Performance based Reliable Data Communication Analysis on TCP, UDP by varying nodes, mobility speed and zone radius over ZRP

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1 Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Research ad Applicatios (IJERA) ISSN: (AET- 9th March 4) RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Performace based Reliable Data Commuicatio Aalysis o TCP, UDP by varyig odes, mobility speed ad zoe radius over ZRP Sadhya Umrao*, Rajeesh Kumar** *(Departmet of Computer Sciece ad Egg., M. M Uiversity, Mullaa (Ambala) sadhya.gugu8@gmail.com ** (Departmet of Computer Sciece ad Egg.,, Mullaa drrajeeshgujral@mmumullaa.org) ABSTRACT ZRP is a hybrid routig protocol for ad hoc etworks. ZRP combies the best features of proactive ad reactive routig protocols to balace the cotrol overhead o Ad Hoc Networks. This paper presets performace based reliable data commuicatio aalysis o TCP, UDP by varyig odes, zoe radius ad mobility speed Over ZRP. The eviromet has bee simulated by NS.33 simulator. The objective of our work is to aalyze that at what speed ad by takig how much zoe radius, ZRP will be able to provide reliable data commuicatio support for Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Keywords Ad Hoc Network, ZRP, TCP, UDP etc. I. Itroductio Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a self created ad self orgaized etwork. MANET refers to a multi-hop packet-based wireless etwork composed of a set of mobile odes that ca commuicate ad move at the same time without usig ay kid of fixed wired ifrastructure []. MANETs are actually adaptive etworks that ca be formed ad deformed o the fly without the eed of ay cetralized admiistratio. I ad hoc etworks each ad every ode works as router []. Routig i MANETs is challegig due to the costraits existig o the trasmissio badwidth, battery power, CPU time ad the requiremet to cope with frequet topological chages resultig from the mobility of odes. For reliable data commuicatio o routig protocols TCP (Trasmissio Cotrol Protocol) provides coectio-orieted, ed-to-ed, error free data delivery supports [3] [4] []. A TCP coectio is a virtual circuit betwee two odes, coceptually very much like a telephoe coectio but with reliable data trasmissio betwee them. A sedig ode divides the data stream ito segmets. Each segmet is labeled with a explicit sequece umber to guaratee orderig ad reliability. Whe a host receives i sequece the segmets, it seds a cumulative ackowledgmet (ACK) i retur, otifyig the seder that all of the data precedig that segmet s sequece umber has bee received. If a out-of -sequece segmet is received, the receiver seds a ackowledgemet idicatig the sequece umber of the segmet that was expected. If outstadig data is ot ackowledged for a period of time, the seder will timeout ad retrasmit the uackowledged segmets. Similarly UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is oe of the protocols that are widely used i traditioal etworks (wired etwork). The services provided by UDP are uordered delivery of packets, coectioless service, full duplex coectio ad message boudaries preservig, o cogestio cotrol ad packet delivery [6]. I cotrast to wired etwork, wireless packet etworks are characterized as low-badwidth ad ureliable, i which a cosiderable amout of packet losses are iduced by both chael failure ad etwork cogestio. Depedig o the eviromet, movig speed, ad etwork loadig, packet loss ca be radom or burst. Sice UDP does ot perform ay error recovery, streamig multimedia over wireless etworks ca yield upredictable degradatio ad poor video/audio quality. Oe of the i efficiecy of UDP is that it fails to icorporate the properties of the wireless etwork, where a chael error oly partially corrupts a packet. UDP discards a packet cotaiig oly a small part of corrupted data. The routig i ad hoc etwork is based o multihop relay of cotrol/data packets. Due to multihop relayig, there are lots of desig issues at the trasport layer that are iduced traffic, iduced throughput ufairess, power ad badwidth costraits, misiterpretatio of cogestio, dyamic 34 P a g e

