Infrared filters and dichroics for the advanced along-track scanning radiometer
|
|
- Gerard Phelps
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Infrared filters and dichroics for the advanced along-track scanning radiometer Roger Hunneman and Gary Hawkins The design and manufacture of the band-defining filters and their associated dichroic beam splitter for the 11- and the 12- m infrared channels of the advanced along-track scanning radiometer are described. The filter requirements that have led to the choice of coating designs, coating materials, disposition of coatings, and effects of polarization are discussed. Overall spectral throughputs of the filter and dichroic interaction for the two channels are also presented Optical Society of America Key words: Infrared filters, dichroic beam splitter, polarization, spectral throughput. The authors are with the Infrared Multilayer Laboratory, Department of Cybernetics, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 2AY, England. Received 22 November 1995; revised manuscript received 3 May $ Optical Society of America 1. Introduction The advanced along-track scanning radiometer AATSR instrument is a seven-channel visible infrared radiometer that is due to be launched on the European Space Agency satellite, ENVISAT-1. The instrument is an improved version of the successful ATSR flown on the European Space Agency s first remote sensing satellite, ERS-1, in 1991 and its successor, ATSR-2, launched in April 1995 on ERS-2. The instrument views the same area of sea through both a near-vertical nadir atmospheric path and through an inclined path of different length some distance along the satellite track, permitting accurate determination of the atmospheric correction. The infrared channels described here are used for the measurement of global sea-surface temperatures 1 averaged over a 50 km s 50 km area with an accuracy of 0.25 C between adjacent 1 km 1 km areas. The instrument builds up images of the sea surface pixel by pixel by means of a scanning telescope that focuses radiation onto a field stop in the focal-plane assembly. 2 The thermal infrared channels that are the subject of this paper are centered at approximately 11 and 12 m. The disposition of the coatings in the 11- and 12- m channels is novel insofar that the dichroic beam splitter that splits the 11- and 12- m channels simultaneously defines both the entirety of the transmitted 11- m band and the short-wavelength side of the 12- m band. This technique was originally developed by us for the ATSR and ATSR-2 filters and beam splitter to minimize the effects of polarization from the beam splitter, as discussed below. It is published here for the first time. Unknown to the present authors, a tilted bandpass filter was used in the advanced veryhigh-resolution radiometer as a dichroic, 3 presumably to reduce the number of coated surfaces, there is no mention in this reference to this approach being adopted to reduce polarization sensitivity. Also, the designers of the advanced very-high-resolution radiometer did not use a further bandpass filter in the 11- m transmitted channel to prevent stray radiation reaching the detector, as has been done in this work. 2. AATSR Infrared Focal-Plane-Array Layout The AATSR s focal-plane assembly shown in Fig. 1 is similar to that of the ATSR, as described by Tinkler et al. 4 ; the whole of this baseplate assembly is mounted in a housing that provides thermal isolation and can be evacuated when sealed with a ZnSe window for ground testing. To minimize detector noise and increase sensitivity, the baseplate assembly, including all the optics, is cooled to a temperature of 90 K by a Stirling cycle cooler. Beam splitters BS1 and BS2 operate in conical illumination of half-angle 5.5 incident at 30. The filters are required to operate in a greater converging illumination of half-angle 22, with the center of the beam being normally incident. Spectral requirements specify that the filters should have a minimum of distortion to the bandpass profile because of the highly conical illumination and the beam splitters 5524 APPLIED OPTICS Vol. 35, No October 1996
