CENSUS OF INDIA Lessons learnt and the way ahead

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1 CENSUS OF INDIA Lessons learnt and the way ahead DR. C. CHANDRAMOULI, REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 1

2 Setting the Context History Challenges Process Objectives Strategy adopted Lessons Learnt Way Ahead Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 2

HISTORY Rig Vedas Kautilya Ain e Akbari East India Company 1872- The years

first synchronous Census in India Session 2.

3 HISTORY Rig Vedas Kautilya Ain e Akbari East India Company The years were spent in taking a census by the actual counting of heads through a uniform schedule. This series, commonly known as the Census of 1872, was not synchronous 1881 The first synchronous Census in India Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 3

4,635 ethnic groups 80,000 Segments, Synonyms

4 Challenges Large Population 1.2 bn population 2 nd largest in the world Multi-level 2.4% of worlds surface area Geographical area of 320 million Sq Kms. 0.6 million Villages/7935 Towns Multi-Ethnic 4,635 ethnic groups 80,000 Segments, Synonyms and Titles Challenges Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 4

Inaccessible terrain 1 க ల र 0 क 0 1 2 ತ ਦ 0 ম 1 স پو 0 2 1 0 2 3 0 کھا 0 3 0 3 2 2 0 व 2 0 చ 2 0 अ Session 2.

5 Challenges Multi-cultural Difficult people Difficult Areas 655 religions and persuasions 18 languages (training); 16 languages (canvassing); 6661 mother tongues Nomads, Homeless, Forest/Island dwellers Infants, Elderly women, Disabled Disturbed civil conditions Inaccessible terrain 1 க ల र 0 क ತ ਦ 0 ম 1 স پو کھا व 2 0 చ 2 0 अ Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 5

CENSUS 2011 PROCESS House to house canvassing

Recognition (ICR) Data Dissemination Database/

and planning for the 2020 round to meet the

6 CENSUS 2011 PROCESS House to house canvassing (extended de facto) Scanning Image based Recognition (ICR) Data Dissemination Database/ Tabulation Manual completion of unrecognized characters Image validation Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 6

7 OBJECTIVES 100% coverage No Cost/ Time Overruns Maximum Accuracy GET IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME! Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 7

8 OBJECTIVES Coverage Quality Cost Time Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 8

9 Coverage - Branding Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 9

Coverage - Advocacy Campaigns using: Mass

in 16 languages TVCs and Radio Spots in 12

censuses and planning for the 2020 round to

10 Coverage - Advocacy Campaigns using: Mass Media Public Outreach Digital Media Print Ads in 16 languages TVCs and Radio Spots in 12 languages Mascot Commemorative Stamp Local Art Forms Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 10

Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the

11 Coverage - DIGITAL MEDIA Facebook Twitter Advertisements on websites SMS TV Soaps and Sitcoms Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 11

Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020

12 COVERAGE - CENSUS IN SCHOOLS School Kit Lessons Assembly Messages Group Activity Map Exercises Quiz Cards Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 12

13 COVERAGE - VULNERABLE GROUPS Nomads Houseless Elderly Disabled Women Infants Inclusion fundamental in Census Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 13

COVERAGE - MODES OF FEEDBACK Help Desks Toll free helpline number Email Facebook Twitter Real time grievance redressal Session 2.

14 COVERAGE - MODES OF FEEDBACK Help Desks Toll free helpline number Facebook Twitter Real time grievance redressal Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 14

QUALITY - QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN & PRINTING High quality paper: Standards evolved for Census Clear and simple to read & write Standard A3 size for scanning Colour dropout for ICR Unique form number &

15 QUALITY - QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN & PRINTING High quality paper: Standards evolved for Census Clear and simple to read & write Standard A3 size for scanning Colour dropout for ICR Unique form number & bar code Minimum number of templates Left top corner cut for stacking State of the art techniques-greatly enhanced data processing Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 15

16 QUALITY - LOGISTICS 20,000 Charge Locations Estimating quantities including language mix Delivery of material Timely and secure return Outsourcing non core activities- a deliberate strategy Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 16

17 LOGISTICS - A KEY SUCCESS Schedules Printed At High-end Presses FACTOR Other Materials printed Charge Officer 20, 000 Enumerator 2.5 million Tracking and Tracing through a customised MIS Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 17

18 QUALITY - DATA PROCESSING 6. Tabulation 5. Export of completed batches for further processing 1. Scanning station 4. Supervisors Handle Quality check /Exceptional cases Database Forms are fed through scanners batch by batch 3. Tile/Correction station - unrecognized Characters 2. Field by field character images are automatically recognized Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 18

QUALITY - SCANNING High speed scanning-1 lakh/day Barcode based scan control Full archive Colour dropout for ICR processing De-duplication of images Session 2.

