Section 3 Building platform for the co-creation of new knowledge and value

Transcription

1 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly in Their Activities Section 3 Building platform for the co-creation of new knowledge value 1 The Importance of a Platform for Co-creation (1) Changes in the creation of knowledge value With the rapid development deepening of science technology in recent years, knowledge has become more sophisticated, specialized segmentalized. At the same time, in addition to this trend of sophistication deepening in already segmentalized areas, new sciences tend to be produced increasingly in domains where multiple fields are integrated. Sometimes, totally new knowledge is created in exchanges between fields of science that had been thought to have no relation. Science technology's relationship with society has also become deep complex. What society individuals want from science technology has also become more diverse. These changes have been accelerating. The knowledge abilities necessary for the creation of value in our ever-changing society have also become more diverse. In light of such circumstances, to create revolutionary knowledge value ahead of other countries of the world, it is indispensable to fuse further develop cutting-edge technologies in a wide range of scientific fields integrate the diverse viewpoints experiences of researchers. Innovation by a single organization, called closed innovation, has reached a limit. Open innovation, in which the diverse knowledge technologies of various organizations are used in the creation of innovative value, has become the main stream of innovation. As discussed in Chapter 1-3-1(3), ese R&D is still done mainly based on an in-house policy. lags behind the world in open innovation. The importance of teamwork by researchers with varied knowledge viewpoints has also been increasing in scientific research. The most recent movement in such teamwork is called open science, in which people with diverse backgrounds knowledge, including not only specialists but also lay people, get involved in scientific research through the Internet. In such circumstances, to create new knowledge value ahead of other countries of the world to make the Most Innovation-friendly in the World, it is not sufficient to develop a highly mobile human resource system a research environment in which diverse human resources are able to play active roles maximize the potential of individual human resources. It is indispensable to build platforms for co-creation by maximizing the mobility diversity of human resources. Members with varied knowledge, viewpoints ideas get together at such platforms, stimulating each other, integrating their knowledge, viewpoints ideas, creating results whose quality surpasses that of work done by these persons individually. First is that a platform for co-creation platform is a place where diverse human resources assemble have interchanges to produce new discoveries innovations. An organization that has leading-edge infrastructure human resources with knowledge experience serves as its core. Examples of such a platform include the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities, such as SPring-8, SACLA, J-PARC the

2 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly Their Activities supercomputer K computer, the Tsukuba Innovation Arena (TIA-nano). Second is that the platform for co-creation could be a place to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary Section 3 Building platform for the co-creation of new knowledge value R&D, which have not been achieved by existing organizations. The platform for co-creation is also expected to play a leading role in advancing system reformation is expected to become a hub where diverse 1 The Importance of a Platform for Co-creation human resources work together for co-creation. Examples of programs to create such platforms include the World (1) Premier Changes International in the creation Research of Center knowledge Initiative (WPI), value the Creation of Innovation Centers for Advanced Interdisciplinary With the rapid development Research Areas Program, deepening of the science Center of technology Innovation in (COI) recent Program. years, knowledge has Third become is that the more platforms sophisticated, for co-creation specialized can be used segmentalized. for the creation At the of results same time, through in addition stimulation to this trend of integration sophistication among researchers deepening who have in already diverse segmentalized flexible areas, ideas new sciences knowledge. tend The to be diverse produced human increasingly resources in necessary domains where for such multiple platforms fields for are co-creation integrated. will Sometimes, be recruited totally without new knowledge being bound is created by physical in exchanges restrictions between or scientific fields of fields science that domains. had been Examples thought include to have the no relation. Impulsing PAradigm Change through disruptive Science Technologies technology's (ImPACT) Program relationship with the society Future has Earth also Program. become deep complex. What society individuals want from science technology has also become more diverse. These changes have been (3) Human accelerating. resources The required knowledge for platforms abilities necessary for co-creation for the creation of value in our ever-changing society To create have new also knowledge become more diverse. value at platforms for co-creation, where human resources with diverse knowledge, In viewpoints light of such circumstances, ideas stimulate to each create other, revolutionary it is desired knowledge to have leaders value who ahead are able of other to take countries a of bird s-eye the view