2 beam splitter BS2. The earlier ATSR and ATSR-2 did not have this coating. Fig. 1. AATSR focal-plane baseplate assembly. FPA, focalplane array. should exhibit minimal sensitivity T s p 2% at a given wavelength to any polarization present from the incoming signal. The out-of-band radiation should be blocked to at least the 10 4 rejection level from the Ge substrate absorption edge to 20 m. 3. Disposition of Coatings for the 11- and 12- m Channels To provide optimal performance and compliance with the specification, considering the precision of spectral placement required between the 11- and 12- m filter profiles 0.8%, the use of a bandpass filter was chosen as the dichroic BS2 instead of the more normally used edge filter. This choice was made first because the spectral placement of bandpass filters is generally more precise than that of edge filters, and second for the reduction of polarization effects both these points are discussed below. The 11- m banddefining filter was placed on the front surface of the BS2 dichroic, transmitting this channel through the beam splitter and reflecting the 12- m band with the long-wave reflection zone of this filter. The banddefining filter for the reflected 12- m channel was placed on the 12- m detector package window. This filter by itself is able to block to 20 m; its rear surface carries a filter that supplies the continuous short-wavelength blocking. For the 11- m channel, a bandpass filter of slightly greater width than the band-defining filter on the beam splitter was deposited on the detector package window. This filter, together with the continuous short-wavelength blocking on its rear surface, ensures that the detector, like that of 12- m channel, receives only in-band radiation, any scattered out-of-band radiation being blocked. The 11- m band-defining filter deposited on the front surface of BS2 is of the same design and materials as those of the 12- m filter, ensuring the same bandwidth, but because it was placed at the shorter wavelength it needed some assistance with the blocking to 20 m. To achieve this, a long-wave blocking filter was deposited on the rear surface of 4. Choice of Coating Materials and Designs In view of the strongly converging illumination on the bandpass filters and the use of the tilted beam splitter in converging light, it was desirable to use materials with the highest values of refractive index. This reduces the sensitivity of the filter profiles to wavelength variations with angle of incidence, as the change in effective thickness of each layer is much less for high-index layers than for low-index layers in the multilayer. As our laboratory has considerable expertise in the use of PbTe n 5.8 at 90 K, this was used in combination with ZnS n 2.15 and ZnSe n Furthermore, the bandpass filters were designed with cavities of PbTe, thus ensuring the highest effective index n* n* H n L when used with ZnSe or ZnS for the best minimization of angle of incidence effects. All three bandpass filters are of the same design. The slightly wider bandwidth of the 11- m detector package window bandpass filter over that of the band-defining filter deposited on BS2 was achieved when the low-index material used in the common design was changed from ZnS to ZnSe, thus reducing the index contrast and hence increasing the bandwidth. The use of the PbTe and ZnSe as coating materials in filter designs also has the advantage of minimizing polarization effects when compared with other material combinations for the reasons discussed above. 5. Filter Design The generic design used for all these coatings was a 13-layer triple half-wave filter comprising three cavities, each of one half-wavelength optical thickness at 0 separated by two reflectors of three layers each. The outer reflectors were the Ge substrate in combination with one layer and, at the air end, a reflector and antireflection layer of three layers. The formal statement of design was sub LHHLHLHHLHLHHLHL 1.0. This filter design has a square profile with a HBW of 10%; it is a good example of the minimal number of layers needed to achieve an acceptable spectral performance by the use of the high-index contrast available with PbTe in combination with ZnS. The continuous blocking to the short-wave side of the passband is provided by a 41-layer multilayer comprising two subsidiary Herpin stacks plus a 17- layer Chebyshev stack; the whole of this stack and parts of the others are optimized for in-band flatness. Full advantage was taken of another unique property of PbTe, viz, the movement to long wavelength of its short-wave semiconductor absorption edge from the 3.5- m region to 5.8 m when cooled to 90 K, thus reducing the number of layers needed for blocking over that needed with other material combinations. This short-wave blocking system was deposited on the rear of both the 12- m band-defining filter and the 11- m stray rejection filter. A 13-layer PbTe ZnSe Chebyshev stack optimized for flatness in band was deposited on the rear face of the dichroic. 1 October 1996 Vol. 35, No. 28 APPLIED OPTICS 5525
