Geography, Demography, Ecology, and Society

Transcription

1 Geography, Demography, Ecology, and Society Associate Professor Amporn W. Tamronglak, Ph.D. TU 120 Integrated Social Sciences Thammasat University amporn w. tamronglak 1

2 Read Chapter 5 Hunt and Colander (2011) amporn w. tamronglak 2

3 Geography How many countries can you identify on the world map? How many countries are there in the world? How many countries are members of the United Nations (UN)? The non-members of UN are amporn w. tamronglak 3

4 amporn w. tamronglak 4

5 amporn w. tamronglak 5

6 Demography What is demography? The study of the number and characteristics of a population: the causes of decreasing or increasing number of population, including health care and sanitation, distribution of people by age, gender, marital status, occupation, income, nationality, and race. amporn w. tamronglak 6

7 World Population In the beginning of the 20th century the entire world population was less than 2 billion people Today the current world population has exceeded billions by far (, ucts/vitstats/sets/series_a_2011.pdf amporn w. tamronglak 7

8 ! "# #!$ ' %& ( ) ( * &+, * -.,# amporn w. tamronglak 8

9 The most populated countries of the world! "! #$% amporn w. tamronglak 9

10 The most populated countries of the world $/01 +/& &/2 +&/& (/'#!/$ %/' %/! /" 3 %/+ 3 /4 &/& "# /"# /$ 33 +/5 &/!/67 $/( 8 $/4!/! - updated: Aug Source: 2008 World Population Data Sheet Population Reference Bureau amporn w. tamronglak 10

11 Determinants of Population Growth Death rate and birth rate What are the birthrates and death rates in Thailand? How to control the birthrate and the death rate in U.S., China, Thailand, etc? amporn w. tamronglak 11

12 Population Growth Reasons for the growth in population in the past The problem of counting What is The Malthusian Theory? amporn w. tamronglak 12

13 Malthusian Theory The population growth would necessarily tend to overrun means of subsistence, based on the law of diminishing returns The law of diminishing returns : if more and more people are employed on a given area of land, even though total output may continue to expand, beyond a certain point average output per worker will shrink. amporn w. tamronglak 13

14 amporn w. tamronglak 14

15 Because of industrial revolution, It took 123 years for the world to go from one billion people to two billion (achieved in 1930). It took only 12 years to go from five billion to six billion people (in 1999). It s expected that by 2050, the global population will hit nine billion. amporn w. tamronglak 15

16 amporn w. tamronglak 16

17 With more people, it means we ll need to produce more food in the next 50 years than we ve produced in the past 10,000 years combined. This wouldn t be a problem if we could actually keep producing more food. But there is a limit amporn w. tamronglak 17

18 Malthus s saying The population growth is progressing Geometrically (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ), while the production of food is increasing Arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ), leading to food shortage in the future, Food Crisis. amporn w. tamronglak 18

19 Population Growth Rate Growth rate = [(birth + immigration) (death + emigration)]/ population amporn w. tamronglak 19

20 How to slow down the population growth? Moral restraint of marital chastity (purity) and late marriage What are other preventive checks? One family, One child Contraception, etc. amporn w. tamronglak 20

21 The Urban Society Urbanization The industrial revolution and the growth of cities Urbanism: the urban way of life, a condition, a set of attitudes, a quality of life, urban values, etc. amporn w. tamronglak 21

22 What are the urban crisis? How to cope with the crisis? amporn w. tamronglak 22

23 Amman, Jordan amporn w. tamronglak 23

24 &' &' amporn w. tamronglak 24

25 Urban Slum!" #" "$ #" % #" # &' ()!%*!*! " "$#" amporn w. tamronglak 25

26 Urban Slum * + ", "!+ + %%# (* + # $ (! " # $ # ( - % (". " amporn w. tamronglak 26

27 Urban slum statistics! " %/ # -." amporn w. tamronglak 27

28 # $$ $ amporn w. tamronglak 28

29 Africa %&$ ' # amporn w. tamronglak 29

30 At least one billion people living in slums in India. amporn w. tamronglak 30

31 (")"*+, &*(+'- #. / 0120 " " amporn w. tamronglak 31

32 amporn w. tamronglak 32

33 Urban slum in the Philippines Inside slum home amporn w. tamronglak 33

34 Solutions to urban slum 0 " " ("! $." amporn w. tamronglak 34

35 two articles showcasing the debate between two approaches to dealing with urban slums about--: improving the life of the 1M people who live in slums of Dharavi in Mumbai: raze and rebuild work with the people (read it from the blog) amporn w. tamronglak 35

36 3" & 4'" / amporn w. tamronglak 36

37 8 9 " &'0 / amporn w. tamronglak 37

38 For your thought! 1. What are approaches to Urban Slums proposed by World Bank? 2. How do they work? Read the following material by WB: liance.org/files/ca_images/approaches_to_ Urban_Slums_WBI.pdf amporn w. tamronglak 38

39 Optimal population What is the optimal/ best size of population in order to maximize welfare? amporn w. tamronglak 39

40 Ecology The interaction between living things and their environment amporn w. tamronglak 40

41 Disciplines of ecology: Ecophysiology and Behavioral ecology examine adaptations of the individual to its environment. Population ecology studies the dynamics of populations of a single species. Community ecology (or synecology) focuses on the interactions between species within an ecological community. Ecosystem ecology studies the flows of energy and matter through the biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field focusing on the study, development, and organization of ecological systems from a holistic perspective. Landscape ecology examines processes and relationship across multiple ecosystems or very large geographic areas amporn w. tamronglak 41

42 What are the current issues relating to the ecology system today as a result of overpopulation? amporn w. tamronglak 42

43 Disruption of ecosystems Environmental pollution Environmental depletion The greenhouse effect: the global warming amporn w. tamronglak 43

44 amporn w. tamronglak 44

45 amporn w. tamronglak 45

46 Global warming What causes global warming? What are the effects of global warming? How can we help reducing the global warming problem? What are the measures to help alleviate the problem? What are movements/attempts to solve problem of climate change? amporn w. tamronglak 46

47 What about the world issue of climate change? amporn w. tamronglak 47

48 amporn w. tamronglak 48