world, of the it is project indispensable integrate to fuse interdisciplinary further develop knowledge. cutting-edge To foster technologies human resources in a wide who range of display such scientific leadership, fields education integrate based the on diverse Design viewpoints Thinking is experiences effective. Education of researchers. utilizing the Design Thinking method Innovation has by been a single initiated organization, at the i.school called of the closed innovation, of Tokyo has reached at the a limit. Graduate Open School innovation, in of which Design the diverse Management knowledge (SDM) of technologies Keio. of various organizations are used in the creation of MEXT innovative has been value, promoting has become the development the main of stream the human of innovation. resources As described discussed above. in Chapter The ministry 1-3-1(3), will ese begin the R&D Enhancing is still done Development mainly based of Global on an in-house Entrepreneur policy. (EDGE) Program lags behind FY2014 the world with in open the aim innovation. of building innovation The importance ecosystems of teamwork 1. This by program researchers supports with universities varied knowledge that develop viewpoints implement has also been education increasing programs in which scientific assimilate research. Design The most Thinking. recent The movement universities in such foster teamwork human resources is called open who science, are in able to identify which people issues with by themselves, diverse backgrounds find solutions knowledge, through approaches including not that only integrate specialists liberal but arts also lay people, sciences, get involved commercialize in scientific the results research of through R&D through the Internet. the collaboration of diverse human resources. Design Thinking In such circumstances, is being integrated to create in some new cases knowledge of the Program value ahead for Leading of other Graduate countries Schools, of the which world to started make in FY2011. the Toward Most developing Innovation-friendly human resources in who the will World, play it active is not roles sufficient in platform to develop for a highly co-creation, mobile it is human required resource that such system education a as research stated above environment be actively in which continued. diverse human resources are able to It is also play required active roles that people maximize who have the experience potential of in R&D individual as researchers human resources. managers It is indispensable at companies to build take active platforms roles as for program co-creation directors by maximizing of various projects the mobility coordinators diversity of of facilities. human resources. Members with varied knowledge, viewpoints ideas get together at such platforms, stimulating each other, integrating 2 Approaches to Building Platforms for Co-creation their knowledge, viewpoints ideas, creating results whose quality surpasses that of work done by Existing these approaches persons individually. for building platforms for co-creation in Section 1 are introduced Public Utilization of Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities below. First is that a platform for co-creation platform is a place where diverse human resources assemble have interchanges to produce new discoveries innovations. An organization that has leading-edge infrastructure human resources with knowledge experience serves as its core. Examples of such a 1 The system accelerates innovation by securing the involvement of players that function together like organisms in an ecosystem. platform include the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities, such as SPring-8, SACLA, J-PARC the

3 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly in Their Activities Establishment of the National (MEXT) Basic Policy for the Promotion of Public Utilization of Large Research Facilities Approval of implementation plans RIKEN Development of next-generation supercomputers, Development, management operation of the Specific High-speed Computer Facilities the like Development, management operation of the SPring-8/SACLA open-use facilities the like Atomic Energy Agency Development, management operation of the open-use facilities in the Specific Advanced Neutron Beam Facility the like Research institutions that have a high potential for developing advanced research facilities are in charge of development of such facilities. Coordination Approval of implementation plans operational rules; issuance of improvement orders (Public Utilization) Registration organization External experts Selection of proposals (Selection of research proposals to decide users of the facility, with advice provided by external experts) Support for facility use (support for information provision consultation) To promote the fair efficient open use of the facilities, an organization that is other than the development organization that has experts on research regarding the facilities is in charge of open-use promotion User needs Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities Advanced large research facilities that have the world s highest performance level whose maximum capabilities are unleashed when the facilities are well utilized in diverse, wide-ranging research fields Specific Advanced Neutron Beam Facilities (J-PARC neutron beam facility) Specific High-speed Computer Facilities (Supercomputer K Computer ) Specific Synchrotron Radiation Facilities (SPring-8 SACLA) Fair selection of proposals Information provision, research consultation, technical guidance the like Active use by researchers from diverse fields Application for use Users (private companies, universities, independent administrative agencies: a wide range of uses, from fundamental