RIDGE END, FINCHAMPSTEAD, BERKSHIRE PHASE 2 BAT SURVEY
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1 RIDGE END, FINCHAMPSTEAD, BERKSHIRE PHASE 2 BAT SURVEY Final Document August 2012 Invertebrate, Bird, Mammal, Reptile, Amphibian and Botanical Surveys Management Plans Habitat Appraisal Marine NVC EcIA, 1 Becks Mews, 108 Stockbridge Road, Winchester, Hampshire, SO22 6RN Tel: info@ecosa.co.uk Web: Registered Office: 3-4 Eastwood Court, SO51 8JJ Registered in England No:
2 RIDGE END, FINCHAMPSTEAD, BERKSHIRE PHASE 2 BAT SURVEY Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Background Aims and Scope of Report Site Setting and Description Site Proposals METHODS Introduction Phase 2 Bat Surveys Survey Methods Phase 2 Survey Personnel Phase 2 Survey Equipment Phase 2 Bat Survey Limitations RESULTS AND ASSESSMENT Introduction Building Descriptions Prefabricated Buildings Description of Bat Foraging and Commuting Habitat Summary of Phase 1 Survey Findings Phase 2 Bat Survey Overall Site Assessment SUMMARY EVALUATION, CONSIDERATION OF IMPACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction Summary Evaluation Impacts of Proposed Development Appendix 1 Protected Species Legislation COPYRIGHT This report is the copyright of Ecological Survey & Assessment (ECOSA) Ltd. Any unauthorised reproduction or usage by any person is prohibited. i
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A Phase 1 bat survey was undertaken at Ridge End, Finchampstead, Berkshire RG40 3SY during September Proposals for the site include the demolition of the existing Ridge End property and its replacement with a new residential building and garage building on a different footprint. During the Phase 1 bat survey, evidence of bat activity in the form of a small number of long-eared bat type droppings and pipistrelle bat type droppings was recorded from within the roof void of the Ridge End property. Therefore, two Phase 2 bat surveys were carried out during June and July 2012 to assess the number, species and location of bat roosts and to determine key areas of foraging and commuting activity. During the Phase 2 bat survey no bats were recorded emerging form or reentering the Ridge End property. This, coupled with the level of bat evidence recorded during the Phase 1 survey, indicates that the Ridge End property is utilised intermittently by male or non-breeding female brown long-eared and pipistrelle bats. Recommendations have been made for maintaining the conservation status of bats at the site through the implementation of a mitigation strategy. Due to the presence of a small number of roosting bats within the property, recommendations have been made for applying for a European Protected Species Mitigation licence prior to the demolition of the property. 1 This report is the copyright of.
4 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Ecological Survey & Assessment Limited (ECOSA) were contracted Adam Architecture to undertake a Phase 1 bat survey at Ridge End, Finchampstead, Berkshire RG40 3SY centred on National Grid Reference (NGR) SU During the September 2011 Phase 1 bat survey ECOSA recorded evidence of bat activity in the form of small accumulations of long-eared bat and pipistrelle bat type droppings from the roof void of the Ridge End property. In addition, numerous potential bat access/egress locations were recorded on the property. It was therefore recommended that further Phase 2 bat survey work was carried out at the site to confirm presence/possible absence of roosting bats within the Ridge End property. The survey data would allow an assessment of the impact of the proposed demolition works on bats, and would enable the design of an appropriate mitigation strategy aimed at maintaining the conservation status of bats at the site. 1.2 Aims and Scope of Report The Phase 2 bat survey was aimed at providing a detailed assessment of the presence/possible absence of roosting bats at the site; and if present to assess the number, species and location of bat roosts and to determine key areas of foraging and commuting activity. This information allows an assessment to be made of the value of the Ridge End property, subject to proposed demolition works, and associated grounds for bats. The data gathered during the Phase 1 and 2 surveys have been used to assess the potential ecological impacts of the proposed renovation works, and to make recommendations based on the findings of the surveys and the identified impacts. 1.3 Site Setting and Description The site is situated approximately 1.5 kilometres (km) north-east of the village of Finchampstead, Berkshire and is located just to the east of the B3348, at the confluence of The Ridges and Wellington Avenue. The site comprises an extensive plot containing a large, detached residential dwelling, detached garage, tennis court, swimming pool and extensive managed grounds containing grass lawns, ornamental plantings and mature trees and shrubs. 2 This report is the copyright of.
5 1.4 Site Proposals The proposals for the site will entail the demolition of the existing residential dwelling and the construction of a new, larger dwelling and a garage building on a different footprint to the east. 3 This report is the copyright of.
