How to maintain the human in the loop?

Transcription

1 How to maintain the human in the loop? Digital Ship Bergen 2014 Thor Hukkelås, M.Sc. Principal Engineer Marine Operations Business Development, Kongsberg Maritime AS

2 Outline Background: Demanding marine operations & Modern ships bridges Challenges: How to reduce complexity and avoid information overload on the bridge? How to design for optimal Situational Awareness & Decision Support? How to support good human decision making? How to provide for proper training? Meeting the challenges: K-Master The R&D project SITUMAR

3 But first, - the loop

4 Cause Nature / Reality / Environment Effect Observe Observe Human Learning by observing

5 Cause Nature / Reality / Environment Effect Act Observe Human Learning by doing / Human in the loop

6 Cause Nature / Reality / Environment Effect Act Measure Act Machines Human Observe Human Doing by Machines

7 Cause Nature / Reality / Environment Effect Act Observe Act Machines Human Observe Human Human back in the loop??

8 The First Machine Age

9 Driving the Tesla Model S is like using an ipad, thanks to leading-edge interior The Second Machine Age

10 Are we loosing control of the machines? Humans should think Machines should work.

11 Pushing the limits Deeper waters, colder waters, heavier loads, larger forces, tougher environment and more demanding weather. Control systems, organizations and tasks are becoming increasingly more complex and complicated. The consequences of making wrong decisions during failure or stress situations can be disastrous and may have catastrophic implications.

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14 Dynamic Positioning (DP) of Diving Support Vessel «DP is 99% boredom and 1% panic»

15 What s wrong with the current situation? Human-Machine-Interface (HMI): Users are flooded with too much information, and lose mastery of the situation. Alarms: In alarm situations, many buttons and indicators start flashing. Heartbeats race, without a sense of what can be done. When the screen is filled up with alarms, the operator just has to pick out some using gut instinct. General We think with our spine. We don t read manuals

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18 Has the evolution of man s cognitive abilities kept pace with the development of technology?

19 SITUMAR Situation Awareness & Decision Support for demanding Marine Operations A KM R&D project sponsored by the Research Council of Norway HOW to: increase Safety increase Efficiency lower the Environmental Footprint WHILE maintaining the «Human in the loop» WHEN performing marine operations

20 SITUMAR From theory to product 01/02/12 01/01/13 01/01/14 31/12/14 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Literature Studies General information collection and research with special emphases on Human Factors, Decision Making and the importance of Situation Awareness. Case studies of selected marine operations We go on board and perform Task Analysis (what is actually done during Planning, Execution, Evaluation etc.) System Design Building prototypes in simulator environment User-evaluation of prototype in a realistic, simulated environment Reporting and requirement validation

21 SITUMAR User centred design 1. Active involvement of users and understanding of user and task requirements. 2. Appropriate allocation of functions between users and technology. 3. Iteration of design solutions. 4. Multidisciplinary design team. If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses. Henry Ford Ask them what they do and observe them doing it

22 Situation Awareness Human Decision Making

23 What is Situation Awareness (SA)? Basically, SA is being aware of what is happening around you and understanding what that information means to you now and in the future. The formal definition of SA breaks down into three separate levels: Level 1 perception of the elements in the environment Level 2 comprehension of the current situation, and Level 3 projection of future status Source: Designing for Situation Awareness. An Approach to User-Centered Design. Endsley, Bolte, Jones.

24 SITUMAR Situation Awareness & Decision Support for demanding Marine Operations

25 SITUMAR Decision Support systems should be Proactive, not Reactive Barriers Planning & Preparation Normal Situation Abnormal Situation Recovery

26 SITUMAR Thinking slow, thinking fast Time Criticality

27 SITUMAR Train as you fight fight as you train Skill Can you do this?? Do you know this?? Time

28 SITUMAR KM s Design Thinking User Centered Design New 360 degrees seamless integrated bridge Unified HMI across subsystems (e.g. K-Master) Focus on ship handling, not on operating systems Re-inventing the DP => Giving it back to the mariner New information design: Multi Sensor Fusion => Dramatic reduction of # of displays Task-oriented design focus on what to do Correct Information when you need it, where you need it New training design: Harmonized info development with Training requirements Increased focus on skill training Train as you fight fight as you train New Decision Support design: Re-thinking Alarm Handling philosophy Building barriers going from re-active to pro-active

29 SITUMAR The seamless integrated bridge Harmonized ship handling units & Unified HMI across subsystems

30 K-Master The complete OSV Aft Bridge Operator Station K-Master Unified HMI - A true integration of several systems with a common look & feel. / 30 / 10-Mar-14

31 SITUMAR Simplification simplification - simplification

32 SITUMAR Harmonized ship handling units Giving the DP back to the mariner WORLD CLASS - through people, technology and Page 33

33 SITUMAR Multi Sensor Fusion & Maritime Situational Awareness Displays

34 SITUMAR Task-oriented Design: Technology should adapt to humans, not the other way around! Tech think Human think Task think Machines should work Humans should think

35 SITUMAR Task-oriented Design new Anchor Handling Concept

36 Thank you for your attention