research to industrial applications Independent administrative agencies Universities Private companies Outline of the Act on the Promotion of Public Utilization of the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities Courtesy of MEXT the open use of advanced large research facilities equipment is useful for the effective utilization of those facilities. At the same time, such promotion effectively contributes to the creation of new knowledge exchanges of human resources through progress in research collaboration the development of domains of integrated disciplines. The government, based on the Act on the Promotion of Public Utilization of the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities (Act No. 78 of June 29, 1994), has been promoting the stable operation of large-scale high-tech research facilities. These facilities enjoy unrivaled capabilities are expected to be utilized by researchers from wide areas of industry, academia government institutions. Specifically, the government has designated the Super Photon ring-8 GeV (SPring-8), the X-ray Free Electron Laser (SACLA), a neutron radiation facility the supercomputer K computer of the Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) as Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities. Joint research has been promoted by using these facilities by utilizing the strengths of researchers from industry-university-government institutions. For example, Kyushu Ibaraki worked in collaboration with the Comprehensive Research Organization for Science Society, which supports users of the Public Beamline of J-PARC, they succeeded in developing the world's first H 2 -activation medium using economical iron instead of costly precious metals. A research group from Hokkaido, Tokyo of Pharmacy Life Sciences, a private research institution, RIKEN (which is in charge of development operation of SACLA) the Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) succeeded in observing live cells at nanometer resolution, a world s first. These facilities also contribute to the fostering securing of young human resources, who will take

4 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly Their Activities the main role in developing science technology in the future. The SPring-8 program, for example, supports graduate course students by providing seeds research subjects that help the students to work as Section 3 Building platform for the co-creation of new knowledge value researchers. The programs at the supercomputer K computer are for fostering human resources who will support the basis of research in the future. The young researchers are able to use the facility as a part of the public-use 1 The quota Importance reserved for subjects of a Platform fostering for young Co-creation human (1) Changes in the creation of knowledge value Establishment With the of rapid the Tsukuba development Innovation deepening Arena (TIA) of science technology in recent years, knowledge has resources. In June become 2009, more TIA, sophisticated, a world-class specialized research base for segmentalized. industry-university-government At the same time, in collaboration addition to this was trend of established sophistication Tsukuba Science deepening City, in where already research segmentalized facilities areas, human new sciences resources tend related to be produced to advanced increasingly nanotechnology in domains are where accumulated. multiple The fields Cabinet are integrated. Office, MEXT, Sometimes, METI totally new the knowledge Business is created Federation in exchanges (Nippon between Keidanren) fields support of science this that research had been base. thought The core to have organizations no relation. of the base are the National Institute of Science Advanced technology's Industrial Science relationship Technology with society (AIST), has also the become National deep Institute complex. for Materials What society Science individuals (NIMS), Tsukuba want from science the technology High Energy has also Accelerator become Research more diverse. Organization. These changes Six core have been research accelerating. domains 1, for The which knowledge accumulated abilities research necessary infrastructures for the 2 creation are able to of be value utilized, in our were ever-changing designated. society R&D utilizing have also the become base has more been diverse. conducted by more than 80 universities 220 companies as of March 31, Researchers In light of such research circumstances, organizations to create from revolutionary industry, universities knowledge government value ahead have of other assembled countries of been the integrated world, it in is R&D indispensable activities across to fuse the borders further of develop organizations. cutting-edge technologies in a wide range of Tsukuba scientific Power-Electronics fields integrate Constellations, the diverse an open viewpoints innovation experiences R&D base with of researchers. a private-sector initiative, was established Innovation in April by 2012 a single by the organization, public industry called with closed the innovation, aim of it becoming has reached an independent a limit. Open center innovation, of in which the diverse knowledge technologies of various organizations are used in the creation of Private innovative companies value, in the has fields become of materials, the main stream of innovation. As discussed in Chapter 1-3-1(3), ese systems technological application R&D (upstream is still done - downstream) mainly based on an in-house policy. lags behind the world in open innovation. The importance of teamwork by researchers with varied knowledge viewpoints has also been Independent administrative institutions Private increasing in scientific research. The most recent