6 2.0 METHODS 2.1 Introduction This section details the methods used during the Phase 2 bat surveys carried out at the Ridge End, Finchampstead site during June and July Phase 2 Bat Surveys Survey Methods The initial Phase 1 survey recorded evidence of bat roosting activity with the Ridge End property (refer to Table 2, Section 3.0). As a result the Ridge End property was subject to two Phase 2 surveys comprising one dawn re-entry and one emergence survey. During the Phase 2 survey each surveyor recorded the time, species, location and direction of flight for each bat encountered, with particular attention paid to establishing bat access/egress locations, foraging areas and commuting routes. The Phase 2 survey was undertaken by three experienced ECOSA surveyors, who were positioned at previously identified vantage point areas located around the property. These vantage point locations allowed full survey coverage of all elevations of the property. Table 1 provides details of each of the Phase 2 survey visits. Table 1: Phase 2 Bat Survey Details Survey Date Survey Type Weather Conditions Sunset/Sunrise Time 26 th June 2012 Dawn 13 o C, dry, still, 20% cloud cover 04:50 5 th July 2012 Emergence 17 o C, dry, still, 60% cloud cover 21: Phase 2 Survey Personnel The Phase 2 survey was undertaken by three suitably qualified and experienced ECOSA surveyors Phase 2 Survey Equipment During the Phase 2 survey each surveyor was equipped with a Pettersson 240x time expansion bat detector. The Pettersson detectors were connected to Edirol R-09 recorders for the full duration of the survey. Recordings made with the Pettersson detectors were later analysed using Sonobat (v2.9.5) software to confirm the identity of any species encountered. 4 This report is the copyright of.
7 2.2.4 Phase 2 Bat Survey Limitations Some bat species, e.g. long-eared bats, generally emerge from their roosts in total darkness and do not produce strong echolocations, and therefore these bats can be difficult to observe and record during Phase 2 bat surveys, leading to underrecording. Poor weather conditions were experienced through much of June and July, the Phase 2 surveys were therefore scheduled to coincide with finer conditions when bats were most likely to be active. 5 This report is the copyright of.
8 3.0 RESULTS AND ASSESSMENT 3.1 Introduction This section provides a summary of the Phase 1 bat survey carried out in September 2011 and details the results of the Phase 2 bat survey carried out at the Ridge End property during June and July Building Descriptions Ridge End The property comprises a large, two-storey detached structure dating to the early/mid 20 th century (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The extensive roof is of hipped design and clad with small clay roof tiles and half-round clay tiles along all ridges, including the hip ends. The westernmost hip end of the main section of the roof reaches down wellbelow first floor level. A deep wooden soffit is present along all elevations of the property. Figure 1 (left) Residential Dwelling, Eastern Elevation Figure 2 Residential Dwelling, Western Elevation Internally, the building contains a large roof void, corresponding to the entire footprint of the building. The void contains a standard trussed rafter framework and the roof is lined below with bitumen felt material. 3.3 Description of Bat Foraging and Commuting Habitat The site is situated in a semi-rural location characterised predominantly by extensive areas of woodland, with frequent open paddocks, large detached dwellings and associated gardens. The site is considered not to represent a key foraging resource for bats in context with the surrounding area given the extent of managed grassland on site, which is of lower value for foraging bats than the surrounding woodland habitats. 6 This report is the copyright of.
9 3.4 Summary of Phase 1 Survey Findings Details of identified bat access/egress and roosting locations, evidence of bat activity recorded during the Phase 1 survey of the Ridge End property, and an assessment of the potential for the building to support roosting bats are provided in Table 2. Table 2: Summary of Features with Bat Roost Potential and Evidence of Bat Roost Activity Surveyed Feature Ridge Property End Description of Potential Bat Roost Features The Phase 1 external and internal investigation identified the following potential bat access/egress and roosting locations: Gaps beneath bowed and missing roof tiles; and Evidence of Bat Roost Activity and Location During the Phase 1 investigation two clusters of bat droppings comprising circa 30 long-eared bat type droppings and circa 30 pipistrelle bat type droppings were recorded from within the roof void. Assess. of Bat Roost Potential Present Tears within the felt lining beneath the roof tiles allowing access into the roof void. 3.5 Phase 2 Bat Survey Table 3 provides details the species, numbers and locations of bats recorded during the Phase 2 bat survey. The survey recorded at least four species of bat, common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus, soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus, noctule Nyctalus noctula and serotine Eptesicus serotinus. Table 3: Ridge End Property, Recorded Bat Roosts and General Bat Activity at the Site Survey Date 26 th June th July 2012 Recorded Bat Roosts During the Phase 2 dawn re-entry survey undertaken on the 26 th June 2012 no bats were recorded re-entering the property. During the Phase 2 emergence survey undertaken on the 5 th July 2012 no bats were recorded emerging from the property. General Bat Activity at the Site Activity during the dawn swarming survey was low with a single noctule bat recorded foraging above the site at 03:50. A single soprano pipistrelle bat was recorded at 04:09 as it foraged past the house in a northerly direction. At 04:18 a single common pipistrelle bat foraged in the same direction as the soprano pipistrelle bat. Activity during the dusk emergence survey was low with a single common pipistrelle bat recorded foraging within the trees to the west of the site at intervals between 21:46 and 22:26. A single soprano pipistrelle was recorded foraging within the same location at 22:15 and again at 22:28. A single serotine bat was recorded as it foraged through the grounds south of the property at 22:31. 7 This report is the copyright of.
