeme.com

9 Formulize Construction and Operation Management by Integrating BIM and Lean Figure 7 Correlation values between factors The y axis shows the coefficient values with the factors in x axis, A two-tailed test of significance indicated the there was a significant positive relationship most of the factors were between 0.3 to 0.1 value thereby stating that most of the factors are related and has a positive relationship with each other Overall Chart for Lean Factors The overall percentage chart is prepared using SPSS based on the responses to the given questionnaire. the chart represents the percentage for each factor based on which it can be seen that the respondents agree and strongly agree to most of the lean factors applicability in BIM software and thereby stating the possibility of bringing about the same positive changes as in lean concept by implementing it in BIM platform and showing certain level of interaction exist between two concepts. The graph below shows the overall percentage for all the lean factors applicability in BIM platform. Most of the responses state that the participants agree to most of the factors and have a neutral response to some, with minimum having to disagree with the factors editor@iaeme.com

10 A Arokiaprakash, Swetha Kannan and S Manikanda Prabhu OVERALL PERCENTAGE CHART Communication in early stage of Integrating project stake holder in Greater inter oprability and process Collaboration b/w stake holders Overall Collaboration between Enhanced visualization Communication team for better Communication b/w project by Improved planning during execution Less errrs due to Document and Reduced Change in order during Greater predictability of Project Conflict deletion in design stage Lookahead planning Reduced variability in cal Storage Reduced rework Accuracy in documentation and Redisgn issues Proper planning Just in time of matrial optimized Controlled production of resource Reduced change in activity order Maxmize use of resources Effective Schedule f activities Eliminating Non value adding Conformance with design Flow of construction activities Continuous improvement in Specification of values from enduser variability in project activities Comparing planned and actual Reduced conflict and collision Predictability Planning of Construction activities Aware of Changes in Construction Factors Disagree Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree Figure 8 Overall percentages for factors 5. CONCLUSION The results shows that majority of the responses from the participants agreed that the lean factors are applicable in companies using BIM software s and the top factors from these survey are found to be Reduced change in orders by client Optimized redesign issue Optimized redesign issues Reduced variability, Reduced variability, Predictability of project time, Predictability of construction process,predictability of construction process Accuracy in drawings and documentation which has the most importance among the factors considered. Also correlation or deviation of the perspectives of different entities in a construction project was studied using rank correlation method and was concluded that the variation was till a editor@iaeme.com

11 Formulize Construction and Operation Management by Integrating BIM and Lean considerable extent although some factors were common. From the results it can be seen, firstly that certain interactions exist between both the concepts that could be seen through the survey responses showing that majority agree to the applicability of lean in BIM platform. Through these responses its seen that certain level of interactions does exist between the concepts and by implementing both the concepts together the overall project time, cost could be optimized to a limit and quality is increased to a considerable level. These results could be used for constructive research in the future and for improving the overall construction process by applying both BIM and lean concepts. REFERENCES [1] Azhar, Salman. "Building information modeling (BIM): Trends, benefits, risks, and challenges for the AEC industry." Leadership and Management in Engineering 11.3 (2011): [2] Bhatla, Ankit, and Fernanda Leite. "Integration Framework of BIM with the Last Planner System TM."." IGLC th Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction [3] Dave, Bhargav, et al. "Implementing lean in construction: Lean construction and BIM- CIRIA Guide C725." (2013). [4] Eastman, Chuck, et al. BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors. John Wiley & Sons, [5] Hamdi, Olfa, and Fernanda Leite. "BIM and lean interactions from the BIM capability maturity model perspective: A case study." Proceedings for the 20th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction [6] Hopp, Wallace J., and Mark L. Spearman. "To pull or not to pull: what is the question?." Manufacturing & service operations management 6.2 (2004): [7] Howell, Gregory A. "What is lean construction-1999." Proceedings IGLC. Vol [8] Khanzode, Atul, et al. "A guide to applying the principles of virtual design & construction (VDC) to the lean project delivery process." CIFE, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (2006). [9] Koskela, Lauri. "Lean production in construction." Lean construction (1997): 1-9. [10] Koskela, Lauri, et al. "The foundations of lean construction." Design and Construction: Building in Value. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann (2002). [11] Khan, Sheriz, and Patricia Tzortzopoulos. "Effects of the Interactions Between LPS and BIM on Workflow in Two Building Design Projects." In:, Kalsaas, BT, Koskela, L. & Saurin, TA, 22nd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. Oslo, Norway, Jun Vol. 2. IGLC and Akademika forlag, [12] Moghadam, Mansooreh, Aladdin Alwisy, and Mohamed Al-Hussein. "Integrated BIM/Lean base production line schedule model for modular construction manufacturing." Construction Research Congress editor@iaeme.com