Maritime & Defence Dual-Use Conference 4 April Session 3 Exploiting growth in sensor platforms and autonomy. Rear Admiral Paul Bennett (RN)

Transcription

1 Maritime & Defence Dual-Use Conference 4 April 2017 Session 3 Exploiting growth in sensor platforms and autonomy Rear Admiral Paul Bennett (RN) 1

2 RAdm Paul Bennett CB OBE Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Capability) 21 MAR 17 GENERIC FLEET OPS BRIEF Force Development Mine Countermeasures & Hydrographic Capability Type 26 Global Combat Ship Anti Submarine Warfare Vision Adaptability Mission Modules 2

3 Exploiting Innovation in the Air From this Through this To this High Cost Resource Intensive Bespoke UK Solutions Operational Concept Demonstration of current platforms to inform Investment in high persistence, lower cost of ownership capabilities Working with UK Industry to develop exportable solutions to a global requirement Unmanned Warrior The Royal Navy will lead and win through the innovative and robust exploitation of Maritime Autonomous Systems. 3

4 Bad guys have this stuff Maritime Capability 4

5 Rise of Autonomous Systems Thinking Differently Conclusion 5

6 Gwyn Griffiths (Autonomous Analytics) Maritime and Defence Dual-Use Conference 2017 Exploiting growth in sensor platforms and autonomy Technical barriers that need to be overcome Gwyn Griffiths Autonomous Analytics 6

7 Technical Advances in Sub-System Technologies Lithium Ion / Lithium Polymer Lithium Sulphur Video courtesy Oxis Energy. Table courtesy Steatite and Oxis Energy Real Crux: Availability & Reliability Operational Availability: A measure of how often a system is in the operable and committable state when called for at a random time, expressed as percentage of time a system can be expected to be in place and working when needed. Platform Requirement Actual Predator RQ-1A (concept demonstrator) Predator RQ-1B (early production) N/A Pioneer RQ-2A ( ) Pioneer RQ-2B Hunter RQ-5 (reliability enhanced ) Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Undersea Glider Autonomous Surface Vehicle Source: Office of the Secretary of Defense, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle reliability study, Was available at 7

8 Underwater Vehicle Instantaneous (Point) Availability A Markov Chain Model p 11 Discrete states from the state space X 1 Dp = Initial pre-test state on deck X 2 Dr = Post-test state on deck, ready to launch X 3 O = Overboard, ready for pre-dive checks X 4 Dv = Dive X Sh = Submerged, in holding/test pattern Brito & Griffiths (2011). IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 36(1), X 6 U = Underway X 7 L = Lost X 8 R = Recovery X 9 F = Found X 10 S = Salvaged X 11 Sc = Scrapped, beyond economic repair Expert Judgment Example: Autosub3 Desired path to begin mission Dp -> Dr -> O -> Dv -> Sh -> U p 1,2 x p 2,3 x p 3,4 x p 4,5 x p 5, x 0.94 x 0.97 x x 0.98 Instantaneous Availability = 75% And then we have underway reliability Brito & Griffiths (2011). IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 36(1),

9 Underway Reliability: US Navy Unmanned Platform 1993 Programme begins Investigation by the Office of Performance Assessments and Root Cause Analyses cited a failure to effectively address the *** Vehicle s insufficient reliability as a factor in cost over-run Director, Operational Test and Evaluation: Testing of the *** provides no statistical evidence of reliability improvement... Moreover, the current estimates of reliabilities are 22.7 and 18.3 hours Mean Time Between Operational Mission Failure, which are well-short of what is needed. The requirement is understood to be 75 hours Programme cancelled. Sources: Dual Use Platform Undersea Glider Units sold per year 1986: Notebook sketches by Doug Webb for Slocum glider. Research, development, test and evaluation supported by US Office of Naval Research and other agencies hand-inhand with research community. 2002: First sales to research community, shallow version. 2006: Three deep Slocum gliders delivered to UK National Oceanography Centre. 2008: Webb Research acquired by Teledyne Technologies. 2011: Teledyne Brown receives Full Rate Production US Navy contract for 135 gliders. By which time 194 Slocum gliders had been delivered, most to the research community. Annual sales data courtesy Teledyne Webb Research 9

10 Reliability Growth of NOC Slocums Based on data in: Euridge (2008) The Use of Autonomous Underwater Gliders as part of a System for Monitoring the Meridional Overturning Circulation, University of Southampton MSc thesis. Example Webb Research Root Cause Analysis: Premature Bellows Failure Air pump V b Bellows Oil pump Ext. bladder V e Below: Scanning Electron Micrograph of a failed bellows. Bottom left: Finite Element Analysis analysis of bellows with thinned plate due to pressing fault. Root cause: a pressing fault causing thinning leading to premature failure Images courtesy of Teledyne Webb Research 10

