EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY INDUSTRIAL POLICY COMMITTEE COSMIC VISION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

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1 EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY INDUSTRIAL POLICY COMMITTEE COSMIC VISION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Programme of Work and Related Procurement Plan SUMMARY This document presents the activities in the Basic Technology Research Programme (TRP) and in the Science Core Technology Programme (CTP) supporting the implementation of ESA s Cosmic Vision Plan. The Strategic Initiatives (StrIn) activities and national initiatives activities of relevance to the Science programme are provided for information. This document is provided for information only and is subject to future updates. November 2012

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3 Page 3 1. Background and Scope This document provides an update to the Cosmic Vision 1525 (CV1525) Technology Development Plan (TDP). The plan contains the description of the technology development activities (TDAs) required for the technological preparation of the CV1525 plan for the Agency s Science Programme. This plan was first issued in 2008 as ESA/IPC(2008)33,add1 and the last main update was presented in ESA/IPC(2011)81,rev.1 approved by November 2011 IPC. The major programmatic development reflected in this update of the plan concerns the selection of JUICE by the Science Programme Committee (SPC) as the first L-Class Mission (L1) for a launch in 2022, (ESA/SPC(2012)12). A few activities are proposed for JUICE in order to secure its development schedule. The selection process for L2/L3 missions is expected to be initiated by the Executive in 2013 and will proceed through an open Call for Missions. Following L1 selection, and without pre-assuming any outcome of L2/L3 selection process, the Space Science Advisory Committee (SSAC) recommended (ESA/SSAC(2012)3) to maintain a minimum level of technology activities for the non- selected L1 candidates - namely the next generation X-ray Observatory (formerly ATHE) and the Gravitational Wave Observatory (formerly NGO) - in view of the high scientific value of these missions and awaiting the selection of L2/L3 missions. SSAC s recommendation was endorsed by the SPC and is reflected in this work plan update. Regarding the M3 mission candidates EChO, LOFT, MarcoPolo-R and STE-QUEST, new technology preparation activities are added, taking consideration of the progress in the related system studies. No new activity is envisaged for PLATO, which reached Phase A/B1 level in early For the JAXA-led SPICA mission, JAXA is currently running a Risk Mitigation Phase (RMP) with the support of ESA and of the SAFARI consortium for the foreseen respective provisions, namely the telescope assembly for ESA and the SAFARI instrument for the Consortium led by SRON (NL). The JAXA decision on the SPICA implementation is now expected in 2014, and a realistic date for submission to SPC approval appears at the moment to be June Therefore, no activity will be initiated in 2013 and the corresponding TDAs are removed for the time being from the work plan. They may be revisited and re-introduced by the end of 2013, subject to the progress and outcome of the JAXA RMP. The activities presented herein are those selected following the TECNET review process conducted in September Activities under ESA responsibility are presented for implementation. Activities under national member state responsibility are provided for information. The plan covers the period for the L-Class and M-Class Cosmic Vision mission candidates. Critical mission enabling developments, generically applicable to several possible future space science missions are also addressed in this plan.

4 Page 4 2. Cosmic Vision Science Missions 2.1 Evolution of the Cosmic Vision Plan The Cosmic Vision plan consists of a number of Science Questions to be addressed in the course of the decade. The future space missions to be implemented to this purpose will result from competitive Announcements of Opportunity (AO hereafter) and following down selection processes, generally made in two steps. The down selection review and decision process that was followed for M1/M2 selection is described in ESA/SPC(2009)3, rev.1. The selection process has been amended in ESA/SPC(2012)24 following a lessons learnt exercise jointly carried out by the SPC and the Executive following the M1/M2 selection. The first AO of the CV programme was issued in March 2007, targeting one M-Class and one L-Class mission initially for a launch in 2017 and From the 50 proposals received, five M-Class (Euclid, PLATO, Marco Polo, Cross Scale and the mission of opportunity SPICA) and three L-Class (IXO, Laplace or Tandem as Outer Planet mission and LISA) mission candidates were selected for assessment. Subsequently, Laplace was selected as the outer planet mission within the CV programme. In early 2009, the CV1525 plan was updated reflecting the programme funding availability, the technical progress of the studies, the mission technology readiness and the availability of international partners. The revised plan was as following: - The two launch slots in 2017 and 2018 were confirmed, targeting ESA-led M1 and M2 missions, with a cost cap target to ESA of 450 M for each mission, - Solar Orbiter was reclassified as the sixth M-mission candidate for M1/M2, - The three large missions were maintained in the plan as candidates for L1 but with a large involvement of international partners, essentially SA and JAXA, and for a target launch year in 2020 subject to partnership consolidation, Following the completion of the definition studies, the M-Class mission candidates Solar Orbiter, Euclid and PLATO underwent a review of their design and technological status, their financial and programmatic viability and their scientific performance. All three missions were confirmed to provide high class science and any pair of missions could effectively be implemented in the Science Programme. At a dedicated meeting held in Paris on 4th October 2011, the Science Programme Committee adopted Solar Orbiter as M1 for a target launch in 2017, and selected Euclid as M2 for a target launch in early In June 2012 Euclid was adopted by the SPC (ESA/SPC(2012)16). The SPICA mission of opportunity (JAXA-led) remains on hold, pending JAXA confirmation and further SPC decisions. For the L1 mission, SA informed ESA in early 2011 of its inability to contribute to this mission. Thereafter, the three L1 mission candidates were subject to a reformulation phase targeting European-led or European-only missions, and making best use of the previous activities. The international collaboration context and the reformulation logic were described in ESA/SPC(2011)28. Following the completion of the reformulation studies, the three mission concepts (ATHE formerly IXO,