3 Fig. 2. a Nonpolarizing high-pass edge filter design after Seeley 7, b nonpolarizing high-pass edge filter design after optimization of layer thicknesses, c optimized Chebyshev high-pass edge filter design for comparison. This stack not only provided the necessary blocking to 20 m for the 11- m channel but also considerably reinforced the short-wave PbTe absorption blocking in the system by virtue of its thicker layers. 6. Filter Manufacture The filters were deposited in a Balzers 510 vacuum deposition machine fitted with a cryopump. The deposition materials were evaporated from resistance-heated sources mounted on a rotating slipring assembly. This arrangement allows the deposition of uniform thickness layers while accurate temperature control of the stationary filters mounted on a heated block in the upper part of the chamber can be maintained. The monitor and the filter substrates were thermally clamped into the jigwork attached to the block by the use of lead annular washers, backing pieces, and disk springs. Optical thickness monitoring was employed throughout the manufacture of the filters with various fixed wavelengths in the region m. Fractional layers, where necessary in the blocking multilayers, were deposited by the use of a spreadsheet-implemented algorithm to determine optical thickness from reflectivity levels. A shutter that isolated the filter pieces from the centrally mounted monitor was used to ensure that the computed thickness was deposited on the filters. The deposition took place at 185 C in a residual vacuum of 10 6 Torr, with O 2 added to Torr to ensure optimum optical properties for the PbTe. 5,6 7. Polarization The requirement to minimize the effects of polarization from beam splitter BS2 results from the rotating scan mirror s introducing a small amount of polarization into the sea-surface reflectivity; this polarization will then rotate as the scan mirror moves. If one plane of polarization is transmitted through the focalplane assembly more than the other, the signal will contain variations in the mirror scanning frequency, leading to errors in the retrieved brightness temperature. Seeley 7 made a study of possible alternative nonpolarizing edge filters designs by using the above materials. The transmission spectra of these designs show minimal polarization at the edge, but significant and increasing polarization as one moves away from the edge into the high-transmission passband region Fig. 2 a. This problem with the prototype design can be easily overcome by the optimization of the layer thicknesses, which renders the design less polarizing across the passband without significantly changing the minimal polarization situation at the edge Fig. 2 b. Unfortunately these designs were unrealizable because of our inability to deposit the necessary ZnTe n 3.1 outer layer with adequate low loss. The more conventional design of a high-pass edge filter by the use of an optimised Chebyshev equal-ripple polynomial with PbTe and ZnSe layer materials was investigated for use as the beam splitter. This design allows the best fit for both the edge steepness and the minimum ripple in the passband at normal incidence, but, as would be expected, the two polarizations split at the edge when used in oblique illumination to an unacceptable degree for use in this case Fig. 2 c. Bandpass filters that utilize these coating materials exhibit only small amounts of polarization, showing a split between the two polarizations in the case under discussion here of 2% or less on the edges of the passband profile. Further, given the accuracy of our deposition-process thickness monitoring, there are difficulties in achieving the specified spectral place APPLIED OPTICS Vol. 35, No October 1996
