Non-Violation Complaints in WTO Law

Transcription

1 Studies in global economic law 9 Non-Violation Complaints in WTO Law Theory and Practice von Dae-Won Kim 1. Auflage Non-Violation Complaints in WTO Law Kim schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei beck-shop.de DIE FACHBUCHHANDLUNG Peter Lang Bern 2006 Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: ISBN

2 Contents PREFACE SUMMARY SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY XIII XV XVII DOCUMENTS REFERENCES XXXIII TABLE OF CASES CITED IN THIS DISSERTATION STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS XXXV XLIII Part One The Concept of Non-Violation Nullification or Impairment in WTO Law I. OUTLINE OF DISSERTATION A. Non-Violation Complaints and GATT/WTO Jurisprudence Negotiated Balance of Rights and Obligations in WTO Non-Violation Complaints and Balance of Rights and Obligations B. Aims and Structure of Dissertation Aims of Dissertation Structure of Dissertation II. SIGNIFICANCE OF NON-VIOLATION COMPLAINTS A. In General Non-Violation as a Balancing Mechanism of Benefit

3 VIII Contents 2. Theoretical Significance of Non-Violation Complaints Practical Significance of Non-Violation Complaints B. The Origins of Non-Violation Complaints Historical Origin of Non-Violation Complaints till GATT Institutional Origin of Non-Violation Complaints Non-Violation Concept Elsewhere III. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-VIOLATION COMPLAINTS A. Non-Violation Complaints in GATT B. Non-Violation Complaints in WTO Agreements In General General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Anti-Competition Practices (Competition Policies) WTO Jurisprudence Survey of Non-Violation Complaints Cases: 1948 ~ The Jurisprudential Implications of Non-Violation: Sources Argument Part Two The Established Interpretation of Non-Violation Complaints IV. ESTABLISHED TREATY INTERPRETATION A. Overview of the Vienna Convention Articles 31 and In General Uniformity and Flexibility in Interpretation

4 Contents IX 3. Textualism and Intentionalism Coherent Interpretation between Two Sides B. Typology of Interpretation of Non-Violation Complaints Four Types of Interpretation Textual Interpretation of Article XXIII : 1(b) Contextual Interpretation of Article XXIII : 1(b) Historical Interpretation of Article XXIII : 1(b) of GATT Teleological Interpretation of Article XXIII : 1(b) Summary: Coordination of Various Interpretations V. THREE REQUIREMENTS OF NON-VIOLATION COMPLAINTS A. In General B. Application of a Measure Notion of Measure Application C. An Accruing Benefit Nature of Benefit Legitimately Expected Benefits D. Nullified or Impaired... as the Result of (Causation) Nullification or Impairment Causation ( As the Result ) of Non-Violation Complaints Remedy E. Different Scope of Interpretation Narrow Interpretation (Restrictive Approach) Broader Interpretation (Expansive Approach) Two Variables Differentiating the Approaches

5 X Contents Part Three Refining the Interpretation of Non-Violation Complaints VI. NON-VIOLATION COMPLAINTS IN INTERNATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE A. General Jurisprudential Relevance of Non-Violation to Sources Argument In Public International Law In WTO Law B. Procedural Relevance of Non-Violation to Causes of Action Text in terms of Positive and Normative Dimensions Text in terms of Consistent Rule-Making VII. THEORETICAL PRESUMPTIONS OF THE REFINED INTERPRETATION A. Non-Violation Complaints in Legal Theory B. Theories Underlying the Refined Interpretation Different Theories of International Law New International Law Process as a Counterpositivistic Approach C. Dimensional Interpretation Dimension of Gathering Legal Data of Non-Violation Complaints Dimension of Analytic Studies of Non-Violation Complaints Dimension of Normative Studies of Non-Violation Complaints VIII. INSTITUTIONAL PRESUMPTIONS OF THE REFINED INTERPRETATION A. Non-Violation under Rule-Oriented Dispute Settlement Mechanism Dispute, Negotiation and Adjudication Characteristics of the Two Models

6 Contents XI 3. Desirable Model Characteristics of Present WTO System: Mixed Character B. Rule-Oriented WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism Dispute Settlement Mechanism of GATT Dispute Settlement Mechanism of WTO C. Dual Approach in Resolving Non-Violation Complaints Two Aspects of WTO Rules Two Modes for Resolving Non-Violation Complaints IX. COHERENCE AS INTERPRETATIVE GUIDELINE OF ARTICLE XXIII : A. Institutional Necessity for Coherent Interpretation: Constitutionalisation Necessity from Institutional Presumption Constitutionalisation of WTO DSM (1) B. Theoretical Necessity for Coherent Interpretation Necessity from Theoretical Presumption Constitutionalisation of WTO DSM (2) C. The Notion of Coherence Internal Coherence of Text of Article XXIII : 1(b) External Coherence of Text of Article XXIII : 1(b) Part Four Transforming the Non-Violation into Liability X. INTERNAL COHERENCE AS AN ANALYTIC APPROACH A. Structure of Benefit in GATT XXIII : In General: Definitional Exactness and Reciprocity Definitional Exactness and Benefit Reciprocity and Benefit

7 XII Contents B. Two-tried Track in Benefits of Article XXIII : From Benefits to Rights Relationship between two Kinds of Benefits C. Corresponding Structure of Obligations Specific Obligations in Article XXIII : 1(a) General Obligations in Article XXIII : 1(b) Relationship of General Obligation to Legitimate Expectation D. Non-Violation as State Liability XI. EXTERNAL COHERENCE AS A NORMATIVE APPROACH A. General Principles of International Law B. Roles of Objective of GATT Article XXIII : In General GATT/WTO Jurisprudence on Objective Bridging Role between Specific and General Obligations XII. STANDARDS DEFINING THE SCOPE OF NON-VIOLATION COMPLAINTS A. Introduction B. Compensatory Adjustment Standard Relevant Cases: Citrus and Uruguayan Recourse Some Weaknesses of Compensatory Adjustment Standard C. Expectation Standard In General Competitive Relationship Test Market Access Test CONCLUSION INDEX