5 Page 5 JUICE formerly Laplace, NGO formerly LISA) were submitted to the Advisory Structure for a recommendation on which to select for the L1 launch. Subsequently the SSAC has recommended that the JUICE mission be selected for the L1 launch slot (ESA/SSAC(2012)3. In May 2012, the SPC decided to select JUICE as the L1 mission, for a launch in The mission is currently running a Phase A/B1 study, including the selection of science payload consortia and the consolidation of the spacecraft design including the accommodation of the science instruments. The current plan is targeting a mission adoption at the end of this phase, by end 2014, and a start of the spacecraft development in The second AO of the CV plan was released in July 2010 with the goal of selecting a third M-Class mission (M3). From the 47 proposals submitted, 4 have been chosen for assessment study) with the first step having been internal ESA studies in 2011 followed by currently running industrial assessment studies. The four candidate missions are the Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory (EChO), the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT), MarcoPolo-R, and the Space-Time Explorer and Quantum Equivalence Principle Space Test (STE-QUEST) mission. In addition, the PLATO M1/M2 candidate is also being considered as a candidate for M3. The nominal launch date for M3 is 2024, but readiness for launch in 2022 is required as a back-up, at least up to 2013/2014, in case of a delay in the implementation of L1. An upgraded approach to the selection of the M3 mission has been proposed in ESA/SPC(2012)24 and is currently being implemented, taking into account the lessons learnt from M1/M2 selection and aiming at minimising nugatory spending for non-selected missions. The major changes with respect to the M1/M2 selection are an extended Assessment Phase incorporating the payload selection via an AO and its preliminary accommodation on the spacecraft, enabling to reach a Phase A level. This will allow the selection of a single mission for Phase B1 at the end of the Assessment Phase, with a goal of having mission adoption at the end of phase B1. In addition to avoiding nugatory spending during phase B1, the upgraded approach enables to focus the technology effort on a single mission from the start of Phase B1, and is therefore expected to improve the mission preparation phase prior to adoption, in particular for critical payload elements that are provided by the Member States. There is a higher risk at programme level associated with the selection of a single mission in Phase B1 for a given launch slot. This risk is mitigated by 1) selecting the science instruments consortia and achieving the preliminary design of the instruments in the Assessment Phase, 2) strengthening the industrial studies during the Assessment Phase by including the study of the accommodation of the instruments on the spacecraft, and 3) identifying for each candidate mission back-up solutions (i.e. descoping options) at an early stage for meeting the programmatic constraints. An additional development within the Cosmic Vision programme has been the release of the first S-Class AO in 2012 (ESA/SPC(2012)6). The purpose of the AO has been to solicit the scientific community for proposals for small missions for implementation within the ESA Science Programme, either as ESA-only missions (with the customary funding of the payload by the Member States) or as cooperative enterprises with Member States. The boundary conditions for S-Class missions were 1) the estimated CaC to the ESA Science Programme should not exceed 50 M (2012 e.c.) and 2) the development time should be limited to 4 years. From the 26 mission proposals submitted in response to the Call for S-missions, CHEOPS was selected as

6 Page 6 the S1 mission in October 2012 for a launch in 2017, and is being studied as an ESA/Swiss-led S1 mission. CHEOPS is viewed as a test case for the development of small missions in the ESA Science Programme. The execution of the CV plan requires coordinated system and technology development activities on both the spacecraft and the payload, implemented in parallel. Such coordination was implemented successfully and timely for M1/M2 and is expected to be preserved or improved for the future missions under preparation. Figure 2.1/1 summarises the current plan timeline. Figure 2.1/1. Cosmic Vision timeline summary.

7 Page 7 The CV1525 mission candidates are summarised in Table 2.1/1 below. Fields M-class L-class Mission of Opportunity Solar System MarcoPolo-R (Asteroid Sample Return) JUICE (Jupiter System) PLATO (TBC) SPICA (TBC) (Exoplanets / (IR astronomy) Asteroseismology) On hold Astrophysics and Fundamental Physics EChO (Exoplanet characterisation) LOFT (X-ray spectroscopy and timing) STE-QUEST (Test of Equivalence Principle and Universality of Free Fall) Table 2.1/1: Cosmic Vision Mission Candidates. Note that JUICE is selected as the L1 mission. 3. Cosmic Vision Technology Development Plan 3.1 Present Technology Development Plan update This technology plan is an update of ESA/IPC(2011)81, rev. 1 (November 2011) which was defined, as for previous versions, using the ESA End-to-End process as described in ESA/IPC(2005)39, involving a Technology Network (TECNET) of technical and mission experts from ESA. The proposed technological activities are based on: The critical technologies that were identified based on internal ESA studies, Technology development activities identified by industry in the course of the mission candidates assessment studies, Technology development activities identified by the science instrumentation community, through studies done by institutes or consortia in parallel to the industrial studies, An assessment of the technological needs and maturity with respect to ongoing running activities, urgency and funding availability. In all cases, only the activities to be placed in 2013 are submitted for approval to the IPC. Those foreseen to be placed in 2014 are provided for information. 3.2 Implementation Principles and Payload related activities Critical basic technology developments of the spacecraft and science instruments must be completed before entering the Definition Phase. As a general rule,

