Handbook of Quantitative Science and Technology Research

Transcription

1 Handbook of Quantitative Science and Technology Research

2 Handbook of Quantitative Science and Technology Research The Use of Publication and Patent Statistics in Studies of S&T Systems edited by Henk F. Moed Centre for Science and Technology Studies, University of Leiden, The Netherlands Wolfgang Glänzel Steunpunt O&O Statistieken, K.U. Leuven, Belgium and Ulrich Schmoch Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe, Germany KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW

3 ebook ISBN: Print ISBN: Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. Print 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this ebook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Springer's ebookstore at: and the Springer Global Website Online at:

4 Contents Preface ix Editors' Introduction 1 HENK F. MOED, WOLFGANG GLÄNZEL, AND ULRICH SCHMOCH PART 1: DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES Measuring Science 19 ANTHONY F.J. VAN RAAN 2. Econometric Approaches to the Analysis of Productivity of R&D Systems 51 ANDREA BONACCORSI AND CINZIA DARAIO 3. Indicators for National Science and Technology Policy 75 HARIOLF GRUPP AND MARY ELLEN MOGEE 4. Keeping the Gates of Science Journals 95 TIBOR BRAUN 5. S&T Indicators for Policy Making in a Changing Science Society Relationship 115 RÉMI BARRÉ

5 vi Handbook of Quantitative S&T Research 6. Paradigms and Trajectories of Technological Opportunities BIRGITTE ANDERSEN 7. Science on the Periphery: Bridging the Information Divide 163 SUBBIAH ARUNACHALAM PART 2: GENERAL METHODOLOGY Data Mining and Text Mining for Science & Technology Research 187 EDDA L EOPOLD, MICHAEL MAY AND GERHARD PAAß 9. Opening the Black Box 215 SYBILLE HINZE AND ULRICH SCHMOCH 10. Science Maps within a Science Policy Context 237 ED C.M. NOYONS 11. Analysing Scientific Networks through Co-Authorship 257 WOLFGANG GLÄNZEL AND ANDRÁS SCHUBERT 12. Patent Citations and the Economic Value of Patents 277 BHAVEN N. SAMPAT AND ARVIDS A. ZIEDONIS 13. Scientific and Technological Performance by Gender 299 FULVIO NALDI, DANIELA LUZI, ADRIANA VALENTE, AND ILARIA VANNINI PARENTI 14. The Use of Input Data in the Performance Analysis of R&D Systems 315 MARC LUWEL 15. Methodological Issues of Webometric Studies 339 PETER INGWERSEN AND LENNART BJÖRNEBORN PART 3: THE SCIENCE SYSTEM Descriptive versus Evaluative Bibliometrics 373 THED VAN LEEUWEN 17. What Happens when Funding Is Linked to Publication Counts? 389 LINDA BUTLER

6 Contents vii 18. Internationalisation in Science in the Prism of Bibliometric Indicators 407 MICHEL ZITT AND ELISE BASSECOULARD 19. Analysis of Cross-Disciplinary Research through Bibliometric Tools 437 MARÍA BORDONS, FERNANDA MORILLO, AND ISABEL GÓMEZ 20. Citations to Papers from Other Documents 457 GRANT LEWISON 21. The Four Literatures of Social Science 473 DIANA HICKS 22. Evaluation of Research Performance and Scientometric Indicators in China 497 BIHUI JIN AND RONALD ROUSSEAU 23. Decomposing National Trends in Activity and Impact 515 OLLE PERSSON AND RICKARD DANELL PART 4: THE TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM National Patterns of Technology Accumulation: Use of Patent Statistics 531 LIONEL NESTA AND PARI PATEL 25. Using Patent Citation Indicators to Manage a Stock Portfolio 553 FRANCIS NARIN, ANTHONY BREITZMAN, AND PATRICK THOMAS 26. Patent Data for Monitoring S&T Portfolios 569 KOENRAAD DEBACKERE AND MARC LUWEL 27. Patent Profiling for Competitive Advantage 587 ALAN L. PORTER AND NILS C. NEWMAN 28. Knowledge Networks from Patent Data 613 STEFANO BRESCHI AND FRANCESCO LISSONI 29. Measuring the Internationalisation of the Generation of Knowledge 645 DOMINIQUE GUELLEC AND BRUNO VAN POTTELSBERGHE DE LA POTTERIE

7 viii Handbook of Quantitative S&T Research PART 5: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INTERFACE Patents and Publications 665 ELISE BASSECOULARD AND MICHEL ZITT 31. Measuring and Evaluating Science Technology Connections and Interactions 695 ROBERT J.W. TIJSSEN 32. The Technological Output of Scientific Institutions 717 ULRICH SCHMOCH 33. Specialisation and Integration 733 STEFANO BRUSONI AND ALDO GEUNA 34. Science and Technology Systems in Less Developed Countries 759 EDUARDO DA MOTTA E ALBUQUERQUE About the Authors 779 Subject Index 795

8 Preface This handbook offers a state-of-the-art overview of quantitative science and technology research. It focuses on the development and application of indicators derived from data on scientific or scholarly publications and patents. It comprises 34 chapters written by leading specialists in the various sub-domains. These chapters deal with theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, and highlight their policy context and relevance. Authors present a survey of the research topics they address, and show their most recent achievements. The 34 chapters are arranged into 5 parts: Disciplinary Approaches; General Methodology; The Science System; The Technology System; and The Science Technology Interface. The Editor s Introduction provides a further specification of the handbook s scope and of the main topics addressed in its chapters. This handbook aims at four distinct groups of readers: practitioners in the field of science and technology studies; research students in this field; scientists, scholars and technicians who are interested in a systematic, thorough analysis of their activities; policy makers and administrators who wish to be informed about the potentialities and limitations of the various approaches and about their results. The current handbook can be considered as the successor of the Handbook of Quantitative Science and Technology Studies edited by Anthony van Raan and published in 1988 (Amsterdam: North-Holland).

9 x Handbook of Quantitative S&T Research We are most grateful to all contributors to the handbook for their enormous efforts to provide us with a series of excellent papers. We wish to thank Suze van der Luijt, Ed Noyons, and Renald Buter (CWTS) for their help in the technical editing process and in the preparation of the handbook s Subject Index. Ulrich Schmoch gratefully acknowledges financial support for his editorial work from the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). Henk F. Moed, Wolfgang Glänzel, and Ulrich Schmoch