Introduction to economic growth (4)
|
|
- Aron Lindsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction to economic growth (4) EKN 325 Manoel Bittencourt University of Pretoria August 13, 2017 M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
2 Introduction The Solow model (and its augmented version with human capital) are capital-based models, they focus on physical and human capital accumulation furthermore, technology a is the engine of economic growth, however the framework does not model technology as such, technology is exogenous so, there is a clear motivation for a framework which considers technology as part of the model, or endogenous, so that a better understanding of economic growth and development emerges M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
3 What is technology? Technology is simply how inputs are (re)combined in a production function, so that we can get larger output, (y = f (x)), or higher utility, that is, we do more with less what about ideas? Ideas help to improve the technology of production, it allows the inputs to produce more output, or to get higher utility. To put it differently, ideas have the potential to improve the technology index a example of ideas: iron oxide, used by the Neanderthals and now used by Homo Sapiens, light and electricity, transistors, now processors, Wal-Mart approach to retailing; Sam Walton (re)created the way retailing is done with his new set of ideas. A (re)combination of inputs so that larger output is generated (st. revealed preference) throughout history tin has had a number of different uses and applications: weapons, armours, plates, cups, air-tight food containers, and now it is used for touch screens on (our) smart phones M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
4 The economics of ideas The economics of ideas has been formalised by Paul Romer in the mid-1980s in a couple of seminal papers. The framework is as follows: Ideas! Nonrivalry! IncreasingReturns! ImperfectCompetition according to Romer, ideas are nonrivalrous, which implies increasing returns. Can we have increasing returns under perfect competition? why are ideas nonrivalrous? Most economic goods are rivalrous, what is so special about ideas? Toyota implemented the new idea of just-in-time inventory methods, which is available to its competitors to implement. The use of this idea by Toyota does not preclude GM to make use of it at the same time. Ideas are blueprints or instructions that can be used by different agents at the same time. But, what about the paper in which these blueprints are written? What about your smart phone? Is it nonrivalrous? M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
5 The economics of ideas So, are ideas also (partially) excludable? Excludability depends on whether the owner of a new idea can charge for its use or not. Can a inventor/innovator/scientist/university/lab charge for the use of his/her/its idea? copyright and patent laws secure the right of the scientist to gain something for his efforts. Hence, those tools (or institutions) impose a certain degree of excludability on ideas M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
6 The economics of ideas M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
7 The economics of ideas So, ideas are nonrivalrous, however their degree of excludability presents some variation, a software can easily be copied, the idea behind Wal-Mart can also be easily copied by Pick and Pay. Both ideas can be used by different agents at the same time (nonrivalry property) and also be copied (nonexcludability property) what about Calculus (invented by Newton in the 17 th century)? What about R&D in general? Can ideas generate spillovers or externalities? Do you think Newton was well rewarded for his invention which spillovers well into the 21 st century? because ideas are nonrivalrous and nonexcludable, they can generate spillovers and therefore run the risk of being underproduced if left to the market to decide. That is why basic R&D is usually financed by governments. Think about the fixed cost that Newton had to create Calculus... Huge! His gains, small! The spillovers to Humanity, unmeasurable! M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
8 The economics of ideas Moreover, think about the fixed costs involved in creating a new software (or a new app for your smart phone). The initial cost will be immense, however after the idea is created (an idea is created only once) and embodied in a rivalrous product, the average costs will decrease can we say that the above leads to increasing returns to scale? You create an idea which embodies a large fixed cost, however, after that all is needed is a process of copying the blueprint so that thousands of products can be produced, with decreasing average costs M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
9 The economics of ideas M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
10 The economics of ideas Therefore, the fixed cost is bound to be a large number, the first copy of a new software is expensive, however from the second copy onwards it gets cheaper and cheaper (do you think it depends on the size of the market?) so, fixed costs are bound to be large, average costs are decreasing, what about the price charged by this producer of software (IBM in the past, Microsoft in the present, Google right now) if Microsoft charges P = MgC for Windows10 it will run into negative profits, so the price charged will have to be higher than the MgC, which leads us to imperfect competition that is, with increasing returns to scale we have, by definition AveC > MgC, profits M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
11 The economics of ideas M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