8 Page 8 Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 5-6 is expected for both space segment and payload at the start of the Implementation Phase. In line with SPRT recommendations, the traditional baseline concerning delivery of instruments to ESA by the Member States is maintained for the Science Programme. The responsibility for the science payloads depends on the mission specifics. For Solar System and Planetary missions, the payload is generally constituted of an instrument suite provided by the Member States. For Astrophysics missions, the separation line between ESA and Member States responsibilities is agreed on a case by case basis, and progressively frozen by the end of the Assessment Phase. It depends on the mission concept and on ESA and Member States respective financial constraints. As general rules: - Large and complex payload elements that are strongly interleaved with the spacecraft design remain under ESA responsibility e.g. Herschel telescope and cryostat. - Focal plane instruments are under Member States responsibility. It is assumed that the Member States will be in charge of the technology developments of the instruments they plan to provide, while ESA will implement the technology developments related to the rest of the spacecraft and payload elements remaining under ESA responsibility. As recommended by SPC/SPRT, a good coordination between the technology developments under Member States and ESA responsibility is imperative, thereby avoiding duplication of effort, enabling identification of missing activities and providing ESA with visibility of the payload development. In general, phased contracts are considered wherever required and possible, in order to accommodate any upcoming selections or other programmatic decisions, in order to minimise spending for non-selected missions. The activities presented in this plan are in general implemented by consortia within European industry. The baseline approach is to have a single contract for each activity, unless otherwise stated in the work plan. In case of specific interest for the Programme - e.g. risk reduction, investigation of different technical solutions, or for enabling competition on critical hardware in the future phases - the Executive may envisage placing parallel contracts following competitive tenders, provided that good quality offers are received, and subject to budget compatibility. In such a case, the parallel contract will be reflected in the regular update of the work plan, which occurs as a minimum on a yearly basis, for keeping the IPC and SPC fully informed of the work plan implementation. A summary of the current assumptions on the payload procurement scheme is provided in table 3.2/1 for the M and L mission candidates. Category A = ESA payload; Category B = payload provided by Member States; Category C = payload is shared between ESA and Member States.

9 Page 9 Mission Payload Member state provision category JUICE (L1 mission) B Instrument suite EChO (M3 candidate) B Focal plane instruments LOFT (M3 candidate) B Focal plane instruments MarcoPolo-R (M3 candidate) B Instrument suite PLATO (M3 candidate) C Payload assembly excluding CCD detectors. STE-QUEST (M3 candidate) B Full science payload (two instruments) SPICA (TBD) C SAFARI cryogenic instrument provided by a consortium of science institutes. Table 3.2/1: Current assumptions for payload provision for M and L missions. 3.3 Budgets and implementation constraints ESA technology activities in the Science Programme mainly rely on TRP and CTP technology budgets and are submitted to the Industrial Policy Committee (IPC) for approval and implementation. GSTP is marginally used and some technology system studies on future mission themes may be funded by GSP for supporting the technology development definition when necessary. The TRP budget is devoted to initial technology developments, leading to an experimental feasibility verification of critical functions or to a validation at breadboard level in laboratory environment (TRL 3). In case of components this might be extended e.g. radiation hardening, since otherwise a proof of feasibility is not possible. The CTP budget focuses on reaching a higher level of technology maturity by developing engineering models, tested in the relevant environment, before the start of the implementation phase (TRL 5-6). In many cases, the developments are started under the TRP budget in early phases and pursued under the CTP budget for reaching TRL 5-6. Therefore, the overall technology maturation process requires a close technical coordination of the activities, which is the rationale for providing a joint TRP/CTP technology work plan. The Executive will implement the plan according to the general procurement rules, and most of the activities will be awarded through open competition aiming at technical excellence and cost efficiency. However some changes in procurement policy are possible, e.g. competition limited to (a) certain country(ies) or direct negotiation with a specific company, in the frame of the measures necessary to structurally recover geo-return deficits, by using available tools and budgets in the Agency e.g. the Strategic Initiative (StrIn) programme or Special Measures for Underreturned Countries. The relevant information is generally provided under the remarks column of the summary table. In addition, the Agency reserves the right, following competitive tenders, to take specific corrective measures for improving the geographical distribution of industrial contracts in the Science Programme..