4 Fig. 3. AATSR 11- m filter showing computed performance at normal incidence in parallel light and in a cone of 22 half-angle, showing shift and polarization split. Fig. 5. AATSR combined filter dichroic beam splitter BS2 system response. Spectral measurements include the effects of polarization. ment of an edge filter that contains fractional quarter-wave layer thicknesses, but the accurate placement of a bandpass filter with integral quarterwave layer thicknesses is relatively straightforward. Accuracy of spectral placement is typically 1.5% for edge filters, compared with 0.3% for bandpass filters. This, coupled with the intrinsically good angle of incidence performance and the small sensitivity of the H-spaced bandpass design to polarization, led us to select the bandpass rather than the edge filter approach for the design and implementation of BS2. For example, Fig. 3 shows the computed profile of the 11- m filter both at normal incidence in parallel illumination and when in conical illumination of halfangle 22. This demonstrates the minor nature of the effects of conical illumination on the filter profile and the small polarization under these circumstances. 8. Overall Optical Train Throughputs for the 11- and 12- m Channels The resulting optical throughputs by calculation and for comparison by measurement for both the s and the p polarizations of the manufactured AATSR flight beam splitter BS2 and filter combinations are shown in Figs. 4 and 5, respectively. Measurements are performed at 90 K at the correct angles of incidence in a spectrophotometer cone angle of f 5.6. As can be seen, there is reasonable agreement between the two cases, the main deviation being caused by the slope on the top of the 11- m filter, which was probably due to a small mismatch in cavity thicknesses. The overall 11- m channel performance is lower than that of the 12- m channel because of the product of a 87% BS2 band-defining filter transmission, and the 11- m detector window filter at 74% is less than the product of 87% from a nearly 100% BS2 reflectance and a 87% 12- m band-defining filter transmission. However, both channels are of the correct bandwidth and overlap at the specified wavelength. 9. Conclusions We have demonstrated the use of a bandpass filter for simultaneously defining a spectral band and performing the function of a dichroic beam splitter with a minimum of polarization and angle of incidence effects. The change in transmission for the two different polarization directions for each component is less than 2%, giving an estimated error in the retrieved brightness temperature of less than 0.01 K. By exploiting the small but significant difference in refractive index between ZnS and ZnSe, we have shown an efficient way of using the same design of bandpass filter to perform the three functions dichroic mirror, band definition, and stray light rejection crucial for the separation, defining, and spectral integrity of the 11- and the 12- m channels. Additionally it should be pointed out that the 12- m band-defining filter and the 11- m stray rejection filter can also perform the function of antireflected detector windows. Fig. 4. Filter dichroic beam splitter BS2 interaction. Calculation is inclusive of absorption and shows polarization effects assuming ideal spectral placement. References 1. T. Edwards, R. Browning, J. Delderfield, D. J. Lee, K. A. Lidiard, R. S. Milborrow, P. H. McPherson, S. C. Peskett, G. M. Toplis, H. S. Taylor, I. Mason, G. Mason, A. Smith, and S. Stringer, The along track scanning radiometer measurement of sea-surface temperature from ERS-1, J. Br. Interplanet. Soc. 43, J. Delderfield, D. T. Llewellyn-Jones, R. Bernard, Y. de Javel, E. J. Williamson, I. Mason, D. R. Pick, and I. J. Barton, The 1 October 1996 Vol. 35, No. 28 APPLIED OPTICS 5527
5 along track scanning radiometer ATSR for ERS-1, in Instrumentation for Optical Remote Sensing from Space, J. W. Lear, M. Monfils, S. L. Russak, and J. S. Seeley, eds., Proc. SPIE 589, AVHRR, advanced very high resolution radiometer, technical description, NASA contract NAS ITT Aerospace Optical Division, D. Tinkler, D. R. Pick, S. J. Stringer, and C. G. Woods, The design of the focal plane assembly for the along track scanning radiometer, in Instrumentation for Optical Remote Sensing from Space, J. W. Lear, M. Monfils, S. L. Russak, and J. S. Seeley, eds., Proc. SPIE 589, C. S. Evans, R. Hunneman, J. S. Seeley, and A. Whatley, Filters for the 2 band of CO 2 ; monitoring and control of layer deposition, Appl. Opt. 15, C. S. Evans, R. Hunneman, and J. S. Seeley, Optical thickness changes in freshly deposited layers of lead telluride, J. Phys. D 9, J. S. Seeley, Simple nonpolarizing high pass filter, Appl. Opt. 24, APPLIED OPTICS Vol. 35, No October 1996