12 The economics of ideas We are going full circle now, ideas are nonrivalrous, the fixed cost of an idea is high, the average costs are decreasing with production, the price charged will be higher than the marginal cost, a profit will be made, we have imperfect competition the need for profit is that without this financial incentive no firm will invest in a new idea in the first place (think of pharmaceutical companies which have labs with highly skilled and expensive scientists) (also bear in mind that not all ideas become commercially successful, there is an element of risk involved) if the inventor (or company, or university) does not expect a return for his scientific effort, he will not create a new idea. There is a natural need for a profit, and a perfect competitive environment does not account for the existence of profits M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
13 Intellectual property rights and the industrial revolution Ideas are nonrivalrous, they present large fixed costs to be created in the first place, however, after that the average costs decrease with production, which leads to increasing returns, profits and imperfect competition but for ideas to exist, a system of rewards must be in place, patents and monopoly rights, otherwise the inventors/innovators/scientists will not create new ideas. Therefore, the incentive will be the prospective profit to be earned with new ideas furthermore, the companies which will buy these new ideas (in many cases from research-led universities and private labs) need a reassurance of a profit to be made; patents again! A temporary monopoly is granted for such firms. Patents and monopoly rights exist to make sure that a certain degree of excludability is incorporated into new ideas M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
14 Intellectual property rights and the industrial revolution What about the Industrial Revolution in Britain? Up to 1790, rapid and sustained economic growth was an elusive idea. Up to that point in time we lived in a Malthusian economy, diminishing returns to scale in agriculture (the main sector of natural economies) and a stagnant population Nobel Laureate Douglass North suggests that one of the determinants of the Industrial Revolution was the institutional body existent in Britain (the Statute of Monopolies is dated from 1624, not to mention other institutions such as the Magna Carta from 1215), which raised the rate of (private) return on inventions and innovations. the very existence of patents and monopoly rights raised the returns, or profits, to be earned by inventors and also by those buying the inventions and applying them to production M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
15 Population and ideas What about the number of people creating, or prospecting, for new ideas? What is the role of an increasing population for the creation of ideas, or more ideas? what is the reasoning behind Solow, and even Malthus? Do they live in a world of nonrivalrous goods? population growth, new ideas (nonrivalrous), technology, economic growth M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
16 Population and ideas M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
17 Data on ideas R&D can be seen as an important input in the production of ideas. Patents can also be seen as a measure of ideas. Hence, R&D and patents will be proxies for ideas but bear in mind that a number of things have never been patented, the Coca-Cola formula. Overall though, there has been a constant increase in the numbers of patents over time. What about R&D? R&D has increased consistently over time too, not only its levels, but also its share, the number of scientists in R&D has increased over time (think of private labs, universities, multinationals with their own labs, Silicon Valley, Route 128 in Boston) for instance, the share of the labour force engaged in R&D in the U.S. in the 1950s was around.25%, and 1% in Or 0.1% in 1950 and 1.1% in 1990 in Japan M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
18 Data on ideas M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
19 Data on ideas M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
20 Summary Ideas, nonrivalry, increasing returns to scale, need for profit, imperfect competition, patents, incentives, (partial) excludability, institutions, population M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, / 20
ECO 4933 Topics in Theory
ECO 4933 Topics in Theory Introduction to Economic Growth Fall 2015 Chapter 4 1 Chapter 4 The Economics of Ideas Chapter 4 2 The economics models studied so far are capital-based theories of economic growth
More informationChapter 8. Technology and Growth
Chapter 8 Technology and Growth The proximate causes Physical capital Population growth fertility mortality Human capital Health Education Productivity Technology Efficiency International trade 2 Plan
More informationTechnological Change, Population, and Growth
Technological Change, Population, and Growth BCPM0058. ECONOMICS Dr. Kumar Aniket Bartlett School of Construction & Project Management Lecture 2 LOOKING BACK The recent rapid, sustained increase in income
More informationProductivity and Economic Growth
9 Productivity and Economic Growth Productivity and Economic Growth Productivity: output per hour of work. Productivity growth: the percentage increase in productivity from one year to the next. Figure
More informationINTELLECTUAL PROPERY RIGHTS: ECONOMY Vs SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY. Sankar Narayanan.S System Analyst, Anna University Coimbatore
Volume 1 Issue 1 May 2010 pp. 6-10 http://www.iaeme.com/ijipr.html I J I P R I A E M E INTELLECTUAL PROPERY RIGHTS: ECONOMY Vs SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACT Sankar Narayanan.S System Analyst, Anna University
More informationModule 5: Conditional convergence and long-run economic growth practice problems. (The attached PDF file has better formatting.)