10 Page 10 Furthermore, in application of Council decisions contained in ESA/C(2012)104, the Executive undertakes to identify technological activities capable to support the integration of New Member States and of under-returned countries, in view of a structural effect. Some procurement policies could therefore be adapted, and reported to IPC. Payload related technology activities are presented for information; their definition and implementation are under the responsibility of national entities. This TDP has considered the information available from ESA studies and member states. These developments are marked as National with the funding scheme being defined by the Member States on a case by case basis. The use of GSTP is appropriate, in particular for complex developments involving several Member States. PRODEX may also be used, as well as direct national funding of national institutes or any other appropriate scheme. Concerning the European Cooperating States (ECS), PECS funding could cover payload developments. Additionally, in order to facilitate the build-up of strategic capabilities in future new member states, limited PECS co-funding of activities funded under TRP or CTP may be considered by ESA on a case by case basis. National support in compliance with the ECS agreement (ESA/C(2001)29) would be required Activities funded under Special Measures, Special Initiatives and Strategic Initiatives Programmes In some cases, the StrIn funded activities within this plan address identified requirements for the missions currently within the CV programme. In other cases activities addressing generic areas of interest and new enabling technologies, with potential application in the science programme are included. These activities are generally selected through specific calls for proposals initiated by the Strategic Initiative Programme within the target countries. These Strategic Initiative activities are fully funded by the Strategic Initiatives Programme as indicated by the SI under the programme column of the activity summary tables. Full details of these StrIn funded activities are presented in ESA/IPC(2010)118 and ESA/IPC(2011)118. The activities for Denmark and Ireland are a result of the Special Announcements of Opportunity for those countries held in 2009 and For Austria the results of the national call (ASAP 2010) are utilised. 3.4 ESA activities for L-class and M-class missions The ESA technology development activities required for the M-Class and L-Class candidate missions are presented. Critical technology developments for the related science instruments that are to be provided by the Member States are provided only for information. Activities being implemented are identified in the remarks column of the summary tables.

11 Page 11 As outlined in ESA/SPC(2012)12, critical enabling technology developments addressing the X-ray Optics technology for a potential future X-ray Observatory, and laser and telescope technologies for a potential future Gravitational Wave Observatory will be continued. All activities for L-Class and M-Class are implemented with the key objective of reaching TRL 5 before entering the implementation phase. For the practical implementation of ESA TDAs, the proposals for 2013 are firm, whereas the period beyond 2013 is provided for information only. The TDA list will continue to be revisited on a regular basis to reflect the evolution of the CV programme, the system studies and the results of ongoing activities. As a general rule TDAs which have been completed are removed from the plan. Identified activities under the responsibility of Member States are generally presented in one update of this TDP only. 4. Candidate Missions and Science Themes 4.1 Candidate missions This section provides an overview of L-class and M-class mission candidates. More details can be found on the Cosmic Vision web site JUICE L1 mission The JUICE mission to the Jovian system has been selected for the first L-Class launch slot in JUICE is a mission to Jupiter and its icy moons. The mission concept is based on multiple flybys of a number of Galilean Moons prior to eventually entering into orbit around Ganymede. A payload suite of 11 instruments including remote-sensing and in-situ suites will provide new insight into the Jovian system Potential Future L-Class Mission Candidates X-ray Observatory (ex-athe) is a next-generation X-ray space observatory designed to study the hot, million-degree universe (e.g. supermassive black holes, evolution of galaxies and large-scale structures and matter under extreme conditions). The observatory concept is based on novel telescope optics with the focal plane instrumentation consisting of a Wide Field Imager (WFI) and X-ray Microcalorimeter (XMS). Gravitational Wave Observatory (ex-ngo) will track for the first time the elusive gravity waves predicted by General Relativity, thus giving birth to a new kind of

12 Page 12 astronomy from space. Complementing the traditional astronomy studying the electromagnetic spectrum, the observatory will attempt to detect the tiny ripples of space-time due to the fundamental force of gravity Solar Orbiter and Euclid M1/M2 Missions Solar Orbiter has been adopted as the M1 mission for launch in 2017 and Euclid as the M2 mission for launch in Both missions are now in the Implementation Phase. A few related activities have been started before the mission adoptions and are nearing completion. Solar Orbiter will perform near sun in-situ measurements, using instruments to measure the solar wind, energetic particles, magnetic fields and radio- and plasma waves. Solar Orbiter will also produce high-resolution images and spectra of the Sun and its environment, using instruments in the visible, extreme ultra violet and X-rays. The mission is a collaboration with SA, that will provide the launcher and a contribution to science instrumentation. Euclid is an ESA mission which aims to study the geometry and the nature of the dark Universe (dark matter, dark energy) with unprecedented accuracy. For that purpose, the mission investigates the distance-redshift relationship and the evolution of the cosmic structures by measuring shapes and redshifts of distant galaxies out to redshifts ~ 2, or equivalently by looking back on 10 billion years of cosmic history. The Euclid payload consists of a single 1.2 m diameter telescope and two focal plane instruments, i.e. a visible imager (VIS) and a near-ir photo-spectrometer (NISP) M3 Mission Candidates The mission candidates for the third M-Class launch are described below: EChO is an ESA mission candidate that aims to characterise the atmosphere of known transiting exoplanets, potentially from giant Hot Jupiters down to Super-Earths orbiting in the habitable zone of M-dwarf stars. It will use a 1.2 m telescope, feeding a Vis-IR spectrometer covering the wave lengths from 0.4 to 11 microns with a potential extension to 16 microns. While spatial differentiation of the exoplanet and its host star is not necessary, spectral differentiation will be achieved by making differential measurements of in- and out- of transit frames to cancel the star signal. The Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT) is intended to answer fundamental questions about the motion of matter orbiting close to the event horizon of a black hole, and the state of matter in neutron stars, by detecting their very rapid X-ray flux and spectral variability. LOFT would carry two instruments: a Large Area Detector with an effective area far larger than current spaceborne X-ray detectors, and a Wide Field Monitor that would monitor a large fraction of the sky. With its high spectral resolution, LOFT would revolutionise studies of collapsed objects in our Galaxy and of the brightest supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. MarcoPolo-R is a mission to return a sample of material from a primitive near-earth asteroid (NEA) for detailed analysis in ground-based laboratories. The scientific data