movement in such teamwork is called open science, in Private which people with Funds, diverse personnel, backgrounds knowledge, including not only Joint research body specialists but also lay people, Private materials, Research facilities involving private topics get involved in scientific research through companies the Internet. Private In such Private circumstances, to create new knowledge value ahead of other countries of the world to Students, make the Most New Innovation-friendly businesses in the World, Human resource it is not sufficient to develop a highly Private development mobile human resource system a research environment in which diverse human resources are able to play active roles maximize the potential of individual human resources. It is indispensable to build platforms for co-creation by maximizing the mobility diversity of human resources. Members with varied knowledge, viewpoints ideas get together at such platforms, stimulating each other, integrating their knowledge, viewpoints Schematic of Open ideas, Innovation Joint creating Research results involving whose private quality companies surpasses that of work done by Outline these persons of the individually. collaborative research body for open innovation joined by the private sector Courtesy of METI First is that a platform for co-creation platform is a place where diverse human resources assemble have interchanges to produce new discoveries innovations. An organization that has leading-edge infrastructure human resources with knowledge experience serves as its core. Examples of such a platform include the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities, such as SPring-8, SACLA, J-PARC the 1 Nano electronics (nano CMOS, silicon photonics, etc.), N-MEMS (high-value added (high-value added production of many types of products mass production of integrated N-MEMS), carbon nanotubes (demonstration of mass production of CNT the development of materials for diverse uses CNT integrated materials), power electronics (integrated R&D demonstration of power semiconductors: from SiC substrate to device to system), Nano Green (research on environmental technologies using nanotechnology), safety evaluation of nano materials (correction evaluation of the data related to the safety of nano materials from around the world). 2 Nanodevice Research Foundry (trial manufacturing, demonstration, evaluation of prototype devices, SiC power devices are done at this base); Networking School of Nanotechnology (Tsukuba, together with related universities, serves as a graduate school of nanotechnology); Nanotech Open User Facilities (Research facility owned by AIST NIMS for open use by researchers from industry-university-government institutions (used for nano-measurement, nano-processing, etc.))

5 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly in Their Activities sustainable power electronics R&D. At the base, the development of young human resources, the mutual use of intellectual property the development of facilities for open use have been promoted. In FY2013, the number of companies participating in this research base exceeded 30. ese-style open innovation has been promoted at this base through the formation of vertically integrated collaborative research teams that work consistently from the development of raw materials to applications. In March 2014, a new core domain for R&D collaboration was established to promote collaborative research in the existing core research domains to create new core research domains. By utilizing the open research environment of the High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, the co-creation of new knowledge will be promoted in this new core domain through exchanges in R&D among four core organizations. Since FY2010, the Tsukuba Nanotechnology Human Resource Development Program, a collaborative program for industry, academia independent administrative corporations, has been implemented, with Tsukuba acting as the central organization. Human resources with basic abilities, broad views, the ability to identify themes are being developed through the utilization of TIA infrastructure participation in research conducted at the Implementation of the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) TIA. MEXT has been promoting WPI (See Part I,, Section 2, 3 (5).) At each research base, under the strong leadership of the director of the base, chief researchers who are front-runners in R&D in their fields have been working. The number of chief researchers at each research base varies from 10 to over 20. The language used in the research environment is basically English, because about 30% to 55% of the researchers are non-ese. A research environment for co-creation by diverse human resources has been created at each base, where many types of support, including capable research aid personnel, are provided. Kavli Institute for the Physics Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) of the of Tokyo, one of the bases for this program, has been working to identify the matter that makes up the universe. Kavli IPMU has been producing many research results, including a computer simulation that clarifies that the first stars, which had been thought to be several Researchers enjoying tea time discussions at the cafe in the research building of Kavli IPMU (WPI hundreds of times as heavy as the sun, were base) really only about 40 times as heavy as the sun. Courtesy of Kavli Institute for the Physics Mathematics of the Universe (The of Tokyo) The buildings of the base facilities are designed so that researchers from diverse disciplines cultures can naturally meet communicate. Discussions are often held at a café space where all the researchers at the base get together at 3 p.m. for tea Implementation of the Program for the Creation of Innovation Centers for Advanced Interdisciplinary time. Research Areas