Module 5: Conditional convergence and long-run economic growth practice problems (The attached PDF file has better formatting.) This posting gives sample final exam problems. Other topics from the textbook
More informationOesterreichische Nationalbank. Eurosystem. Workshops Proceedings of OeNB Workshops. Current Issues of Economic Growth. March 5, No.
Oesterreichische Nationalbank Eurosystem Workshops Proceedings of OeNB Workshops Current Issues of Economic Growth March 5, 2004 No. 2 Opinions expressed by the authors of studies do not necessarily reflect
More informationEconomics II (macroeconomics)
Course: Economics II (macroeconomics) Chapter 7 7.2 Long Run Economic Growth, Part II Author: Ing. Vendula Hynková, Ph.D. Introduction The aim of the lecture is to analyze the nature of the endogenous
More informationTHE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN GROWTH
Chapter 8 THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN GROWTH Modified for EC 375 by Bob Murphy Technology and Productivity Growth Produc(vity gains are an important source of growth and differences in produc(vity levels
More informationThe Localization of Innovative Activity
The Localization of Innovative Activity Characteristics, Determinants and Perspectives Giovanni Peri (University of California, Davis and NBER) Prepared for the Conference Education & Productivity Seattle,
More informationIntellectual Ventures
Intellectual Ventures Hong Kong December 7, 2012 Yan, Sheng President, IV (China) Founded in 2000, Headquarters in Bellevue, Washington, and satellite offices in Austin, Bangalore, Beijing, Dublin, Seoul,
More informationIntellectual Property
Intellectual Property Econ 1101 Maria Rodriguez University of Minnesota November 19, 2013 Maria Rodriguez (UofM) Intellectual Property November 19, 2013 1 / 16 Plan ECON 1101 Lecture 12.1 1. Introduction
More informationResilient Innovation for Economic Transformation
Resilient Innovation for Economic Transformation Innovation: The Role of Business Incubation Hanoi University of Technology Hanoi, Vietnam October 3-5, 2007 Dr. David E. Martin, CEO Batten Fellow, Darden
More informationChapter 2 The Market. The Classical Approach
Chapter 2 The Market The economic theory of markets has been central to economic growth since the days of Adam Smith. There have been three major phases of this theory: the classical theory, the neoclassical
More informationJourney towards success: From idea to market a real case study. Dr. Wolfram Meyer Malta
Journey towards success: From idea to market a real case study Dr. Wolfram Meyer Malta 15.02.2011 "The future of Europe depends on innovation" Outline: Factors of success Intellectual property (IP) rights
More informationGeneral aspects of the technological approach to international trade
General aspects of the technological approach to international trade Innovation and Trade Shumpeter: the entrepreneur-innovator has a key role in the introduction of new goods and technology in the economy
More informationUnder the Patronage of His Highness Sayyid Faisal bin Ali Al Said Minister for National Heritage and Culture
ORIGINAL: English DATE: February 1999 E SULTANATE OF OMAN WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION Under the Patronage of His Highness Sayyid Faisal bin Ali Al Said Minister for National Heritage and Culture
More informationInnovation, Technology and the Law: The Case of (Software) Patents. Rufus Pollock FFII-UK
Innovation, Technology and the Law: The Case of (Software) Patents Rufus Pollock FFII-UK Who Am I? Coordinator, FFII-UK Director, Open Knowledge Foundation Creative Commons... [1] What is FFII? Foundation
More informationSectoral Patterns of Technical Change
Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change Chapter 7, Miozzo, M. & Walsh, V., International Competitiveness and Technological Change, Oxford University Press. Overview Introduction Why should we classify sectoral
More informationAnnex B: R&D, innovation and productivity: the theoretical framework
Annex B: R&D, innovation and productivity: the theoretical framework Introduction B1. This section outlines the theory behind R&D and innovation s role in increasing productivity. It briefly summarises
More informationWhy is US Productivity Growth So Slow? Possible Explanations Possible Policy Responses
Why is US Productivity Growth So Slow? Possible Explanations Possible Policy Responses Presentation to Nomura Foundation Conference Martin Neil Baily and Nicholas Montalbano What is productivity and why
More informationCOMPETITIVNESS, INNOVATION AND GROWTH: THE CASE OF MACEDONIA
COMPETITIVNESS, INNOVATION AND GROWTH: THE CASE OF MACEDONIA Jasminka VARNALIEVA 1 Violeta MADZOVA 2, and Nehat RAMADANI 3 SUMMARY The purpose of this paper is to examine the close links among competitiveness,
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the first native scientific publisher of Open Access books. International authors and editors. Our authors are among the TOP 1%
We are IntechOpen, the first native scientific publisher of Open Access books 3,350 108,000 1.7 M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 151 Countries
More informationINNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH CASE STUDY CHINA AFTER THE WTO
INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH CASE STUDY CHINA AFTER THE WTO Fatma Abdelkaoui (Ph.D. student) ABSTRACT Based on the definition of the economic development given by many economists, the economic development
More informationKey Words: direction of technological progress, steady-state, Uzawa s theorem, investment elasticities, factor supply elasticities.