2 Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Research ad Applicatios (IJERA) ISSN: (AET- 9th March 4) topology ad completely de coupled trasport layer [7]. Hece it is ecessary to kow the performace of UDP ad TCP uder ad hoc etworks o differet routig protocols. I this paper, the performace based reliable data commuicatio aalysis o TCP, UDP by varyig mobility speed ad zoe radius over ZRP has bee doe. The rest of the paper is orgaized as follows: sectio gives a brief descriptio of related works which help i improvemet of the ZRP performace. Sectio 3 explais overview of ZRP for MANETs. Sectio 4 presets simulatio based results, evaluatio ad performace compariso graphs of our work. Fially, coclusio ad future work are preseted i sectio. II. RELATED WORK Extesive literature survey has bee doe o ZRP. I [8], author compared the performace of AODV ad OLSR usig TCP ad UDP over s-. Their simulatio results show that AODV performs better i static etworks. I [9], authors compared the performace of proactive ad reactive routig protocols usig TCP, ad shows that reactive routig protocol produces a lesser routig overhead over low etwork speeds. The performace of AODV over OPNET, to determie the effect of TCP ad UDP applicatios over AODV is evaluated []. I [], authors cosidered protocols of AODV ad DSR as a referece for aalyzig ZRP with QUALNET simulator. Authors observed ZRP uses additioal time as it uses IARP, IERP by studyig ZRP operatio of route discovery. They took differet parameters for performace aalysis like ed to ed delay, packets received etc. From the above aalyzed survey, their result have cocluded that lot of work has bee doe o ZRP, but o research work suggested us how well ZRP will adapt i MANET with respect to odes mobility, zoe size ad scalability. I [], authors aalyzed the performace of ZRP. Give a results that if the radius zoe is small the the odes act as reactive protocol so if the zoe is less tha the average delay is more. Whe the mobility rate is less the throughput, packet delivery ratio is maximum ad if the mobility rate ad zoe size is icrease the cotrol overhead is also icreased. A aalytical model that allows us to determie the routig overhead icurred by the scalable routig framework o ZRP is proposed [3]. I order to make ZRP adaptive, the mechaisms must be devised for detectig the o-optimality of zoe radius settig. I additio to that, the cost-beefit aalysis must be doe to uderstad the tradeoff ivolved betwee the optimality detectio cost ad additioal overhead cost icurred due to o-optimality. I [4], authors compared the performace of DSR, AODV ad ZRP, especially focusig o ZRP ad the effect of some of its most importat attributes to the etwork performace. It has bee observed from their work that the performace of ZRP was ot up to the task ad it performed poorly throughout all the simulatio sequeces. So i this paper, we have aalyzed ZRP with varyig odes, mobility speed ad zoe size o TCP, UDP traffic over MANETs. III. OVERVIEW OF ZONE BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL ZRP is a hybrid routig protocol based o parameter called routig zoe []. ZRP is proposed to reduce the cotrol overhead of proactive routig protocols ad decrease the latecy caused by routig discover i reactive routig protocols [6]. A ode routig zoe is defied as a collectio of odes whose miimum distace from the ode i questio is o loger greater tha a parameter called zoe radius [7]. I ZRP there are further two subprotocols,: Itra-zoe routig protocol (IARP) [8] is used iside routig zoes where a particular ode employs proactive routig ad a reactive routig protocol: Iter-zoe routig protocol (IERP) is used betwee routig zoes, respectively. A route to a destiatio withi the local zoe ca be established from the proactively cached routig table of the source by IARP; therefore, if the source ad destiatio is i the same zoe, the packet ca be delivered immediately. Most of the existig proactive routig algorithms ca be used as the IARP for ZRP []. IERP route discovery operates as follows. The source ode first checks whether the destiatio ode is withi its zoe if so path to the destiatio is kow ad o further route discovery is required if the destiatio is ot withi the source routig zoe the source border casts a route request to its peripheral odes. Figure illustrate the Zoe Routig with Radius S Cetral Node L outside zoe A-F Neighbors G-K Peripheral 3 P a g e

3 Packet Delivery Ratio Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Research ad Applicatios (IJERA) ISSN: (AET- 9th March 4) Peripheral odes are the odes whose miimum distace to the odes is equal to zoe radius. Peripheral odes executes the same algorithm-checks whether destiatio is withi zoe if so route reply is set back to the source otherwise peripheral odes forward route request to their peripheral odes which follows same procedure. Figure illustrates the routig zoe of radius with respect to ode S. IV. SIMULATION PARAMETERS AND ENVIRONMENT The performace based reliable data commuicatio aalysis o TCP, UDP by varyig odes, mobility speed ad zoe radius over ZRP has bee aalyzed by takig followig parameters such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, Ed to Ed Delay ad Routig Overhead. The parameters take for simulatio are summarized i Table. Table Simulatio Parameters Parameters Value No of Node, 7, Simulatio Time sec Eviromet Size x Traffic Size CBR (Costat Bit Rate ) Queue Legth Source Node Destiatio Node Mobility Model Radom Waypoit Atea Type Omi directioal Simulator NS-.33 Mobility speed,,3 m/s Protocols ZRP,TCP,UDP Zoe Radius,3,4, Operatig System Liux Eterprises versio - Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): PDR also kow as the ratio of the data packets delivered to the destiatios to those geerated by the CBR sources. This metric characterizes both the completeess ad correctess of the routig protocol. PDR * CBRset Average Ed to Ed Delay: Average Ed to Ed delay is the average time take by a data packet to reach from source ode to destiatio ode. It is ratio of total delay to the umber of packets received. Avg _ Ed _ to _ Ed _ Delay ( time CBRsettime) * Throughput: Throughput is the ratio of total umber of delivered or received data packets to the total duratio of simulatio time. Throughput simulatiotime Normalized Protocol Overhead/ Routig Load: Routig Load is the ratio of total umber of the routig packets to the total umber of received data packets at destiatio. Routig _ Load RTRPacket V. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Packet Delivery Ratio ZRP has better packet delivery ratio i all scearios of TCP. As observed from Fig, Fig 3 ad Fig 4, i low mobility speed ZRP has more packet delivery ratio as compare to the higher mobility speed. As zoe size icreases packet delivery ratio decreases almost i all cases of TCP ad UDP. It is also aalyzed as the UDP is coectioless, lots of locatio cotetio, it further icreases the ureliable support as mobility ad zoe size icreases. So we have cocluded that packet delivery ratio is iversely propositioal to mobility speed ad zoe size i both TCP ad UDP zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_3mob zrp udp_3mob Fig : Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Packet Delivery Ratio for odes over TCP ad UDP 36 P a g e