6 The implementation of a system of industry-academia collaboration that realizes innovations whose cores are the seeds found by universities other research institutions in advanced interdisciplinary fields Section 3 Building platform for the co-creation of new knowledge value Next-generation Researcher/Engineer education Advanced 1 The Importance of a Platform for Co-creation core technologies (universities) (1) Changes in the creation of knowledge value With the rapid development deepening of science The creation of centers for advanced interdisciplinary technology in recent research years, knowledge has The creation of centers for Developing a system cooperation become moreofsophisticated, specialized segmentalized. At the same time, in addition to this trend of industry-academia collaboration that promotes sophistication deepening in already segmentalized areas, newsocioeconomically sciences tendsignificant to be produced increasingly innovation Component in domains where multiple fields are integrated. Sometimes, totally new knowledge is created in exchanges Development technologies capability (businesses) (Participation by Cooperation with companies universities) advanced fields those in to otherhave no relation. privatebeen thought between fields of science that had Science technology's relationship with society has also become deep complex. What society individuals want from science technology has also become more diverse. These changes have been accelerating. The knowledge abilities necessary for theinterdisciplinary creation of valueresearch in our ever-changing society Outline of the Creation of Innovation Centers for Advanced Areas Courtesy of MEXT have also become more diverse. In light of such circumstances, to create revolutionary knowledge value ahead of other countries of Since 2006, MEXT has been promoting the formation of R&D bases under programs of the Creation of the world, it is indispensable to fuse further develop cutting-edge technologies in a wide range of Innovation Centers for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Areas. From a long-term perspective, these scientific fields integrate the diverse viewpoints experiences of researchers. bases are particularly important for innovation in advanced integrated science fields. At each base, Innovation by a single organization, called closed innovation, has reached a limit. Open innovation, in teams pursuing industry-university-government collaboration are conducting R&D from the basic level, which the diverse knowledge technologies of various organizations are used in the creation of putting the results into practical application. At the same time, the education of researchers innovative value, has become the main stream of innovation. As discussed in Chapter 1-3-1(3), ese engineers who will play major roles in the next generation is being promoted. R&D is still done mainly based on an in-house policy. lags behind the world in open innovation. Tokyo Women s Medical, one of the bases for this program, has been conducting projects The importance of teamwork by researchers with varied knowledge viewpoints has also been under the Advanced Interdisciplinary Center for the Establishment of Regenerative Medicine (CSTEC) increasing in scientific research. The most recent movement in such teamwork is called open science, in Program since 2006, while striving to establish collaboration systems with diverse research bodies in which people with diverse backgrounds knowledge, including not only specialists but also lay people, abroad. The university aims at developing world's-first technology in regenerative medicine, which is get involved in scientific research through the Internet. done multidisciplinarily1. The technology integrates cell sheet engineering medicine. The university In such circumstances, to create new knowledge value ahead of other countries of the world to also aims at the dissemination commercialization of the developed techniques. make the Most Innovation-friendly in the World, it is not sufficient to develop a highly At this base, the world's first clinical research on the use of cell sheets on the cornea myocardium mobile human resource system a research environment in which diverse human resources are able to were conducted with private companies. World's-first clinical application of the results was also achieved play active roles maximize the potential of individual human resources. It is indispensable to build with success in transplanting cell sheets that were transported by air. The base holds seminars related to platforms for co-creation by maximizing the mobility diversity of human resources. Members with regenerative medicine provides systematic medical educational programs. Human resource varied knowledge, viewpoints ideas get together at such platforms, stimulating each other, integrating development has been promoted, not only of doctors researchers in the engineering their knowledge, viewpoints ideas, creating results whose quality surpasses that of work done by pharmaceutical sciences but also of people who will contribute to collaboration among researchers of these persons individually. diverse fields. Building the Center of Innovation (COI) for industry-academia collaboration MEXT has been implementing the Center of Innovation Science Technology based Radical First is that a platform for co-creation platform is a place where diverse human resources assemble Innovation Entrepreneurship Program (COI STREAM) since have interchanges to produce new discoveries innovations. An organization that has leading-edge infrastructure human resources with knowledge experience serves as its core. Examples of such a This means that multiple doctors medical specialists who specialize in diverse fields make treatment plans are involved in treatments. platform include the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities, such as SPring-8, SACLA, J-PARC the Part 1 Building a Human ThatDirection Chapter 2 Efforts HumanMaking Innovation-friendly in Their Activities