10 3.6 Overall Site Assessment No bats were recorded entering or emerging from the Ridge End property during the Phase 2 surveys. Activity at the site was very low during the surveys with a maximum of a single common pipistrelle bat and single soprano pipistrelle bat recorded foraging through the site on occasion during each survey. A single noctule bat and a single serotine bat were recorded on one occasion during the surveys. Given the level of evidence recorded during the Phase 1 bat survey and the absence of bat emergences and re-entries recorded during the Phase 2 bats survey, it is considered that the ridge end property is utilised as an occasional bat roost by a small number of long-eared bats and pipistrelle bats. The roosts are considered to represent non-breeding female or male bats. Low numbers of bats were recorded foraging within the site grounds. These comprised of common pipistrelle (a single bat), noctule (a single bat), serotine (a single bat) and soprano pipistrelle (a single bat). The level of activity recorded during the surveys was low and intermittent indicating that bats utilise the site as part of a wider foraging range. 8 This report is the copyright of.
11 4.0 SUMMARY EVALUATION, CONSIDERATION OF IMPACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 Introduction This section presents a summary evaluation of the site based on the results of the Phase 1 and 2 bat surveys. The results and evaluation have been used to provide an assessment of the ecological impacts of the proposed demolition works on species of bat at the site. An outline of protected species legislation relevant to bats is provided in Appendix Summary Evaluation During the initial Phase 1 bat survey evidence of bat activity in the form of small accumulations of long-eared bat and common pipistrelle bat type droppings were recorded from within the roof of the Ridge End property. Both brown and grey longeared bats are very sedentary species, usually travelling only a few kilometres from their roost sites. Given that grey long-eared bats are known to be restricted to coastal areas from Sussex to Devon 1 it is considered that the species recorded within the Ridge End property are most likely to be the more common and widespread brown long-eared bat. In addition, numerous potential access/egress locations in the form of raised and bowed roof tiles were recorded from the property. Therefore, the Ridge End property was assessed as bats present. No bats were recorded emerging from the property during the Phase 2 bat surveys. Given the lack of emerging/ re-entering bats recorded, coupled with the low level of evidence recorded from the property during the Phase 1 survey, it is considered that the Ridge End property is utilised as a roost by low numbers of brown long-eared bats and pipistrelle bats on an occasional basis. The Phase 2 bat surveys were undertaken during June and July which are during the breeding season of a bats annual cycle. Given the absence of records during this period and the fresh bat droppings which were recorded during September 2011, it is considered that the roosts present within the property are non-breeding and represent transitional roosts which are formed by dispersing bats after the breeding season. The wider site is utilised by low numbers of common pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, noctule and serotine bats. 1 Bats or Britain, Europe and Northwest Africa, Dietz. C, Helversen. O. V and Nill. D (2009) 9 This report is the copyright of.