4 Average Throughput Packet Delivery Ratio Average Throughput Average Throughput Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Research ad Applicatios (IJERA) ISSN: (AET- 9th March 4) zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_3mob zrp udp_3mob Fig : Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Average Throughput for odes over UDP ad TCP Fig 3: Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Packet Delivery Ratio for 7 odes over TCP ad UDP zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_3mob zrp udp_3mob Fig 4: Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Packet Delivery Ratio for odes over TCP ad UDP. Average Throughput Similarly to packet delivery ratio of ZRP average throughput is better i all the cases of TCP. As observed from Fig, Fig 6 ad Fig 7, at lower mobility speed ZRP shows more average throughput as compare to the higher mobility speed ad zoe size. As zoe size icreases average throughput decreases dow i almost all cases. So we have aalyzed that average throughput is iversely proportioal to mobility speed ad zoe size. Similarly to packet delivery ratio the average throughput of UDP is less tha TCP Zoe size zrp_7_tcp_mob zrp_7_udp_mob zrp_7_tcp_mob zrp_7_udp_mob zrp_7_tcp_3mob zrp_7_udp_3mob Fig 6: Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Average Throughput for 7 odes over TCP ad UDP zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_3mob zrp udp_3mob Fig 7: Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Average Throughput for odes over TCP ad UDP..3 Average Delay As TCP is coectio orieted, so it makes ed to ed coectio, ed to ed delivery of data, flow cotrol, cogestio cotrol ad error cotrol. As observed form Fig 8, Fig 9 ad Fig, the average delay i ZRP is miimum i all cases of TCP. As zoe size icreases average delay decreases except i some cases. I case of UDP average delay is miimum whe mobility is low ad with the 37 P a g e

5 Average Delay Routig Overhead Routig Overhead Average Delay Routig Overhead Average Delay Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Research ad Applicatios (IJERA) ISSN: (AET- 9th March 4) icrease i mobility average delay icreases as show i Fig zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_3mob zrp udp_3mob Fig 8: Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Average Delay for odes over TCP ad UDP zrp_7_tcp_mob zrp_7_udp_mob zrp_7_udp_mob zrp_7_tcp_mob zrp_7_udp_3mob zrp_7_tcp_3mob Fig 9: Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Average Delay for 7 odes over TCP ad UDP zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_3mob zrp udp_3mob Fig : Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Average Delay for odes over TCF ad UDP..4 Routig Overhead Routig overhead is less i case of TCP. It icreases with the icrease i mobility. From Fig, Fig, ad Fig 3, we have observed that routig overhead is directly proportioal to mobility, as mobility icreases routig overhead icreases. With the icrease i zoe size routig overhead icrease i may cases. From Fig 3, i case of odes ad UDP, we observe that routig overhead is miimum i case of 3 mobility. I case of mobility till 3R routig overhead is maximum, after 3R with the icrease i zoe size routig overhead here decreases dow.... zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_3mob zrp udp_3mob Fig : Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Routig Overhead for odes over TCP ad UDP.... zrp_7_tcp_mob zrp_7_udp_mob zrp_7_tcp_mob zrp_7_udp_mob zrp_7_tcp_3mob zrp_7_udp_3mob Fig : Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Routig Overhead for 7 odes over TCP ad UDP. 3 3 zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_mob zrp udp_mob zrp tcp_3mob zrp udp_3mob Fig 3: Effect of Varyig Zoe Radius ad Mobility Rate o the Routig Overhead for odes over TCP ad UDP. VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Simulatio based aalysis of ZRP has cocluded that, whe zoe size is very small it act as 38 P a g e