What Determines the Direction of Technological Progress? Defu Li 1 School of Economics and Management, Tongji University Benjamin Bental 2 Department of Economics, University of Haifa Abstract What determines
More informationLecture notes 6: The Role of Technology in Growth and Development
Lecture notes 6: The Role of Technology in Growth and Development These notes are based on a draft manuscript Economic Growth by David N. Weil. All rights reserved. Growth in LS is wrapped up with technological
More informationObjectives ECONOMIC GROWTH CHAPTER
9 ECONOMIC GROWTH CHAPTER Objectives After studying this chapter, you will able to Describe the long-term growth trends in the United States and other countries and regions Identify the main sources of
More informationThe Returns to Public Investment in Human Capital and Infrastructure Lee Branstetter
The Returns to Public Investment in Human Capital and Infrastructure Lee Branstetter Professor of Economics and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Nonresident Senior Fellow Peterson Institute for
More informationIntroduction to IP: Some Basics of Patents, Trademarks, & Trade Secrets
Introduction to IP: Some Basics of Patents, Trademarks, & Trade Secrets Tom Cowan July 28, 2016 knobbe.com What is Intellectual Property (IP)? Exclusive Rights to Certain Intellectual Products (Ideas)
More informationLabour supply/demand dynamics of Canada s ICT sector and beyond. David
Labour supply/demand dynamics of Canada s ICT sector and beyond David Ticoll dticoll@gmail.com @dticoll Quality technical grads, but shortages Insufficient business skills & seasoning ICT skills context
More informationResearch Patents in Biotech SMEs
Research Patents in Biotech SMEs Doorways, Obstacles, Fortifications & Bridges Neil Thomas PhD Director of Intellectual Property, Genetrix Group, Madrid, Spain. Agenda 1. Introduction to Genetrix Definition
More informationAn Introduction to China s Science and Technology Policy
An Introduction to China s Science and Technology Policy SHANG Yong, Ph.D. Vice Minister Ministry of Science and Technology, China and Senior Fellow Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
More informationINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSETS MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSETS MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES SUNITA K SREEDHARAN SKS LAW ASSOCIATES Cagayan de Oro, 3 rd August 2010 SESSION 1 INTRODUCTION TO IPR ONCE UPON A TIME. In 1969,
More informationI Economic Growth 5. Second Edition. Robert J. Barro Xavier Sala-i-Martin. The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England
I Economic Growth 5 Second Edition 1 Robert J. Barro Xavier Sala-i-Martin The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England Preface About the Authors xv xvii Introduction 1 1.1 The Importance of Growth
More informationJapan Lagging in Scientific Research
Japan Lagging in Scientific Research By Takashi Kitazume Japan's Asian neighbors are catching up quickly in terms of technological innovations, and Japan should start investing more in basic scientific
More informationGetting Started. This Lecture
Getting Started Entrepreneurship (MGT-271) Lecture 9-11 This Lecture Intellectual Property Rights Forms of intellectual property Patent, its types and steps to obtaining patent Potential financing sources
More informationTRANSFORMATION INTO A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY: THE MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE
TRANSFORMATION INTO A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY: THE MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE by Honourable Dato Sri Dr. Jamaludin Mohd Jarjis Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia Going Global: The Challenges
More informationState Content Standards for New Mexico
