IN 5510 Analytical Perspectives on Design. Guri Verne Design group Nov 5 th 2018

Transcription

1 IN 5510 Analytical Perspectives on Design Guri Verne Design group Nov 5 th 2018

2 How to analyse and discuss your project Your project etc.. seen through the researcher s glasses

3 What is an analysis? The separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements. wikipedia: the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. Ancient Greek: ἀνάλυσις (analusis, "a breaking up", from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening")

4 Analysis versus opinions Hierarchical Task Analysis An analysis: Structured account Clear about criteria Based on a theory.. gives concepts Helps your understanding

5 Report IN 5510 Your design process product, prototype

6 Report Your design process experimental, design choices use, users participation, participants product, prototype preconditions, effects, how it functioned, where ideas came from INF 5722 change, future use, ethics, what will the technology do?

7 Report INF 5722 Your design process product, prototype What can you analyse? The process participation, experimental, design choices, The prototypes how they functioned, where ideas came from,.. The product(s) use, users, performativity (What will the technology do?),

8 Report Your design process experimental, design choices use, users participants product, prototype How can you analyse? preconditions, effects, how it functioned, where ideas came from INF 5722 change, future use, ethics, what will the technology do? Concepts and theory will help!! Concepts can help you describe interesting elements and pick them out Examples follows:

9 The design process 1 The three circles of involvement core periphery context Löwgren & Stolterman (2005)

10 The design process 2 Vision The dialectic early stages of the design process Convergence divergence Operative Image Specification

11 The design process 3 +convergence/ divergence (Löwgren&Stolterman (2005, p30), Sefyrin&Mörtberg 2010) The front end of the design process has been growing as designers move closer to the future users of what they design. (Sanders & Stappers 2008, p. 6)

12 The design process 4 Design moves Seeing-moving-seeing Conversation with the material Discovered consequences Different domains Design as a cumulative process of discovery (Schön & Wiggins, 1992)

13 Participation in what? «Participation at the moment of idea generation» (Nigel Cross in Sanders and Stappers (2008)) «Participation at the moment of decision» (Sanders and Stappers (2008), Bratteteig and Wagner (2014)) «A participatory result» (Sanders and Stappers (2008), Bratteteig and Wagner (2014))

14 Map of design research underlying dimensions Sanders, L (2008) An Evolving Map of Design Practice and Design Research, Interactions, November-December 2008, pp

15 Expert Mindset users seen as subjects (reactive informers) Participatory Mindset users seen as partners (active co-creators) Figure 2 Map of design research research types (Sanders 2008) Sanders, L (2008) An evolving map of design practice and design research, Interactions, November-December 2008, pp

16 Research through design «I suggest that, rather than aiming to develop increasingly comprehensive theories of design, practice based research might better view theory as annotation of realised design examples, and particularly portfolios of related pieces. Overall, I suggest that the design research community should be wary of impulses towards convergence and standardisation, and instead take pride in its aptitude for exploring and speculating, particularizing and diversifying, and - especially - its ability to manifest the results in the form of new, conceptually rich artefacts (Gaver 2012). RtD has similarities and is very different from PD

17 Participatory Design guiding principles Equalizing power relations Democratic practices Situation-based actions Mutual learning Tools and techniques Alternative visions of technology Page

18 Prototyping Things-to-think-with Conversation with materials and situations They talk back Develop common ground Help define the problems Boundary object (Brandt 2007)

19 Boundary objects Fig. 5 The mock-ups act as boundary objects where different people can have different understandings of the same model (Brandt 2007, p. 188)

20 Feminist perspectives Located accountabilities (Lucy Suchman 2002) Performativity a different epistemology ( Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter, Karen Barad, Signs, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2003)

21 Located accountabilities in technology production Alternative bases for a politics of professional design practice Design from nowhere Detached intimacy Design from somewhere

22 Design from nowhere IT systems are constructed from nowhere to everyone, or the designers are seeing everyone but not seeing themselves How the disciplines are organised separate use and design. No one is responsible for the outcomes of collective labour. Lucy Suchman (2002)

23 Detached intimacy Distance from the specific sites of technologies-in-use Intimate relations with their own professions and with the companies Own experience as basis for understanding use Lucy Suchman (2002)

24 Design from Somewhere: Knowledge is partial, located and situated Extended set of working relations Dependent on a range of actors Connections are partial (Lucy Suchman (2002))

25 Performativity A different epistemology: Both human and material/technological agency Reality is becoming, - performed Subjects and objects are not pre-given, but mutually constituted An example is needed.. ( Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter, Karen Barad, Signs, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2003)

26 What does a design do? What have you designed? Who does what? What is becoming? An example from my garden:

27 Introducing Roberto - the robot lawn mower Preconditions: Electronic fence Uncomplicated garden, smooth lawn, no stairs, few corners, inclination less than 20%, few bushes and trees

28 Installing a base:

29 A base:

30 A base with a roof: Taking care of the technology

31 Electronic fence

32 Crash and error messages Garden too steep:

33 Transforming the garden

34 Transforming the garden 2 Work to do:

35 Transforming

36 Transforming

37 Transforming

38 Improving

39 Roberto s random movements

40 Smooth lawn 1:

41 Smooth lawn 2:

42 Smooth lawn 3:

43 Smooth lawn 4: Outside the electronic fence

44 Smooth lawn 5:

45 Smooth lawn 6:

46 Smooth lawn 7: Variety becomes unwanted?

47 Preconditions: Cannot have apples, or tools or trampoline or toys or stairs on the lawn Who does the transformations?

48 Different kinds of work The installation Surveillance and care (with coffee) Change the installation (move the «fence») Adapting the garden: Smoothening the lawn Changed attitudes and behaviour Keep the garden tidy, standardisation Performativity What does a design do? (MacKenzie, 2006)

49 Conclusion and discussion: The lawn is more like Roberto s preconditions than at the start How have these changes come about?

50 References MacKenzie, D. (2006). An Engine, Not a Camera: How Financial Models Shape Markets. Cambridge, Ma.: MIT Press. Verne (2018) Investigating inseparability, agency and performativity: Intra-acting with the robotic lawn mower, under review