6 Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Research ad Applicatios (IJERA) ISSN: (AET- 9th March 4) reactive routig protocol because the probability of destiatio ode with i routig zoe is less, so average delay is more. ZRP uses proactive routig withi the zoe as zoe size gets icreased the delay keeps o reducig destiatio odes ca come uder the routig zoe. As TCP is reliable protocol ad whe its performace is aalyzed o ZRP, its results shows maximum packet delivery ratio with lower mobility speed ad lowest packet delivery ratio with highest mobility speed. Throughput is also iversely proportioate to mobility speed ad zoe size. Similarly, whe we aalyzed UDP due to its ureliable ature its performace is poor i all the scearios. So after aalysis ad result discussio this paper cocludes that UDP flows perform better i the case of dese etworks with little or o mobility. TCP flows perform better for high mobility scearios After overall aalysis of performace compariso of these trasport layer protocols, it is also observed that the trasport layer is completely decoupled from lower layers. So there is a eed to develop a more cross layer protocols over ad hoc etworks for reliable data commuicatio. REFERENCES [] Jeremy Pitt, Pallapa Vekatarram, ad AbeMamdai, QoS Maagemet i MANETS Usig Norm-Govered Aget Societies, ESAW LNAI 3963, 6, - 4. [] Rajeesh Kumar Gujral, Mapreet Sigh, Aalyzig the Effect of Scalability o QoS Aware Routig for MANETs, Iteratioal Joural of Computer Sciece MANETs, 8(3),, [3] W. Boulevard, ad A. Way, Trasmissio Cotrol Protocol, RFC 793, 98. [4] V. Jacobso ad M. J. Karels, Cogestio avoidace ad cotrol", ACM Computer Commuicatio Review; Proceedigs of the Sigcomm 88 Symposium, 8, 988, [] Haaa A. Torkey, Gamal M. Attiya ad I. Z. Morsi, "Performace Evaluatio of Ed-to Ed Cogestio Cotrol Protocols", Meoufia joural of Electroic Egieerig Research (MJEER), 8(), 8, [6] Hatim Mohamad Tahir ad Abas Md Said, Performace Compariso o SCTP ad UDP over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, IJCSI Iteratioal Joural of Computer Sciece Issues, 9(4),, [7] C Siva Ram Murthy ad BS Maoj, Ad Hoc Wireless Networks architectures ad protocols, Pearso educatio,. [8] Shaista Ajum, Sarita Sigh Bhadauria, TCP ad UDP based Aalysis of AODV ad OLSR i Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Proceedig of Iteratioal Coferece o Commuicatio Systems ad Network Topologies,, [9] Baied Nyireda, Jaso Mwaza, Performace Evaluatio of Routig Protocols i Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), School of Egieerig, Blekige Istitute of Tech, Karlskroa, 9,-48. [] Aipakala Suresh, Performace Aalysis of Ad hoc O demad Distace Vector Routig (AODV) usig OPENT Simulator, Commuicatio Networks, Uiversity of Breme, Berme,, -7. [] Sree Raga Raju ad Jitedraath Mugara Performace Evaluatio of ZRP over AOD ad DSR i MANETs usig Qualet, Europea Joural of Scietific Research, 4(4),, [] Rajeesh Kumar Gujral, Mapreet Sigh, Jyoti Kalra, Impact of Scalability with respect to Mobility ad o Zoe Routig Protocol over MANETs, Proceedig of Iteratioal Coferece o Computig Scieces,, [3] Brijesh Patel ad Sajay Srivastava, Performace Aalysis of Zoe Routig Protocols i Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Dhirubhai Ambai Istitute of Iformatio ad Commuicatio Techology Gadhiagar, Idia, 6. [4] Sree Raga Raju, Kira Rukaa, Jitedra at hmugara, ZRP versus AODV ad DSR: A comprehesive study o ZRP performace, Iteratioal Joural of Computer Applicatios (),, 3-4. [] Zygmut J Haas ad Marc R Pearlma ad Price Samar, The Itrazoe routig protocol for Ad hoc etwork(iarp), 3(),, [6] Zygmut J Haas ad Marc R Pearlma ad Price Samar, The zoal Routig protocol for Ad hoc etwork (ZRP),. [7] Nicklas Beijar, Zoal Routig Protocol, Networkig Laboratory, Helsiky uiversity of techology, Filad, 9(4), 8, [8] Zygmut J Haas ad Marc R Pearlma ad Price Samar, The Itrazoe Routig protocol for Ad hoc etwork(iarp),. 39 P a g e

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