7 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly in Their Activities for the Sites Backcasting A vision of society in 10 years Changes in human resources The securing of the sustainability of society in an advanced country with an aging population a declining birthrate: Smart Life Care; Ageless Society The development of an affluent living environment ( becoming a prosperous, well-respected country): Smart Changes in society Developing a vigorous, sustainable society; fostering Active Sustainability Interdisciplinary collaborative R&D topics Visionary leaders Visionary leaders assess manage the sites. COI Sites Private companies, municipalities Headquarters for strategy development operation of the sites for R&D - Project leaders (with promotion experience at private companies): operating the sites - Research leaders: directing the R&D Collaboration Universities Creating successive innovations Satellites R&D division Operations division Researchers Operating with support from the JST MEXT with resources provided by private companies Promotion system of the Center of Innovation for industry-academia collaboration Courtesy of MEXT This program is aimed at making radical innovation happen. For that purpose, future social visions are identified first, taking social needs into account. Based on these visions, revolutionary R&D themes are determined with a 10-year perspective. Subsequently, R&D on the determined themes is promoted s radical innovations under academia-industry collaboration by interdisciplinary regional collaborative teams. Centers had been selected as COI sites, as of the end of FY2013. At each COI site, a Project Leader appointed from industries serves as a head of the site, leading R&D to realize radical innovations with free flexible thinking. In addition, a Research Leader is appointed from universities plays an important role in integrating all knowledge resources, promoting R&D projects. Therefore, balanced collaboration under the balanced leadership of the Project Leader the Research Leader is a key to co-creation under the program. The Last 5X Innovations for the Lively Life, selected as a COI site, consists of more than 30 private companies, universities, Kyoto Prefecture Kyoto City. Kyoto private companies lead R&D on the following themes: life-monitoring technologies using cordless ICT technologies; energy-saving technologies; preventive advanced medical 1 technologies based on data accumulated from genome cohort studies; advanced medical technologies that realize early treatment recovery. This site is aimed at creating a safer society in which elderly people can be monitored wherever whenever they are, through the commercialization of the developed technologies. 1 "Advanced medicine" means medical technologies for preventing or delaying the onset of diseases by onset prediction presymptomatic diagnosis conducting therapeutic intervention before disease onset

8 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly Their Activities Section 3 Building platform for the co-creation of new knowledge value The Council for Science Technology Policy (CSTP) started 1 The Importance of a Platform for Co-creation the program for the ImPACT in FY2013. (1) The Changes program in the aims creation to of knowledge value establish a With system the for rapid the development creation deepening of science technology in recent years, knowledge has of discontinuous become more innovations sophisticated, 1 specialized segmentalized. At the same time, in addition to this trend of which, sophistication if realized, bring deepening about in already segmentalized areas, new sciences tend to be produced increasingly changes in in domains society. where The program multiple fields are integrated. Sometimes, totally new knowledge is created in exchanges also aims between at fields showcasing of science the that had been thought to have no relation. activities Science of such programs technology's as relationship with society has also become deep complex. What society models individuals of behavior want for from future science technology has also become more diverse. These changes have been innovation accelerating. projects. The Under knowledge this abilities necessary for the creation of value in our ever-changing society program, have to also promote become attempts more diverse. in high-risk/high-impact In light of research, such circumstances, carefully to create revolutionary for implementing knowledge the Program value for ahead the ImPACT of other countries of selected program managers (hereinafter: Courtesy of CSTP the world, it is indispensable to fuse further develop cutting-edge technologies in a wide range of PMs) who scientific have excellent fields ideas integrate are the given diverse broad viewpoints authority are experiences expected to of create researchers. innovations together with excellent Innovation researchers. by a single organization, called closed innovation, has reached a limit. Open innovation, in The CSTP which has the started diverse recruiting knowledge PMs, technologies dramatically of various improving organizations industrial are competitiveness used in the creation of overcoming innovative serious value, social has problems become by the setting main stream five themes of innovation. 