Filters for Dual Band Infrared Imagers
Filters for Dual Band Infrared Imagers Thomas D. Rahmlow, Jr.* a, Jeanne E. Lazo-Wasem a, Scott Wilkinson b, and Flemming Tinker c a Rugate Technologies, Inc., 353 Christian Street, Oxford, CT 6478; b
More informationAbsentee layer. A layer of dielectric material, transparent in the transmission region of
Glossary of Terms A Absentee layer. A layer of dielectric material, transparent in the transmission region of the filter, due to a phase thickness of 180. Absorption curve, absorption spectrum. The relative
More informationFlat Top, Ultra-Narrow Band Pass Optical Filters Using Plasma Deposited Hard Oxide Coatings
Flat Top, Ultra-Narrow Band Pass Optical Filters Using Plasma Deposited Hard Oxide Coatings Alluxa Engineering Staff September 2012 0 1 0.1 1 cav 2 cav 3 cav 4 cav 5 cav 0.01 0.001 635 636 637 638 639
More informationAngela Piegari ENEA, Optical Coatings Laboratory, Roma, Italy
Optical Filters for Space Instrumentation Angela Piegari ENEA, Optical Coatings Laboratory, Roma, Italy Trieste, 18 February 2015 Optical Filters Optical Filters are commonly used in Space instruments
More informationLecture 04: Solar Imaging Instruments
Hale COLLAGE (NJIT Phys-780) Topics in Solar Observation Techniques Lecture 04: Solar Imaging Instruments Wenda Cao New Jersey Institute of Technology Valentin M. Pillet National Solar Observatory SDO
More informationCompact Dual Field-of-View Telescope for Small Satellite Payloads
Compact Dual Field-of-View Telescope for Small Satellite Payloads James C. Peterson Space Dynamics Laboratory 1695 North Research Park Way, North Logan, UT 84341; 435-797-4624 Jim.Peterson@sdl.usu.edu
More informationSC Index Ratio Varied
Design of Multi-Band Square Band Pass Filters D. Morton, Denton Vacuum, Moorestown, NJ Key Words: Optical coating design Narrow band filter coatings Impedance matching Square band pass filter coatings
More informationSymmetrically coated pellicle beam splitters for dual quarter-wave retardation in reflection and transmission
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Electrical Engineering 1-1-2002 Symmetrically coated pellicle beam splitters for dual quarter-wave retardation
More informationSpectral and Polarization Configuration Guide for MS Series 3-CCD Cameras
Spectral and Polarization Configuration Guide for MS Series 3-CCD Cameras Geospatial Systems, Inc (GSI) MS 3100/4100 Series 3-CCD cameras utilize a color-separating prism to split broadband light entering
More informationNIRCam optical calibration sources
NIRCam optical calibration sources Stephen F. Somerstein, Glen D. Truong Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, D/ABDS, B/201 3251 Hanover St., Palo Alto, CA 94304-1187 ABSTRACT The Near Infrared
More informationSpatially Resolved Backscatter Ceilometer
Spatially Resolved Backscatter Ceilometer Design Team Hiba Fareed, Nicholas Paradiso, Evan Perillo, Michael Tahan Design Advisor Prof. Gregory Kowalski Sponsor, Spectral Sciences Inc. Steve Richstmeier,
More informationStarBright XLT Optical Coatings
StarBright XLT Optical Coatings StarBright XLT is Celestron s revolutionary optical coating system that outperforms any other coating in the commercial telescope market. Our most popular Schmidt-Cassegrain
More informationDual band antireflection coatings for the infrared
Dual band antireflection coatings for the infrared Thomas D. Rahmlow, Jr.* a, Jeanne E. Lazo-Wasem a, Scott Wilkinson b, and Flemming Tinker c a Rugate Technologies, Inc., 33 Christian Street, Oxford,
More informationMeasuring optical filters
Measuring optical filters Application Note Author Don Anderson and Michelle Archard Agilent Technologies, Inc. Mulgrave, Victoria 3170, Australia Introduction Bandpass filters are used to isolate a narrow
More informationInfrared broadband 50%-50% beam splitters for s- polarized light
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Electrical Engineering 7-1-2006 Infrared broadband 50%-50% beam splitters for s- polarized light R.