11 Wind Speed m/s AutoNaut Wave-Propelled Surface Vessel: Ruggedized for Defence after Research Experience Marine Research 2014 Unmanned Warrior 2016 Images and data courtesy AutoNaut Ltd. and Seiche Water Group. Wind Speed: AutoNaut (Blue), Lightship (red) Teledyne Defence Phobos RESM Threat warner Improving Reliability: Co-operative example Manufacturer, User, Defence & Research ISE Explorer AUV under ice mapping in support of Frequency Probability of successful mitigation Brito, Griffiths et al. (2012). J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 29: Map and image courtesy Project Cornerstone Newsletters. Canada s UNCLOS Article 76 claim. ISE, Natural Resources Canada, Defence Research and Development Canada, NOC AUV reliability (Lead: Griffiths). Systematic review of failures at 4-day workshop: Expert Judgment on impact of faults, estimate uncertainty. Set out mitigation measures. Estimate probability mitigation will succeed. Later, review outcomes of mitigation measures and revise assessments. 11

12 Conclusions Undoubtedly, new technologies are becoming available that will remove existing barriers, e.g. by enabling higher power sensors, by shrinking sensor size, by including more smarts on-board. For Defence, Commercial and Research users addressing the barriers of deficiencies in Availability and Reliability will mean autonomous sensor platforms will be ready for use when needed and users will have a high confidence of mission success. However, there are too few examples of the marine autonomous platform community working together, and working openly, to make this so. Simon Gerrard (SMMI) 12

13 Smart Sensor Networks Dr Simon Gerrard Industry Liaison Manager Tuesday 4 th April 2017 Dual Use Workshop Ocean Business, Southampton Faculty of Engineering and the Environment Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering Faculty of Business, Law & Art SMMI Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Faculty of Social and Human Sciences LIGHT-TOUCH, NIMBLE, CROSS FACULTY Rigid Faculty Structure Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Medicine 13

14 Nine Business Topics 1. Safety, Risk & Regulation 2. Impact, Culture and Heritage 3. Environmental Modelling & Mapping 4. Big Data & Cybersecurity 5. Vessel Design & Performance 6. Tourism, Ports & Logistics 7. Robotics & Autonomous Systems 8. Energy & Resources 9. Materials, Structures & Testing Smart Sensor Networks Common Drivers Sensor Types Smart? Dual Purpose 14

15 Powering Sensor Networks Reduce demand Battery technology Energy harvesting Alternative fuels Communication and Networking Cost reduction Power supply Increasing bandwidth Underwater communication adds complexity 15

16 From Data to Information The four Vs Data quality is key Real-time monitoring and analysis is the goal Safety, Security and Risk Cyber and physical Probability (uniform?) x consequence (variable) Space debris? Assuring safety of AI systems? 16

17 Conclusion Remain optimistic but be realistic Real time image processing underwater how far away? Synthesising data from multiple sources is also challenging given power requirements Dan Hook (ASV) 17

18 Dual Use Technologies Dan Hook, CEng MRINA, Managing Director Naval Architects Unmanned Systems Developers Production Technicians Mechanical Engineers Software and Robotics Engineers ASV Operators Design Engineers Welders Sales and Marketing Electronics Engineers 18

19 Over 90 employees dedicated to the development of unmanned and autonomous surface vehicle systems Our Partners and Customers 19

20 Dual Use Technologies An SME View All of our markets are growing. We need to develop technology quickly and exploit it in several markets to achieve our goals. This requires dual / triple / quadruple use. Important to reduce compromise and look for advantages when developing multiple use technologies. Example 12m MCM Vessel 7m Commercial Vessel 20

21 Application Specific Payload Structure / Propulsion / Outfit Communications System (LOS / BLOS) Situational Awareness / Nav. (Hardware and Software) Electrical / Data Backbone C2 Software Solution (Messaging, mission plan, control) Application Specific Payload Structure / Propulsion / Outfit Communications System (LOS / BLOS) Situational Awareness / Nav. (Hardware and Software) Electrical / Data Backbone C2 Software Solution (Messaging, mission plan, control) DUAL USE - CORE So we are putting a lot of effort in to these core technologies 21

22 C2 Software ASView C2 Hardware ASView - Core 22

23 Situational Awareness Over The Horizon Control From this: To this: 23

24 Modular Payload Components 19 Rack Winch Ram Winch Unmanned Warrior 24

25 ASV Global 25