13 Page 13 would help to answer key questions about the processes that occurred during planet formation and the evolution of the rocks that were the building blocks of terrestrial planets. The mission would also reveal whether NEAs contain pre-solar material not yet found in meteorite samples, determine the nature and origin of the organic compounds they contain, and possibly shed light on the origin of molecules necessary for life. The Space-Time Explorer and Quantum Test of the Equivalence Mission (STE- QUEST) is a ESA mission candidate to precisely measure the effects of gravity on time and matter using an atomic clock and an atom interferometer. It tests a fundamental assumption and one of the most fundamental predictions of Einstein's theory of General Relativity, the Equivalence principle through gravitational red-shift tests by comparing high precision clocks on ground and in space, and the free fall of quantum objects by comparing the evolution of ultra-cold atom clouds in free-fall. PLATO PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars aims to characterise exoplanetary systems by detecting planetary transits and conducting asteroseismology of their parent stars. The baseline design consists of a large number of refractive telescopes arranged in a sun-shielded payload module. PLATO successfully completed Phase A/B1 during M1/M2 competition and is being considered as M3 candidate Potential Mission of Opportunity SPICA (Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics), a JAXA led mission, following on the heritage of Herschel and ISO/ESA, Spitzer/SA and Akari/JAXA missions. The observatory will be equipped with a 3.2m Ø Ritchey- Chretien telescope. The core waveband is µm. The telescope is to be operated at a temperature of less than 6K. The telescope and instrument suite are cooled by a cryogenic cooling chain consisting of passive radiative cooling together with a series of mechanical coolers. Because of its high spatial resolution and unprecedented sensitivity, SPICA can address a number of key problems in modern astrophysics, ranging from galaxy and star-formation history to formation of planets and detection of exoplanets. The envisaged European contribution is the provision of the SPICA Telescope Assembly (STA), potential provision of ground segment support and the provision of the SPICA FAR Infrared Instrument (SAFARI) by a consortium of scientific institutes funded by the Members States. 4.2 Technology Themes for Future missions Following the outcome of the selection of the M3 mission candidates, the Astronomy Working Group (AWG) and the Solar System and Exploration Working Group (SSEWG) were invited to state their views on new technology development areas and their relative priorities for inclusion in the TDP. These recommendations were collated and presented to SPC in ESA/SPC(2011)27.

14 Page 14 Technology activities addressing several of the recommended areas are included in the Technologies Applicable to several Cosmic Vision Missions section of this plan. Due to the finite funding available, a subset of the recommendations is addressed in this plan, covering the top priorities, namely: Development of a European end-to-end cooling chain Transition Edge Sensor array detectors for astrophysics Sub-mm/Far-IR: Focal plane coupling and polarisation devices Deployable mast enabling increased focal lengths HgCdTe IR detector and readout technology GNC for low gravity landing/sampling It is the intention that additional technology areas will be addressed in future updates of this plan. 5. Critical Technologies Table 5/1 and 5/3 present the lists of critical technologies that have been identified for the Cosmic Vision mission candidates. This listing includes both ESA and national TDAs. Table 5/2 presents technology development areas identified for potential future L-Class mission candidates. L-Class Missions Mission Technology Area Technology Development Activities JUICE Components Radiation hard characterization: Digital components Memory Mixed analogue and digital Analog components On board computer Radiation environment Power AOCS Payload Penetrator option Assessment of S/C materials in Jovian environment. Environment modelling tools: charging, radiation dose etc. Radiation monitor providing environmental data LILT solar power systems Star tracker for high radiation environment. Vision-based navigation camera. Development of compact, highly integrated instrument and subsystem suites Radiation effects on payload shielding, redundancy, rad-hard component solutions etc. Penetrator and surface delivery system study

15 Page 15 Ground demonstration of impact survival of key systems Penetrator sub-systems: TMTC, OBDH, thermal, power Development of ruggedized low resource payloads Table 5/1 L1 mission JUICE critical technologies Potential Future L-Class Missions Mission Technology area Technology Development Activities X-ray Observatory X-ray Optics Mirror Module ruggedizing and environmental testing X-ray optics mass production processes Mirror module performance Petal breadboard Baffling system, mirror module level X-ray test facilities upgrading Payload Instrument read out electronics (cryogenic) Entrance windows and filters Detector developments WFI and XMS Performance studies, anti-coincidence methods Cryogenics Closed cycle dilution cooler Gravitational Wave Observatory Payload Cryocooler chain for TES based P/L Laser system Telescope/Optical Bench Metrology System Gravitational Reference Sensor and Electronics Table 5/2 Potential Future L-Class missions critical technologies M-Class Missions/Missions of Opportunity Mission Technology area Technology Development Activities MarcoPolo-R Re-entry technologies Development of lightweight ablative material (also in MREP) Hypersonic aerothermodynamics/ aerodynamic stability AOCS Autonomous GNC for NEO proximity navigation, landing and sampling operations GNC hardware radar altimeter, multibeam laser Mechanisms Sample acquisition (Touch and go sampling mechanism), transfer and containment EChO Mechanisms Fine steering cryogenics tip-tilt mechanism for secondary mirror Coolers Further development of hydrogen sorption