More informationObservational Astronomy
Observational Astronomy Instruments The telescope- instruments combination forms a tightly coupled system: Telescope = collecting photons and forming an image Instruments = registering and analyzing the
More informationMeasurement and alignment of linear variable filters
Measurement and alignment of linear variable filters Rob Sczupak, Markus Fredell, Tim Upton, Tom Rahmlow, Sheetal Chanda, Gregg Jarvis, Sarah Locknar, Florin Grosu, Terry Finnell and Robert Johnson Omega
More informationAdvanced Features of InfraTec Pyroelectric Detectors
1 Basics and Application of Variable Color Products The key element of InfraTec s variable color products is a silicon micro machined tunable narrow bandpass filter, which is fully integrated inside the
More informationDepartment of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan;
Verification of the controllability of refractive index by subwavelength structure fabricated by photolithography: toward single-material mid- and far-infrared multilayer filters Hironobu Makitsubo* a,b,
More informationAngela Piegari ENEA, Optical Coatings Laboratory, Roma, Italy
Optical Filters for Space Instrumentation Angela Piegari ENEA, Optical Coatings Laboratory, Roma, Italy Trieste, 18 February 2015 Optical coatings for Space Instrumentation Spectrometers, imagers, interferometers,
More informationA process for, and optical performance of, a low cost Wire Grid Polarizer
1.0 Introduction A process for, and optical performance of, a low cost Wire Grid Polarizer M.P.C.Watts, M. Little, E. Egan, A. Hochbaum, Chad Jones, S. Stephansen Agoura Technology Low angle shadowed deposition
More informationIn their earliest form, bandpass filters
Bandpass Filters Past and Present Bandpass filters are passive optical devices that control the flow of light. They can be used either to isolate certain wavelengths or colors, or to control the wavelengths
More informationEfficiency of an Ideal Solar Cell (Henry, C. H. J. Appl. Phys. 51, 4494) No absorption radiative recombination loss Thermalization loss Efficiencies of multi-band-gap Solar Cell (Henry, C. H. J. Appl.
More informationSR-5000N design: spectroradiometer's new performance improvements in FOV response uniformity (flatness) scan speed and other important features
SR-5000N design: spectroradiometer's new performance improvements in FOV response uniformity (flatness) scan speed and other important features Dario Cabib *, Shmuel Shapira, Moshe Lavi, Amir Gil and Uri
More informationDesign and monitoring of narrow bandpass filters composed of non-quarter-wave thicknesses
Design and monitoring of narrow bandpass filters composed of non-quarter-wave thicknesses Ronald R. Willey* Willey Optical, Consultants, 13039 Cedar Street, Charlevoix, MI, USA 49720 ABSTRACT Narrow bandpass
More informationQ-switched resonantly diode-pumped Er:YAG laser
Q-switched resonantly diode-pumped Er:YAG laser Igor Kudryashov a) and Alexei Katsnelson Princeton Lightwave Inc., 2555 US Route 130, Cranbury, New Jersey, 08512 ABSTRACT In this work, resonant diode pumping
More informationOPAL Optical Profiling of the Atmospheric Limb
OPAL Optical Profiling of the Atmospheric Limb Alan Marchant Chad Fish Erik Stromberg Charles Swenson Jim Peterson OPAL STEADE Mission Storm Time Energy & Dynamics Explorers NASA Mission of Opportunity
More informationAVHRR/3 Operational Calibration
AVHRR/3 Operational Calibration Jörg Ackermann, Remote Sensing and Products Division 1 Workshop`Radiometric Calibration for European Missions, 30/31 Aug. 2017`,Frascati (EUM/RSP/VWG/17/936014) AVHRR/3
More informationLE/ESSE Payload Design
LE/ESSE4360 - Payload Design 4.3 Communications Satellite Payload - Hardware Elements Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond Dr. Jinjun Shan, Professor of Space Engineering Department of Earth and Space Science
More informationFirst Observation of Stimulated Coherent Transition Radiation
SLAC 95 6913 June 1995 First Observation of Stimulated Coherent Transition Radiation Hung-chi Lihn, Pamela Kung, Chitrlada Settakorn, and Helmut Wiedemann Applied Physics Department and Stanford Linear
More informationBandpass Interference Filters
Precise control of center wavelength and bandpass shape Wide selection of stock wavelengths from 250 nm-1550 nm Selection of bandwidths Available in 1/2 and 1 sizes High peak transmission values Excellent
