(a) Humans and monkeys share a long family history. What types of behaviors do humans share with these other primates? (Try to list at least 3)

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1 1 PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Clever Monkeys Movie Assignment (150 POINTS) DUE: (I) Introduction: (a) Humans and monkeys share a long family history. What types of behaviors do humans share with these other primates? (Try to list at least 3) (II) Toque Macaques (Jodhpur, India): (a) Toque macaques are very curious. What kinds of things do you see them stealing, eating, discovering and/or trying? (Try to list at least 5) (III) Pygmy Marmosets (Ecuador) (a) Approximately how many millions of years ago did the first monkeys appear in the ancient tropical rain forests? (b) Our monkeys ancestors may have looked like a pygmy marmoset. About how large is a pygmy marmoset? What does it hunt like?

2 2 (c) What do the pygmy marmosets farm from trees? How does the family harvest this tree product? (d) How does a neighboring family of marmosets try to benefit from the owner troopʼs work in the tree? Why would this be an effective strategy in terms of survival and overall fitness? (e) Why do monkeys and other primates live in social groups? What 2 major benefits does living in a social group provide? (IV) Emperor Tamarin (South America): (a) Female tamarins usually have twins. How many fathers usually accompany her? How does she signal the father(s)? (b) Childhood in monkeys is less about a growing body, and more about a growing.

3 3 (V) White Faced Capuchins (Central and South America): (a) What is special about a white faced capuchinʼs brain size? (b) What drives the capuchin to keep banging the clams? What keeps them going? (c) What is most important for a monkey to understand? What kinds of social interactions do you see amongst the capuchins that remind you of human social interactions? EXTRA CREDIT: Search Monkeys and medicinal pbs.org. On a separate piece of paper describe some of the information you find at this site. Label V(b). (VI) Toque Macaques (Sri Lanka): (a) How do the toque macaques defend themselves from the monitor lizard while foraging for lily flowers? Who gets to use the over-hanging branches and who has to wade through the water?

4 4 (b) How do the toque macaques react to the death of the former leader? (VII) Howler Monkeys (Central and South America) (a) How do howler monkeys declare territory? (b) Describe the silent love song between howler monkey males and females? What purpose does it serve? (VIII) Black and White & Red Colobus (East Africa) (a) What toxic substance do black and white colobus consume a lot of? (b) What antidote have red colobus discovered that helps them digest the same toxic substance? How has this revolutionized their lives? (IX) Vocalizations and Cooperation in the African Forests: (a) Some monkeys, like the many species of guenons, seem to be multi-lingual. What does this mean? EXTRA CREDIT: Search Meet the pbs.org. On a separate piece of paper describe some of the information you find at this site. Label IX(a).

5 5 (b) The many species of guenon monkeys behave as though they are all part of the same troop. How do these many species cooperate on a daily basis? How do they communicate with one another? EXTRA CREDIT: Search Monkeys and pbs.org. On a separate piece of paper describe some of the information you find at this site. Label IX(b). (c) What physical structure do Diana monkeys have that is a lot like humans? (X) White-Faced Capuchins (Costa Rica): (a) Sometimes, subordinates in capuchin society will alarm call even when there is no danger/predator. Why do they do this? (XI) Patas Monkeys (African Savanna): (a) How do patas monkeys deal with the tall grasses of the savanna? (XII) Baboons (African Savanna) (a) How do male baboons often deal with predators, like cheetahs?

6 6 (b) When primates left the trees they became more predatory. How do baboons demonstrate this in the film? (XIII) Geladas (Ethiopia): (a) Geladas travel in groups of up to 800 and are often occupied with foraging. What do they do to keep in touch with each other and diffuse tension? EXTRA CREDIT: Search Monkeys and pbs.org. On a separate piece of paper describe some of the information you find at this site. Label XIII(a). (b) How do male geladas threaten each other and flirt with females? Why might a male try and hide this gesture? (XIV) Bearded Capuchins (Brazil): (a) How can the bearded capuchins tell when the palm nuts are ready for eating? Ready for cracking? (b) How do bearded capuchins defend themselves from jaguar predators?

7 (c) The word culture was often used throughout the film to describe the unique aspects of monkey life. Can you provide 2 specific examples of monkey species and something that was unique to their way of life? In other words, something that was unique to their culture? 7