2 that make As discussed it possible in to Chapter integrate 1-3-1(3), varied ese knowledge R&D is to still employ done mainly diverse based technological on an in-house approaches. policy. The PM lags is expected behind the to world make a in project open innovation. plan based on ideas The importance concepts of teamwork to organize by a researchers team with realization varied of knowledge the plan. It is viewpoints expected that has the also been PM will increasing manage the in project scientific flexibly research. The the most achievement recent movement of the goal. in such In organizing teamwork is a team, called the open PM science, is in expected which to use people insight with in diverse recruiting backgrounds diverse human knowledge, resources. including Researchers not only from specialists various but fields also lay people, disciplines get collaborate involved in in scientific innovation research by assembling through the diverse Internet. knowledge beyond the constraints of existing fields disciplines. In such circumstances, to create new knowledge value ahead of other countries of the world to PMs are make planned to the be Most selected Innovation-friendly in June 2014, the R&D in projects the World, will be it started is not sufficient in to develop a highly mobile human resource system a research environment in which diverse human resources are able to The promotion play active of roles activities maximize under Future the potential Earth of individual human resources. It is indispensable to build October. In June platforms 2012, international for co-creation academic by maximizing organizations, the mobility UN agencies diversity groups of human of funding resources. agencies Members 3 with announced varied the knowledge, launch of Future viewpoints Earth, a ideas new get initiative together which at such provides platforms, an international stimulating each framework other, integrating for global environmental their knowledge, change viewpoints research ideas, integrates creating a number results of existing whose international quality surpasses research that programs of work in done by a more solution-oriented these persons individually. way. Future Earth is characterized by co-design co-production by science 1 Example of discontinuous innovation (The innovation was done not by building up technologies on the basis of existing technologies products.): (The development of a fuel-cell vehicle in an industry in which gasoline-powered vehicles have been the norm) 2 1) Freedom from restriction of resources, revolution in craftsmanship (New Millennium ese Way of Value Creation). 2) Realization of a revolutionary energy-saving eco-society with a different lifestyle (symbiosis with the earth). 3) Realization of a society with high functionality that surpasses the information network society (a smart community that connects humans society). 4) Provision of the world's most comfortable living environment in a society with declining birth rates demographic aging (the realization of a healthy comfortable life for everybody). 5) Minimization of damage from natural disasters hazards beyond human understing by controlling their influence (the realization of resilience that makes every citizen feel safe). 3 The International Council for Science (ICSU), the International Social Science Council (ISSC), UNESCO, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Belmont Forum (a group of research funding agencies), the International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change Research (IGFA) First is that a platform for co-creation platform is a place where diverse human resources assemble have interchanges to produce new discoveries innovations. An organization that has leading-edge infrastructure human resources with knowledge experience serves as its core. Examples of such a platform include the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities, such as SPring-8, SACLA, J-PARC the Implementation of the Impulsing PAradigm Change through disruptive Technologies (ImPACT)

9 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly in Their Activities A Global environmental issue (e.g., climate change) society. Researchers from a broad range of disciplines countries work in partnership with various Emerging issues stakeholders from private, public (e.g., poor harvests) voluntary sectors at every step, from The U.N. Intl. academic organizations planning research projects to Funding Researchers organizations Municipalities Natural submitting proposals to funding sciences Private Intl. NGOs, NPOs organizations, after the Humanities companies submitted proposals are adopted, to promoting implementation of the research dissemination of the results. It aims to ensure that the results are used by the stakeholders, Showing methods for resolving issues Implementing the solutions in society Building a sustainable society Future Earth Social sciences Residents Intl. Headquarters Networking-type research Media the results are applied to problems, finally, the transition to global sustainability is accelerated. Flow from the emergence of a problem to its solution Courtesy of MEXT Future Earth recommends that each country promote international collaborative research domestic research in line with three themes: Dynamic Planet, Global Development Transformation s Sustainability. To start full-fledged 10-year research initiatives in 2015, an interim secretariat of Future Earth was established in 2013 the way forward is being discussed. As the initiative is being officially launched, it is expected that world-scale co-creation across national borders disciplines will be promoted by industry-university-government-private sector collaboration by the involvement of stakeholders from the planning stage of research. 