12 4.3 Impacts of Proposed Development In the absence of mitigation measures the proposed demolition of the existing Ridge End property will result in the long-term loss of the bat roosts supported by the property. However, provided that the mitigation measures outlined in Paragraph are fully implemented, it is considered that demolition and redevelopment works will have a low impact on roosting bats at the site. In England, all bat species and their roosts are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 through inclusion in Schedule 5. In addition, these species are protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations Refer to Appendix 1 for further details. 4.4 Recommendations Although no bats were recorded during the Phase 2 surveys, the Phase 1 surveys confirmed that a small number of brown long-eared and pipistrelle bats utilise the building. The absence of emerging or re-entering bats during the Phase 2 surveys was therefore crucial in confirming that the building is utilised as an intermittent roost. In England, all bat species and their roosts are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 through inclusion in Schedule 5. In addition, these species are protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations Refer to Appendix 1 for further details. As a result of the disturbance and loss of bat roosts at the site a European Protected Species Mitigation (EPSM) licence will be required prior to the demolition works commencing. The data gathered during the Phase 1 and 2 surveys will be incorporated into the EPSM licence application and will be used to devise an appropriate mitigation strategy. The species protection provision of the Habitats Directive, as implemented by the Conservation (Natural Habitats etc.) Regulations 2010, contains three derogation tests which must be applied by the Local Planning Authority at the Planning Application stage and by Natural England when deciding whether to grant a licence to a person carrying out an activity which would harm a European Protected Species. The three tests that must be met in order to successfully obtain a Natural England EPSM licence are as follows: 10 This report is the copyright of.
13 the consented operation must be for preserving public health or public safety or other imperative reasons of overriding public interest including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment ; there must be no satisfactory alternative ; and the action authorised will not be detrimental to the maintenance of the population of the species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their natural range. In relation to the three derogation tests the following statements relate to the Ridge End site: Preserving Public Health and Safety or other Imperative Reasons of Overriding Public Interest The existing Ridge End property is of poor design and layout which does not cater adequately for the needs of the resident family. The demolition of the existing property is required in order to allow the development of a new residential property with improved welfare facilities and layout. No Satisfactory Alternative The existing property is of a design which cannot easily be improved to cater for the family s needs. If the option of doing nothing was taken; the property would continue to provide unsuitable conditions for the resident family. The alternative of developing another site within the local area is not an option for social and economic reasons, and given the location of the area, another local site is likely to support European protected species such as bats. The proposed demoliton and development works are considered to be the most practicable option. Maintaining the Favourable Conservation Status of the Species at the Site Due to the presence of an intermittently used roost within the property, the proposed demolition will result in the disturbance and loss of the recorded pipistrelle and brown long-eared bat roosts within the property. As a result of the disturbance and loss of a bat roost at the site a European Protected Species Mitigation (EPSM) licence will be required prior to the proposed demolition works commencing. 11 This report is the copyright of.
14 The EPSM licence application will require the preparation of a clear and reasoned Method Statement which details the methods for maintaining the conservation status of the species at the site. This can be achieved by the following measures: A toolbox talk will be given to contractors on site who will be involved in the demolition works, and signage will be installed informing contractors of issues relating to bats and the demolition works. The demolition works will be carried out either during mid-march to late May or early September to mid-november so as to minimise the impact on bats. This is a period is a time when bats are neither hibernating nor breeding. Three Schwegler 1FF (Figure 3) bat boxes will be erected onto the mature trees located within the boundary of the site prior to the demolition works taking place. The bat boxes will be erected at a height of approximately 3m above ground level and will remain in place in perpetuity. Figure 3: Schwegler 1FF Bat Box Prior to any demolition works commencing at the site, the property will be inspected internally and externally by a licensed bat worker to locate roosting bats. Any bats found during this inspection will, if necessary, be removed by hand and placed within bat boxes which have been previously erected on trees located within the site grounds. To ensure that no bats are injured or maimed during the demolition works the careful removal of all hanging tiles, fascia boards and roof tiles will be carried out by a licensed bat worker using hand tools. 12 This report is the copyright of.
15 The demolition of the existing property will result in the loss of the existing roost features currently utilised by bats at the site. In order to provide similar roosting locations, the proposed garage building will incorporate a roof void with a total of four modified roof tiles replicating the access features present on the existing property. Two of the modified roof tiles will comprise of tiles which will be modified to provide bats access into the void beneath the tiles. The bat access/egress tiles will have a gap with a minimum height of 20 millimetres (mm) and will be the width of the tile; sections of bitumen felt will be positioned directly beneath the bat access tiles in order to provide bats with purchase as they enter the space. An example of the bat access/egress tile is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: Modified Roof Tile Access/Egress The remaining two modified roof tiles will be constructed to provide access into the roof void of the proposed garage building. These tiles will comprise of a specifically constructed bat tile (such as the Tudor Tiles bat access tile) and will be incorporated into the roof of the new garage (Figures 5, 6 and 7). The bat access tiles will have a gap of a minimum of 18 millimetres (mm) high and 60mm wide. The tiles will allow access through the modern breathable roof membrane into the roof void below. 13 This report is the copyright of.