16 Page 16 Joule Thompson cooler Payload Development of low dark current NIR/MIR wavelength HgCdTe detectors LOFT Payload Large-area Silicon Drift Detectors and ASIC X-ray capillary plate collimator PLATO (TBD) Payload High-speed, high dynamic range CCD Refractive telescope breadboard SPICA (TBD) Cryogenic Mirror Lightweight primary mirror demonstrator Secondary mirror cryogenic refocusing mechanism Payload SAFARI: Detector/readout development SAFARI: 50 mk ADR SAFARI: Cryogenic mechanisms SAFARI: Fourier Transform Spectrometer BB STE-QUEST Time/Frequency Dissemination Optical link development Microwave link development Payload PHARAO microwave source delta devel. PHARAO atom tube delta development Development/qualification of high finesse reference optical cavity for MOLO Microwave-optical frequency generation using optical frequency comb technology Delta Development and qualification of a frequency generation, comparison and distribution unit Atom Interferometer (AI) laser source Development and qualification of a dualspecies Rb 85/87 AI Physics Package Table 5/3 M-Class Missions/Mission of Opportunity critical technologies 6. Key to table and activity template fields The following table provides a summary of the information contained in the summary tables and activity templates. Programme: IPC Approval: Programme budget foreseen for the activity Indicates approval status of activity. IPC means approval of that activity is requested in the current document. N/A means TDA value is below 500k and has had AC approval if applicable. A year entry e.g. Y2008 indicates prior IPC/AC approval of an activity.

17 Page 17 Reference: Activity Budget: Procurement Policy (PP): Country: ITT: Unique ESA generated reference for TDA Title of the proposed TDA The total Authorisation (CA) values are given in KEURO, at yearly economic conditions. The year for which the budget is intended is specified. Procurement Types: C = Open Competitive Tender; (Ref. ESA Procurement Regulations) C(1)* = Activity restricted to non-prime contractors (incl. SMEs). C(2)* = A relevant participation (in terms o f quality and quantity) of non-primes (incl. SMEs) is required. C(3)* = Activity restricted to SMEs & R&D Entities C(4)* = Activity subject to SME subcontracting clause C(R) = Competition is restricted to a few companies, indicated in the "Remarks'' column; (Ref. ESA Procurement Regulations) DN/C = Direct Negotiation/Continuation; the contract will be awarded in continuation to an existing contract; (Ref. ESA Procurement Regulations) DN/S = Direct Negotiation/Specialisation; the contract will be awarded by direct negotiation in implementation of a defined industrial policy or resulting from a sole supplier situation; (Ref. ESA Procurement Regulations) * See ESA/IPC(2001)29, Industry has been informed, through the EMITS "News", of the content of that document. Indicates the country in the case of a special initiative or direct negotiation. The quarter when the ITT is intended to be issued.

18 Page 18 SW clause applicability: Remarks: : : : Current TRL: Target TRL: Technology Readiness Level definition Special approval is required for activities labelled: either Operational Software or Open Source Code, for which the Clauses/sub-clauses 42.8 and 42.9 ( Operational Software ) and and ( Open Source Code ) of the General Clauses and Conditions for ESA s (ESA/REG/002), respectively, are applicable. Additional information of relevance to the procurement e.g. DN with a specific contractor. The aims of the proposed TDA. Overview of the work to be performed. Provides a short description of the tangible outcome e.g. breadboard, demonstrator, S/W, test data. A final report is standard for every activity. Describes the current Technology Readiness Level of the product that is going to be developed in this activity. The TRL expected for the product at the end of the activity. For equipments TRP usually concludes with TRL 3, CTP at TRL 5/6. However in the case of components target TRL in TRP could be higher. It is also understood that TRLs do not apply to S/W and tools. For these cases description of SW quality, i.e.: architecture, beta version, prototype, or full operational, achieved at the end of the activity. Describes the required TRL and date for the technology development of which the respective activity is part of on the base of the maturity required by the application. The general rule is that a requirement specifies the need date for a product. For equipments/payloads this is in general TRL 5/6, - the level generally required for Phase B of a project. The exceptions are components, where TRL 8 (flight readiness) should be achieved. For S/W and tools separate readiness levels are defined below TRL 1 - Basic principles observed and

19 Page 19 used in this technology development plan: Technology Readiness Levels for S/W and tools : Consistency with Harmonisation reported TRL 2 - Technology concept and/or application formulated TRL 3 - Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof-of-concept TRL 4 - Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment TRL 5 - Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment TRL 6 - System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment (ground or space) TRL 7 - System prototype demonstration in a space environment TRL 8 - Actual system completed and "flight qualified" through test and demonstration (ground or space) TRL 9 - Actual system "flight proven" through successful mission operations Algorithm: Single algorithms are implemented and tested to allow their characterisation and feasibility demonstration. Prototype: A subset of the overall functionality is implemented to allow e.g. the demonstration of performance. Beta Version: Implementation of all the software (software tool) functionality is complete. Verification & Validation process is partially completed (or completed for only a subset of the functionality). S/W Release: Verification and Validation process is complete for the intended scope. The software (software tool) can be used in an operational context. Possible mission application/follow-on. Duration of the activity in months. Identifies the related requirement in the database Identifies the related Harmonisation