More informationMSPI: The Multiangle Spectro-Polarimetric Imager
MSPI: The Multiangle Spectro-Polarimetric Imager I. Summary Russell A. Chipman Professor, College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona (520) 626-9435 rchipman@optics.arizona.edu The Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric
More informationLow Cost Earth Sensor based on Oxygen Airglow
Assessment Executive Summary Date : 16.06.2008 Page: 1 of 7 Low Cost Earth Sensor based on Oxygen Airglow Executive Summary Prepared by: H. Shea EPFL LMTS herbert.shea@epfl.ch EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
More informationThe Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) Mission Status and Early Results
The Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) Mission Status and Early Results M. C. Edwards (University of Leicester, UK) D. Llewellyn-Jones (University of Leicester, UK) D. L. Smith (Rutherford
More informationA Laser-Based Thin-Film Growth Monitor
TECHNOLOGY by Charles Taylor, Darryl Barlett, Eric Chason, and Jerry Floro A Laser-Based Thin-Film Growth Monitor The Multi-beam Optical Sensor (MOS) was developed jointly by k-space Associates (Ann Arbor,
More informationUltraGraph Optics Design
UltraGraph Optics Design 5/10/99 Jim Hagerman Introduction This paper presents the current design status of the UltraGraph optics. Compromises in performance were made to reach certain product goals. Cost,
More informationGRENOUILLE.
GRENOUILLE Measuring ultrashort laser pulses the shortest events ever created has always been a challenge. For many years, it was possible to create ultrashort pulses, but not to measure them. Techniques
More informationOptical Coatings for Remote Sensing on FY-1 Meteorological
Invited Paper Optical oatings for Remote Sensing on FY-1 Meteorological Satellite and Airborne Remote Sensing Instrumentations Yixun Yan and Keqi Zhang Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics hinese Academy
More informationAn Optical Characteristic Testing System for the Infrared Fiber in a Transmission Bandwidth 9-11μm
An Optical Characteristic Testing System for the Infrared Fiber in a Transmission Bandwidth 9-11μm Ma Yangwu *, Liang Di ** Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Lab of Modern Optical
More informationUsing Frequency Diversity to Improve Measurement Speed Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Blvd., Suite 100 Suwanee, GA 30024
Using Frequency Diversity to Improve Measurement Speed Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Blvd., Suite 1 Suwanee, GA 324 ABSTRACT Conventional antenna measurement systems use a multiplexer or
More informationSupplementary Figure S1. Schematic representation of different functionalities that could be
Supplementary Figure S1. Schematic representation of different functionalities that could be obtained using the fiber-bundle approach This schematic representation shows some example of the possible functions
More informationBandpass Edge Dichroic Notch & More
Edmund Optics BROCHURE Filters COPYRIGHT 217 EDMUND OPTICS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1/17 Bandpass Edge Dichroic Notch & More Contact us for a Stock or Custom Quote Today! USA: +1-856-547-3488 EUROPE:
More informationModule 19 : WDM Components
Module 19 : WDM Components Lecture : WDM Components - I Part - I Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following WDM Components Optical Couplers Optical Amplifiers Multiplexers (MUX) Insertion
More informationDesign Thin Film Narrow Band-pass Filters For Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) Vol. 1, No. 2, June 2012, pp. 65~70 ISSN: 2252-8814 65 Design Thin Film Narrow Band-pass Filters For Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
More informationKilowatt Class High-Power CW Yb:YAG Cryogenic Laser
Kilowatt Class High-Power CW Yb:YAG Cryogenic Laser D.C. Brown, J.M. Singley, E. Yager, K. Kowalewski, J. Guelzow, and J. W. Kuper Snake Creek Lasers, LLC, Hallstead, PA 18822 ABSTRACT We discuss progress
More informationMicrowave Remote Sensing (1)
Microwave Remote Sensing (1) Microwave sensing encompasses both active and passive forms of remote sensing. The microwave portion of the spectrum covers the range from approximately 1cm to 1m in wavelength.