Episode 101 What Is a Biz Kid? Episode 102 What Is Money? Episode 103 How Do You Get Money? Episode 104 What Can You Do with Money? Episode 105 Money Moves Episode 106 Taking Charge of Your Financial Future
More informationTopic 3 - Chapter II.B Primary consideration before drafting a patent application. Emmanuel E. Jelsch European Patent Attorney
Topic 3 - Chapter II.B Primary consideration before drafting a patent application Emmanuel E. Jelsch European Patent Attorney Table of Contents Detailed Overview of Patents Patent Laws Patents Overview
More informationWIPO-WASME Program on Practical Intellectual Property Rights Issues for Entrepreneurs, Economists, Bankers, Lawyers and Accountants
WIPO-WASME Program on Practical Intellectual Property Rights Issues for Entrepreneurs, Economists, Bankers, Lawyers and Accountants Topic 12 Managing IP in Public-Private Partnerships, Strategic Alliances,
More informationJUSTIFICATION AND CRITIQUE OF THE PATENT SYSTEM DEAN CHEN PHIL 170, DUKE UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 12 TH, 2011
JUSTIFICATION AND CRITIQUE OF THE PATENT SYSTEM DEAN CHEN PHIL 170, DUKE UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 12 TH, 2011 INTRODUCTION Intellectual property protection is a relatively recent development in human history.
More informationTechnological change in energy/economic/policy modeling
Technological change in energy/economic/policy modeling Richard Newell Resources for the Future, Washington, DC East Coast Energy Group Meeting Washington, DC November 10, 2004 Why are we having this meeting?
More informationSlide 8 (optional) The first account of a "patent system"
Slide 8 (optional) The first account of a "patent system" History of the patent system: the first account of rights comparable to patents is from... yes: the ancient Greeks! The Greek writer Athenaeus
More informationICT Can It Be An Enabler Of The Knowledge Economy?
ICT Can It Be An Enabler Of The Knowledge Economy? Mohamad Salmi Mohd. Sohod PhD In-Fusion Solutions Sdn Bhd Level 22 KUB.com Block D, Megan Avenue II No. 12, Jalan Yap Kwan Seng, 50450 Kuala Lumpur INTRODUCTION
More informationTHE IMPLICATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY FOR FUTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES
General Distribution OCDE/GD(95)136 THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY FOR FUTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES 26411 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Paris 1995 Document
More informationPatenting Strategies. The First Steps. Patenting Strategies / Bernhard Nussbaumer, 12/17/2009 1
Patenting Strategies The First Steps Patenting Strategies / Bernhard Nussbaumer, 12/17/2009 1 Contents 1. The pro-patent era 2. Main drivers 3. The value of patents 4. Patent management 5. The strategic
More informationBig Tech & Global Finance
Big Tech & Global Finance Tony Norfield tonynorfield@gmail.com DECODE Symposium, 16 October 2018 Overview 1. Big tech corporations dominate equity markets 2. A privileged position to consolidate power:
More informationSlide 25 Advantages and disadvantages of patenting
Slide 25 Advantages and disadvantages of patenting Patent owners can exclude others from using their inventions. If the invention relates to a product or process feature, this may mean competitors cannot
More informationWIPO REGIONAL SEMINAR ON SUPPORT SERVICES FOR INVENTORS, VALUATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF INVENTIONS AND RESEARCH RESULTS
ORIGINAL: English DATE: November 1998 E TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION AND PROMOTION INSTITUTE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION WIPO REGIONAL SEMINAR ON SUPPORT SERVICES FOR INVENTORS, VALUATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION
More informationAre large firms withdrawing from investing in science?