20 Page 20 Roadmap and conclusion: Roadmap Requirement Table 6/1 Technology Development Plan Field

21 Annex 0 Budget Summary Tables

22 Mission Programme Total L1- JUICE CTP TRP Total Potential Future L-Mission Candidate: ATHE CTP Total Potential Future L-Mission Candidate: elisa CTP Total M-Mission Candidate: EChO CTP Total M-Mission Candidate: MarcoPolo-R CTP TRP Total M-Mission Candidate: STE-QUEST CTP TRP Total Technologies applicable to Several Cosmic Vision Missions CTP TRP Total Grand Total CTP Grand Total TRP Grand Total ESA Page 2 of 2

23 Annex I a List of ESA Cosmic Vision Technology Development Activities This annex contains per mission a complete listing of the technology development activities that are both running and planned. Annex II contains detailed activity descriptions.

24 Summary of all new and modified ESA activities seeking approval for 2013 L1- JUICE Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. CTP IPC C PA Activity Title Penetrator development within the framework of a Jovian moon mission - Phase3 Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab DN/C UK N/A CTP N/A C EC Design of a Vision-Based navigation camera for JUICE C(2) N/A CTP N/A C EC Advanced Health Management and Autonomous Safe Mode for Interplanetary Missions C N/A TRP N/A T EE Charging Tools for the JUICE Mission C(3) Operational SW Remarks Special Measure for UK. IPC approval sought for PP change to DN/C with Astrium (UK) led consortium. TRP N/A T QE Radiation evaluation of icoupler technology C(3) N/A Possible StrIn activity TRP N/A T QE TRP N/A T QE TRP N/A T QE Verification of 60Co TID testing representativeness for EEE components flown in the Jupiter electron environment Total Ionizing Dose influence on the single event effect sensitivity of active EEE components Validation of "effective nonionising energy loss (NIEL)" for high energy (>1MeV) electrons in Silicon DN/S PT N/A Special Measure for PT. DN/S with LIP (PT) C(3) N/A Possible StrIn activity C(3) N/A Possible StrIn activity CTP Y2011 C QE Radiation testing of memories for the JUICE mission C N/A Total L1- JUICE Activity title changed from Qualification of radiation tolerant FLASH memory and description updated. ITT with preferential StrIn clause. Page 2 of 20

25 Potential Future L-Mission Candidate: elisa Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. Activity Title Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab. CTP IPC C MM elisa laser system engineering qualification model DN/S DE N/A DN/S with TESAT (DE). CTP IPC C MM High-power laser system for elisa DN/S PT N/A Total Potential Future L-Mission Candidate: elisa Remarks Special Measure for PT. DN/S with LUSOSPACE (PT). Replaces C PW M-Mission Candidate: EChO Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. Activity Title Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab. CTP IPC C MS EChO telescope secondary mirror mechanism C(1) N/A Total - M-Mission Candidate: EChO Remarks Activity will consist of two parallel phase 1 and one phase 2. Phase 1 will also consider the SPICA requirements. Page 3 of 20

26 M-Mission Candidate: MarcoPolo-R Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. Activity Title Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab. CTP N/A C MP Design of a crushable TPS for the ERC DN/S PT N/A CTP N/A C EC Fast Mission Operations Platform for small body GNC DN/S PT N/A CTP N/A C EC CTP IPC C MP CTP N/A C MP Autonomous Vision-Based Navigation camera for Marco Polo-R mission with Image-Processing Algorithms Thrusters plume contamination and interaction database and assessment T6 Gridded Ion Engine extended operation range verification: performance characterisation test and lifetime assessment for thrust levels down to 50mN DN/C ES N/A C(3) N/A Remarks Special Measure for PT. ITT has been issued as open competition in MREP. Two proposals received from PT. Special Measure for PT. DN/C with GMV(PT). DN/C with GMV(ES) led consortium. This activity will be procured as a CCN to the activity C EC DN/C UK N/A DN/C with QinetiQ (UK). CTP IPC C MS Touch and go mechanism breadboard design and test C(1) N/A Possible StrIn activity CTP IPC C MM Miniaturized Imaging Laser Altimeter C(1) N/A Possible StrIn activity Total - M-Mission Candidate: MarcoPolo-R Page 4 of 20

27 M-Mission Candidate: STE-QUEST Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. CTP IPC C MM CTP IPC C FA CTP IPC C FA-B Activity Title STE-QUEST optical link development for time-and frequency transfer High Performance Time and Frequency Link - Microwave High Performance Time and Frequency Link - Microwave Budget Total - M-Mission Candidate: STE-QUEST PP C'try SW Clause applicab C(1) N/A C(1) N/A Parallel contract C(1) N/A Parallel contract Remarks Technologies applicable to several Cosmic Vision Missions Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. CTP IPC C MT CTP IPC C FI Activity Title Detector cooling system including cryostat and active coolers down to 50mK Optimization of a European Transition Edge Sensor array Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab C N/A C(3) N/A Remarks Previously approved for 2000k in ESA/IPC(2011)81,rev.1. IPC approval sought for budget increase to 2650k and procurement policy change to C. In line with recommendations of ESA/SPC(2011)27. In line with recommendations of ESA/SPC(2011)27. TRP N/A T MM Compact optical communication and imaging system C(1) N/A Possible StrIn activity CTP N/A C FA Micro-Channel Plate High-Energy Collimator C(1) N/A Also applicable to LOFT. CTP IPC C QT Evaluation of in situ molecular contamination sensor for space use C(3) N/A Generically useful for contamination monitoring. Possible StrIn activity CTP IPC C ET GaN MMIC based solid state amplifier for X band for C N/A Improving spacecraft communication Page 5 of 20