16 Figures 5 and 6: Examples of Clay Bat Access Tiles 14 This report is the copyright of.
17 Figure 7: Example of how Bat Access to the Roof Void is to be provided in Association with the Bat Access Tile as Shown in Figures 5 and 6 The elevations of the proposed garage which incorporate bat mitigation infrastructure will remain free from artificial lighting. This will help to maintain unlit areas of the site that are likely to be suitable for foraging and commuting bats. 15 This report is the copyright of.
18 Appendix 1 Protected Species Legislation European Protected Animals Bats 2 In England, all bat species are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 through inclusion in Schedule 5. In addition, bats are protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations Taken together, these legislative instruments make it illegal to carry out the following activities: 1. Deliberately or recklessly capture or kill any wild animal of a European protected species; 2. Deliberately or recklessly disturb any such animal; 3. Deliberately or recklessly take or destroy eggs of any such wild animal; 4. Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place of such a wild animal; and 5. Keep, transport, sell or exchange, or offer for sale or exchange, any live or dead wild animal of a European protected species, or any part of, or anything derived from such a wild animal. Any activity that would result in a contravention of the above legislation would require a licence to avoid committing an offence. Natural England has powers to grant a licence for the following purposes: Preserving public health or public safety or other imperative reasons of overriding public interest including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment; or Preventing the spread of disease; or Preventing serious damage to livestock, foodstuffs for livestock, crops, vegetables, fruit, growing timber or any other form of property or to fisheries. The Habitats Directive contain three "derogation tests" which must be applied by Natural England when deciding whether to grant a licence to a person carrying out an activity which would harm an European protected species. For development activities this licence is obtained after Planning Permission has been obtained. The three tests are that: 2 Summarised from 1 This report is the copyright of.
19 The activity to be licensed must be for imperative reasons of overriding public interest or for public health and safety; There must be no satisfactory alternative; and Favourable conservation status of the species must be maintained. A recent court judgment 3 makes it clear that, notwithstanding the licensing regime, the Local Planning Authority must also address its mind to these three tests when deciding whether to grant planning permission for a development which could harm a European protected species. A Local Planning Authority failing to do so would be in breach of Regulation 3(4) of the 1994 Regulations which requires all public bodies to have regard to the requirements of the Habitats Directive in the exercise of their functions. In order to determine whether an activity requires a licence, Natural England advises that the guidance of a consultant ecologist is sought. However, Natural England offer the following advice as a guide: A licence is needed if the consultant ecologist, on the basis of survey information and specialist knowledge of the species concerned, considers that on balance the proposed activity is reasonably likely to result in an offence under Regulation 39 4 of the Habitats Directive; or If the consultant ecologist, on the basis of survey information and specialist knowledge of the species concerned, considers that on balance the proposed activity is reasonably unlikely to result in an offence under Regulation 39 of the Habitats Directive then no licence is required. However, in these circumstances Natural 3 Judgment handed down by His Honour Judge Waksman QC sitting as a judge of the High Court at the start of June 2009 in the case of R (on the application of Simon Woolley) v Cheshire East Borough Council. The judgment clarified for the first time the legal duty of a Local Planning Authority when determining a planning application for a development which may have an impact on European Protected Species ("EPS"), such as bats, great crested newts, dormice or otters. 4 Regulation 39 of the Habitats Directive states: (1) It is an offence to: (a) deliberately or recklessly to capture, injure or kill a wild animal of a European protected species; (b) deliberately or recklessly- (i) to harass a wild animal or group of wild animals of a European protected species; (ii) to disturb such an animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; (iii) to disturb such an animal while it is rearing or otherwise caring for its young; (iv) to obstruct access to a breeding site or resting place of such an animal, or otherwise to deny the animal use of the breeding site or resting place; (v) to disturb such an animal in a manner that is, or in circumstances which are, likely to significantly affect the local distribution or abundance of the species to which it belongs; (vi) disturb such an animal in a manner that is, or in circumstances which are, likely to impair its ability to survive, breed or reproduce, or rear or otherwise care for its young; or (vii) to disturb such an animal while it is migrating or hibernating; (c) deliberately or recklessly to take or destroy the eggs of such an animal; or (d) to damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place of such an animal. 2 This report is the copyright of.
20 England would urge that reasonable precautions be taken to minimise the effect on European protected species should they be found during the course of the activity. If they are found then work should cease and an application be made to the Wildlife Licensing Unit at Natural England, Bristol. 3 This report is the copyright of.
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