3 Utilization of Research Development (R&D) Institutions as Platforms for Co-creation As stated above, several approaches are being taken for forming platforms for co-creation. To create new knowledge value continuously in our country, it is necessary to accelerate exp the movements of creation that have been initiated under the programs stated above. To that end, it is effective to maximize the utilization of independent administrative corporations for R&D as platforms for co-creation as hubs of networks in various fields sectors. The independent administrative institutions that specialize in R&D were newly classified under the Basic Policy Concerning Reform, etc. of Independent Administrative Institutions as independent administrative corporations for R&D. The independent administrative corporations are organizations that address challenges that are difficult for universities private companies to meet. Under the business operation principle of doing research efficiently effectively, the primary objective of an independent administrative corporation is maximization of research results. R&D is characterized by requiring long-term work by being uncertain, unpredictable specialized. In light of such characteristics the need to maximize R&D results, the independent administrative corporations are required to secure far more flexible work operation than that of former organizations. Salaries allowances the procurement of materials services are included in items to be treated flexibly

10 Part 1 Building a Human Chapter 2 Efforts That Direction Human Making Innovation-friendly Their Activities R&D corporations are expected to develop as platforms for co-creation by effectively utilizing their characteristics flexibly recruiting diverse human resources with varied knowledge, viewpoints Section 3 Building platform for the co-creation of new knowledge value ideas from abroad whenever necessary in the progress of projects. It is also expected that the corporations will form industry-university-government consortia will 1 The Importance of a Platform for Co-creation serve as the hubs of networks by employing approaches used by world-leading public R&D organizations abroad. (1) By assembling Changes in researchers the creation from of universities knowledge industries, value the creation of seeds for innovative technologies With will the be rapid enhanced. development At the same deepening time, of the science private corporations technology in will recent promote years, prompt knowledge has commercialization become more of sophisticated, the research results. specialized Private companies segmentalized. are able At the to same grow time, out of in a addition self-sufficiency to this trend of policy of sophistication R&D utilize deepening human networks in already through segmentalized the formation areas, of new consortia. sciences tend The to promotion be produced of open increasingly innovation domains by industry-university-government where multiple fields are integrated. collaboration Sometimes, is expected totally as a new result knowledge of the above-mentioned is created in exchanges initiatives. between fields of science that had been thought to have no relation. Further Science examinations technology's on the relationship precise system, with society organization has also become operation deep of complex. the independent What society administrative individuals R&D want corporations from science will be conducted. technology It has is necessary also become to strive more to diverse. make these These corporations changes have been into organizations accelerating. that The lead knowledge the science, technology abilities necessary innovation for the of creation. of value in our ever-changing society have also become more diverse. In light of such circumstances, to create revolutionary knowledge value ahead of other countries of the world, it is indispensable to fuse further develop cutting-edge technologies in a wide range of scientific fields integrate the diverse viewpoints experiences of researchers. Innovation by a single organization, called closed innovation, has reached a limit. Open innovation, in which the diverse knowledge technologies of various organizations are used in the creation of innovative value, has become the main stream of innovation. As discussed in Chapter 1-3-1(3), ese R&D is still done mainly based on an in-house policy. lags behind the world in open innovation. The importance of teamwork by researchers with varied knowledge viewpoints has also been increasing in scientific research. The most recent movement in such teamwork is called open science, in which people with diverse backgrounds knowledge, including not only specialists but also lay people, get involved in scientific research through the Internet. In such circumstances, to create new knowledge value ahead of other countries of the world to make the Most Innovation-friendly in the World, it is not sufficient to develop a highly mobile human resource system a research environment in which diverse human resources are able to play active roles maximize the potential of individual human resources. It is indispensable to build platforms for co-creation by maximizing the mobility diversity of human resources. Members with varied knowledge, viewpoints ideas get together at such platforms, stimulating each other, integrating their knowledge, viewpoints ideas, creating results whose quality surpasses that of work done by these persons individually. First is that a platform for co-creation platform is a place where diverse human resources assemble have interchanges to produce new discoveries innovations. An organization that has leading-edge infrastructure human resources with knowledge experience serves as its core. Examples of such a platform include the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities, such as SPring-8, SACLA, J-PARC the