Are large firms withdrawing from investing in science? By Ashish Arora, 1 Sharon Belenzon, and Andrea Patacconi 2 Basic research in science and engineering is a fundamental driver of technological and
More informationPROTECTING INVENTIONS: THE ROLE OF PATENTS, UTILITY MODELS AND DESIGNS
PROTECTING INVENTIONS: THE ROLE OF PATENTS, UTILITY MODELS AND DESIGNS By J N Kabare, Senior Patent Examiner, ARIPO Harare, Zimbabwe: 21 to 24 October, 2014 Outline Patents and their role Utility Models
More informationPatents & Innovation In the Pharmaceutical Industry: Literature Review. Jonathan Gock POL 459 Prof. Hira Fall 09
Patents & Innovation In the Pharmaceutical Industry: Literature Review Jonathan Gock POL 459 Prof. Hira Fall 09 1 Introduction In light of recent health epidemics (e.g. H1N1) and the reality of an ever-aging
More informationInternationalisation of STI
Internationalisation of STI Challenges for measurement Prof. Dr. Reinhilde Veugelers (KUL-EC EC-BEPA) Introduction A complex phenomenon, often discussed, but whose drivers and impact are not yet fully
More informationScience, Engineering and Intellectual Property Consultation
Science, Engineering and Intellectual Property Consultation Dr. Mariette Brandao Sample Preparation Researcher Engineering, Research and Development UBM TechInsights Ottawa, ON mbrandao@ubmtechinsights.com
More informationSome Economics of Patent Protection
Prof. Dr. Uwe Cantner Friedrich Schiller University Jena Chair of Economics / Microeconomics uwe.cantner@uni-jena.de Some Economics of Patent Protection FIW Conference, Innsbruck Feb 27, 2009 FAZ 1980s
More informationDecoding jute plant genome an eye opener. Abdul Quader
Decoding jute plant genome an eye opener Abdul Quader Decoding jute plant genome is a breakthrough in the field of genomics research and biotechnology. It is a great achievement on the part of a Bangladeshi
More informationBASED ECONOMIES. Nicholas S. Vonortas
KNOWLEDGE- BASED ECONOMIES Nicholas S. Vonortas Center for International Science and Technology Policy & Department of Economics The George Washington University CLAI June 9, 2008 Setting the Stage The
More informationMeasuring Intangible Assets (IP & Data) for the Knowledge-based and Data-driven Economy
Measuring Intangible Assets (IP & Data) for the Knowledge-based and Data-driven Economy Jim Balsillie Chair and Co-founder of CIGI IMF Statistical Forum November 20, 2018 Big Data, Artificial Intelligence
More informationGlobalisation increasingly affects how companies in OECD countries
ISBN 978-92-64-04767-9 Open Innovation in Global Networks OECD 2008 Executive Summary Globalisation increasingly affects how companies in OECD countries operate, compete and innovate, both at home and
More information18 The Impact of Revisions of the Patent System on Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry (*)
18 The Impact of Revisions of the Patent System on Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry (*) Research Fellow: Kenta Kosaka In the pharmaceutical industry, the development of new drugs not only requires
More informationThe Promise of Private-Collective Innovation
The Promise of Private-Collective Innovation European Academy of Management, Oslo May 18 2006 Georg von Krogh Chair of Strategic Management and Innovation Contents - The "private-collective" innovation
More informationThe Case Against Patents. March 25, 2015 Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine
The Case Against Patents March 25, 2015 Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine 1 A Canadian (Waterloo even) Tale Founded in 1984 by Mike Lazaridis an engineering student at Waterloo and a partner March 3,
More informationIndustrialization Presentation
Industrialization Presentation 2) I can identify, explain, and compare the first and second Industrial Revolutions in the U.S. 3) I can define Industrial Revolution Rapid economic growth primarily driven
More informationPatents and Intellectual Property
Patents and Intellectual Property Teaching materials to accompany: Product Design and Development Chapter 16 Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger 5th Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012. Value of Intellectual
More informationINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE WORLD ECONOMY by Bart Verspagen (ECIS, Eindhoven University of Technology and TIK, University of Oslo) Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513 DG 1.21, 5600 MB
More informationNATIONAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2018
NATIONAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2018 POSITIONING CURAÇAO AS A SMART TOURISM DESTINATION KEYNOTE ADDRESS by Mr. Franklin Sluis CEO Bureau Telecommunication, Post & Utilities Secretariat Taskforce Smart Nation