28 Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. Activity Title long range high capacity communication Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab. TRP IPC T ET TT&C Subsystems Architectural Optimisation C N/A CTP IPC C EC High Accuracy Star Tracker C(1) N/A TRP N/A T EC Control Moment Gyro based AOCS C N/A CTP IPC C MS Large stable deployable structures for future science missions Total - Technologies applicable to several Cosmic Vision Missions C N/A Remarks capability and reducing resource requirements. In line with recommendations of ESA/SPC(2011)27. Page 6 of 20

29 Removed Activities Potential Future L-Mission Candidate: elisa Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. Activity Title Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab. CTP N/A C PW LISA metrology system end-to-end characterization N/A For information CTP Y2008 C PW High-power laser system for LISA C(2) N/A CTP Y2010 C MM Tuneable laser frequency reference C(1) N/A CTP Y2010 C PW LISA Optical Assembly Articulation Mechanism (OAAM) C(2) N/A CTP Y2010 C PW LISA Inertial Sensor final design DN/S I N/A CTP Y2008 C PW Outgassing and Contamination characterization for LISA C(2) N/A Remarks DN is proposed with LISA Pathfinder GRS contractor (CGS (I)) CTP Y2009 C PW LISA micropropulsion lifetime characterization DN/C I N/A DN/C with ALTA (IT) Total Potential Future L-Mission Candidate: elisa M-Mission Candidate: Euclid Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. Activity Title Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab. CTP Y2009 C MP-B Delta Development of Cold Gas Propulsion for Euclid C N/A Total - M-Mission Candidate: Euclid Remarks Page 7 of 20

30 Mission of Opportunity: SPICA Prog. IPC Appr. CTP Y2009 ESA Ref. C MM CTP Y2009 C MM-B CTP N/A C MM Activity Title SPICA Telescope focussing mechanism for secondary mirror - Phase 1 SPICA Telescope focussing mechanism for secondary mirror - Phase 1 SPICA Telescope focussing mechanism for secondary mirror - Phase 2 Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab C C CTP Y2009 C MM Light-weight mirror demonstrator breadboard in Sic C CTP Y2009 C MM Light-weight mirror demonstrator breadboard in HB- Cesic Total Mission of Opportunity: SPICA C Remarks Parallel competitive phase 1: 2 contracts at 250 ke. Subject to SPC confirmation. Parallel competitive phase 1: 2 contracts at 250 ke. Subject to SPC confirmation. For information. Single phase 2 contract. Subject to SPC confirmation. Parallel contract to C MM. Subject to SPC confirmation. Parallel contract to C MM. Subject to SPC confirmation. Technologies applicable to several Cosmic Vision Missions Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. Activity Title Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab. CTP N/A C MM Back-up IXO optics technology - Phase N/A TRP N/A T MM High performance frequency dissemination techniques - Phase 2 Total - Technologies applicable to several Cosmic Vision Missions For information Remarks ATHE was not selected as L1. Activity may be revisited depending upon future L-mission selection. Page 8 of 20

31 Complete List of Running and Planned Activities The following tables are a complete list of those activities which are: Running since 2009 i.e. activities for which contracts have been signed In preparation for implementation Foreseen to be implemented up to and including 2014 L1- JUICE Prog. IPC Appr. ESA Ref. Activity Title Budget PP C'try SW Clause applicab. CTP N/A C GS Ka Band High Power Amplifier Industrialization N/A For information TRP N/A T EE Development of a ground tropospheric media calibration system for accurate ranging of space science missions N/A For information CTP Y2012 C ED Scalable Sensor Data Processor C(2) N/A Activity approved in ESA/IPC(2012)81 TRP Y2006 T MM Demonstration of the deployment of a highly integrated low power ice penetrating radar antenna Remarks C(2) IT N/A TDA is running. TAS(IT) TRP Y2008 T ED Low mass SpaceWire C(1) UK N/A CTP Y2009 C EP Solar cell LILT design optimisation and characterisation C DE N/A CTP Y2011 C EP Qualification of integrated LILT solar cells C N/A TRP Y2011 T QI CTP Y2009 C PA CTP IPC C PA Material compatibility assessment with a hydrogen peroxide sterilisation process Penetrator development within framework of a Jovian moon mission - Phase2 Penetrator development within the framework of a Jovian moon mission - Phase3 TDA is running. AXON (UK) + subs. 150 k in 2009 TDA is running. AZUR (DE) + subs. 900 k in C(3) N/A ITT with StrIn preferential clause C(R) UK N/A DN/C UK N/A Phase 1 is C PA. Special Measure for UK. TDA is running. Astrium (UK) + subs. CCN of 155 k to be placed. Phase 2 is C PA. Special Measure for UK. IPC approval sought for PP change to DN/C with Astrium (UK) led consortium. Page 9 of 20