19 QUALITY - SCANNING High speed scanning-1 lakh/day Barcode based scan control Full archive Colour dropout for ICR processing De-duplication of images Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 19

QUALITY - INTELLIGENT CHARACTER RECOGNITION Eflow Software

Tiling for operator check Clearing exceptions Session 2.

planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda:

20 QUALITY - INTELLIGENT CHARACTER RECOGNITION Eflow Software Template matching Digit separation Software recognition Tiling for operator check Clearing exceptions Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 20

21 QUALITY - DATA EDITING IMPS/ CSPro software Coverage checks Consistency checks Edit rules Hot deck/ Cold deck item imputation Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 21

22 QUALITY - TRAINING Training Alliance with NGOs Training Methodology Improved inputs Scientific National Trainers ( NTs) 90 Master Trainer Facilitators (MTFs) 725 Master Trainer (MTs) 54, 000 Enumerators and Supervisors 2.7 Million Training aids Training - Key to Quality Data Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 22

QUALITY - TRAINING CONTENT Comprehensive, clear manual in local language Online/ CD e-learning module Hard & soft skills Training aids including charts, flash cards etc Energizers & mood

23 QUALITY - TRAINING CONTENT Comprehensive, clear manual in local language Online/ CD e-learning module Hard & soft skills Training aids including charts, flash cards etc Energizers & mood changers Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 23

24 QUALITY - ICT IN TRAINING Instruction Manuals Training Guides PowerPoint presentations e-learning Modules Internet Training CDs Community Radio SMS/ Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 24

25 COST - CENSUS 2011 R rationalising the costs of Manpower A appropriate Technology T raining Costs I CT in Supervision/Publicity/Training O optimization of material requirements N on-core activities outsourced Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 25

26 COST - CENSUS 2011 Cost Rs Crores Per Capita Rs.18 US $446 Million US $ 0.4 Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 26

27 TIME -Provisional result in one month -Housing Census results within one year -Final Population Census results in 18 months -All major results within 2 years of Census Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 27

28 LEARNINGS Manpower Availability and Costs Paper and printing/delivery- a logistical nightmare Data Processing -Growing complexities Complete coverage Increasingly difficult Rising aspirations Sub-Regionalism Language, Religious Minorities and Ethnic Groups Growing intolerance Difficult and Isolated areas Widespread apathy -Non-cooperation by Respondents Inadequate capacity building Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 28

29 WAY FORWARD Register Based Census- National Population Register (NPR) Electronic Census (Paperless) Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 29

NATIONAL POPULATION REGISTER House to house canvassing for NPR by Enumerators Scanning Image based Data Entry Printing of Local Register of Usual

local area, settlement of claims and objections Vetting by local bodies National Population Register NPR Central Database Session 2.

30 NATIONAL POPULATION REGISTER House to house canvassing for NPR by Enumerators Scanning Image based Data Entry Printing of Local Register of Usual Residents (LRUR) De-Duplication by UIDAI and generation of Aadhaar number Biometric Capture in the presence of Government Servants Publication in the local area, settlement of claims and objections Vetting by local bodies National Population Register NPR Central Database Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 30

DYNAMIC UPDATING NPR Centre NPR Centre NPR Centre State Wide Area Network State Data Centre National Grid National Data Centre National Population Register Continuous updating through the CRVS- basis

31 DYNAMIC UPDATING NPR Centre NPR Centre NPR Centre State Wide Area Network State Data Centre National Grid National Data Centre National Population Register Continuous updating through the CRVS- basis for a register based Census Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 31

Electronic Data Collection Socio Economic and Caste Census successfully completed using handheld Tablets Direct Data Entry Electronic data directly uploaded from the field Dynamic monitoring Field

32 Electronic Data Collection Socio Economic and Caste Census successfully completed using handheld Tablets Direct Data Entry Electronic data directly uploaded from the field Dynamic monitoring Field Correction Instantaneous results Completely Paperless Weighs 280 grams/7 inch LCD Color Display Touch screen/keyboard Internet connectivity Solar battery chargers Price: Less than US $ 80 per piece Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 32

33 ELECTRONIC CENSUS- A PIONEERING ATTEMPT SECC Summary data: live Triumph of Technology!! Socio-Economic and Caste Census Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 33

Pre-loading maps and basic data from the

Post Enumeration Survey Data verification Data

34 Pre-loading maps and basic data from the Population Register Updating Data uploading Post Enumeration Survey Data verification Data Validation Finalization of data Tabulation Dissemination Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 34

35 COMPARATIVE COST Census 2011 SECC 2012 Cost Rs Crores Per Capita Rs.18 Cost Rs Crores Per Capita Rs. 30 US $446 Million US $ 0.4 US $723 Million US $ 0.6 National Population Register Cost Rs Crores Per Capita Rs.54 US $ 1.3 Billion US $ 1.2 Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 35

36 Features of the Proposed Method Improved coverage Enhanced Quality Optimized cost Savings in Time Quicker Dissemination Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 36

37 Session 2. Lessons learned from the 2010 round of censuses and planning for the 2020 round to meet the post-2015 agenda: C. Chandramouli (Registrar General of India) National perspective 37

Planning for the 2010 Population and Housing Census in Thailand

Planning for the 2010 Population and Housing Census in Thailand Ms. Wilailuck Chulewatanakul Ms. Pattama Amornsirisomboon Socio-Economic Statistician National Statistical Office Bangkok, Thailand 1. Introduction