More informationTechnology and Knowledge: a Basic View
Technology and Knowledge: a Basic View TIK, UiO 2016 Bart Verspagen UNU-MERIT, Maastricht verspagen@merit.unu.edu 1. Technology and knowledge: A basic economic view Concepts of technological change paradigms
More informationMSMES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE SDG AGENDA
MSMES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE SDG AGENDA Global Symposium on the role of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) UN
More informationTechnology transfer and development: implications of four case studies Session 2
Technology transfer and development: implications of four case studies Session 2 Short courses for Permanent Missions in Geneva Monday, 15 December 2014 Michael Lim Policy Review Section Division on Technology
More informationThe seventh M&A wave. Marcos Cordeiro SEPTEMBER, 2014
SEPTEMBER, 2014 The seventh M&A wave Marcos Cordeiro The history of mergers and acquisitions is probably as long as commerce itself, and it is difficult to determine a date for the first case of a merger
More informationCompetitive Innovation with Codified And Tacit Knowledge
with Codified And Tacit Knowledge Tetsugen Haruyama Kobe University April 2009 Abstract R&D-based models of endogenous technical progress rest on a premise that technical progress is driven by profit-seeking
More informationMobility of Inventors and Growth of Technology Clusters
Mobility of Inventors and Growth of Technology Clusters AT&T Symposium August 3-4 2006 M. Hosein Fallah, Ph.D. Jiang He Wesley J. Howe School of Technology Management Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken,
More informationWhat Is That Patent Really Worth? Courts Take a Hard Look at the "Reasonable Royalty" Calculation Jonathan D. Putnam Competition Dynamics
What Is That Patent Really Worth? Courts Take a Hard Look at the "Reasonable Royalty" Calculation Jonathan D. Putnam Competition Dynamics Silicon Valley Advanced Patent Law Institute December 6-7, 2012
More informationFlexibilities in the Patent System
Flexibilities in the Patent System Dr. N.S. Gopalakrishnan Professor, HRD Chair on IPR School of Legal Studies, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Cochin, Kerala 1 Introduction The Context Flexibilities
More informationEconomics of IPRs and patents
Economics of IPRs and patents TIK, UiO 2016 Bart Verspagen UNU-MERIT, Maastricht verspagen@merit.unu.edu 3. Intellectual property rights The logic of IPRs, in particular patents The economic design of
More informationMEASURING INNOVATION PERFORMANCE
MEASURING INNOVATION PERFORMANCE Presented by: Elona Marku 2 In this lecture Why is it important to measure innovation? How do we measure innovation? Which indicators can be used? The role of the technology
More informationWIPO-IFIA INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF INVENTIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET
ORIGINAL: English DATE: December 2002 E INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF INVENTORS ASSOCIATIONS WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION WIPO-IFIA INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF INVENTIONS
More informationElectronics and Computer Patents in Vietnam
Electronics and Computer Patents in Vietnam Thomas J. Treutler Thang Duc Nguyen Hung Tuan Nguyen Dat Thanh Nguyen thomas.t@tilleke.com thang.n@tilleke.com hung.n@tilleke.com dat.n@tilleke.com Vietnam today
More informationSummary & Discussion
CPET 575 Management Of Technology Summary & Discussion Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing, and Public Policy, by David J. Teece (1986) From
More informationNeoclassical Economics
Neoclassical Economics A Brief & Selected Intro Sandelin et al. (2014, Chapter 4) [S] + Others 2018 (Comp. by M.İ.) Intro: Neoclassical breakthrough = marginalism! The neoclassical breakthrough
More informationFinancing Emerging Growth Companies
Financing Emerging Growth Companies July (8,15,22) 2005 Ravi Sinha/Wilson Zehr Portland State University School of Business July 8, 2005 1:00 1:50 Class overview, review syllabus, grading, case studies
More informationAccelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research Lynne G. Zucker & Michael R. Darby, UCLA & NBER
Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research Lynne G. Zucker & Michael R. Darby, UCLA & NBER Making the Best Use of Academic Knowledge in Innovation Systems, AAAS, Chicago IL, February 15, 2014 NIH
More information1. If an individual knows a field too well, it can stifle his ability to come up with solutions that require an alternative perspective.
Chapter 02 Sources of Innovation / Questions 1. If an individual knows a field too well, it can stifle his ability to come up with solutions that require an alternative perspective. 2. An organization's
More informationKnowledge-Oriented Diversification Strategies: Policy Options for Transition Economies
Knowledge-Oriented Diversification Strategies: Policy Options for Transition Economies Presentation by Rumen Dobrinsky UN Economic Commission for Europe Economic Cooperation and Integration Division Diversification
More informationThe Demographics of Intellectual Property
The Demographics of Intellectual Property RICHARD SOUSA HOOVER INSTITUTION Stanford University JIRICO O.P. Jindal Global University June 10, 2017 Intellectual Property 1. Patents 2. Copyright 3. Trade
More informationSCIENCE-INDUSTRY COOPERATION: THE ISSUES OF PATENTING AND COMMERCIALIZATION
SCIENCE-INDUSTRY COOPERATION: THE ISSUES OF PATENTING AND COMMERCIALIZATION Elisaveta Somova, (BL) Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation Abstract Advancement of science-industry cooperation
More informationProtect your ideas. An introduction to patents for students of natural sciences, engineering, medicine and business administration
Protect your ideas An introduction to patents for students of natural sciences, engineering, medicine and business administration Learning goals Understand what intellectual property is about Balance the
More informationRole of Knowledge Economics as a Driving Force in Global World
American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Available online at http://www.iasir.net ISSN (Print): 2328-3734, ISSN (Online): 2328-3696, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3688 AIJRHASS
More informationTechnological Forecasting & Social Change
Technological Forecasting & Social Change 77 (2010) 20 33 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Technological Forecasting & Social Change The relationship between a firm's patent quality and its market
More informationDynamic Cities and Creative Clusters
Dynamic Cities and Creative Clusters Weiping Wu Associate Professor Urban Studies, Geography and Planning Virginia Commonwealth University, USA wwu@vcu.edu Presented at the Fourth International Meeting
More informationTHE MACROECONOMICS OF THE GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY ECONOMY. Howard A. Rubin
THE MACROECONOMICS OF THE GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY Howard A. Rubin well surpassing such investment by the United States and every other country. The Dow Jones Industrial index no longer exists, replaced by a
More informationGetting Value From Research:
Getting Value From Research: From Research Knowledge to Profitable Products Charles B. Duke Vice President and Senior Research Fellow Xerox Innovation Group March 25, 2004 APS Meeting Montreal, Canada
More informationTo Patent or Not to Patent
Mary Juetten, CEO Traklight February 23, 2013 To Patent or Not to Patent Top Intellectual Property (IP) Question: Do I always need a patent for my business idea? The quick answer is no, not always. But
More informationPatents in an Environment of Global Collaboration
Intellectual Property Law Patents in an Environment of Global Collaboration Pryor Garnett Senior Counsel, Patent Strategy IBM Corporation Intellectual Property & Entrepreneurship Berkeley Center for Law
More informationDETERMINANTS OF STATE ECONOMIC GROWTH: COMPLEMENTARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN R&D AND HUMAN CAPITAL
DETERMINANTS OF STATE ECONOMIC GROWTH: COMPLEMENTARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN R&D AND HUMAN CAPITAL Catherine Noyes, Randolph-Macon David Brat, Randolph-Macon ABSTRACT According to a recent Cleveland Federal
More informationPlanning Activity. Theme 1
Planning Activity Theme 1 This document provides an example of a plan for one topic within Theme 1. This resource goes into more detail than is required in the specification but it provides some background
More informationGovernment s Role in Promoting the Use of ICT
2009/TEL39/LSG/IR/006 Government s Role in Promoting the Use of ICT Submitted by: Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) Industry Round Table - How SMEs Can Leverage on ICT for Growth and
More informationProcesses are Driving Banking Innovation Innovation Needs Organizational Support to Succeed
Opening an Account for in Banking Industry Bank through Collaboration Processes are Driving Banking Needs Organizational Support to Succeed Intellectual Property and Patents in Banking The Future of Banks
More informationWILL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DESTROY OUR CIVILIZATION? by (Name) The Name of the Class (Course) Professor (Tutor) The Name of the School (University)
Will Artificial Intelligence Destroy Our Civilization? 1 WILL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DESTROY OUR CIVILIZATION? by (Name) The Name of the Class (Course) Professor (Tutor) The Name of the School (University)
More informationCompetition Regulation Innovation. Dr. Marisa Miraldo
Competition Regulation Innovation Dr. Marisa Miraldo m.miraldo@imperial.ac.uk Brussels, 27th October, 2016 Outline The R&D and innovation challenge Current incentives HTA assessment: (weak) incentive for
More information