More informationUniversity of New Orleans. S. R. Perla. R. M.A. Azzam University of New Orleans,
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Electrical Engineering 9-19-2007 Embedded centrosymmetric multilayer stacks as complete-transmission
More informationECEN. Spectroscopy. Lab 8. copy. constituents HOMEWORK PR. Figure. 1. Layout of. of the
ECEN 4606 Lab 8 Spectroscopy SUMMARY: ROBLEM 1: Pedrotti 3 12-10. In this lab, you will design, build and test an optical spectrum analyzer and use it for both absorption and emission spectroscopy. The
More informationMicroSpot FOCUSING OBJECTIVES
OFR P R E C I S I O N O P T I C A L P R O D U C T S MicroSpot FOCUSING OBJECTIVES APPLICATIONS Micromachining Microlithography Laser scribing Photoablation MAJOR FEATURES For UV excimer & high-power YAG
More informationInstructions for the Experiment
Instructions for the Experiment Excitonic States in Atomically Thin Semiconductors 1. Introduction Alongside with electrical measurements, optical measurements are an indispensable tool for the study of
More informationMETimage an innovative imaging radiometer for Post-EPS
METimage an innovative imaging radiometer for Post-EPS Dr. Christian Brüns 1, Dr. Matthias Alpers 1, Dr. Alexander Pillukat 2 1 DLR German Space Agency, Königswinterer Straße 522-524, D-53227 Bonn, Germany
More informationSea surface temperature observation through clouds by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2
Sea surface temperature observation through clouds by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 Akira Shibata Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan (RESTEC) Tsukuba-Mitsui blds. 18F, 1-6-1 Takezono,
More informationTHE SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VEHICLE 2 MEDIUM WAVE INFRA RED IMAGER
THE SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VEHICLE 2 MEDIUM WAVE INFRA RED IMAGER S J Cawley, S Murphy, A Willig and P S Godfree Space Department The Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough United Kingdom
More informationHigh power VCSEL array pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers
High power array pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers Yihan Xiong, Robert Van Leeuwen, Laurence S. Watkins, Jean-Francois Seurin, Guoyang Xu, Alexander Miglo, Qing Wang, and Chuni Ghosh Princeton Optronics,
More informationBARR ASSOCIATES, INC.
BARR ASSOCIATES, INC. ULTRA-NARROW BANDPASS FILTERS Overview: Barr offers bandpass filters with bandwidth at Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) selectable from Wideband to Ultra-Narrowband, manufactured to
More informationOptical Design of an Off-axis Five-mirror-anastigmatic Telescope for Near Infrared Remote Sensing
Journal of the Optical Society of Korea Vol. 16, No. 4, December 01, pp. 343-348 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.01.16.4.343 Optical Design of an Off-axis Five-mirror-anastigmatic Telescope for Near
More informationIST IP NOBEL "Next generation Optical network for Broadband European Leadership"
DBR Tunable Lasers A variation of the DFB laser is the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. It operates in a similar manner except that the grating, instead of being etched into the gain medium, is
More informationUniversity of New Orleans. Jian Liu. Rasheed M.A. Azzam University of New Orleans,
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Electrical Engineering 10-1-1996 Infrared quarter-wave reflection retarders designed with high-spatial-frequency
More informationFilters. Edgepass Filters Introduction to Edgepass Interference Filters 96 Long Pass Interference Filters 97 Short Pass Interference Filters 97
Bandpass Introduction to Bandpass Interference 90-91 UV Bandpass 92 Visible Bandpass 92-93 IR Bandpass 94-95 Bandpass Filter Sets 95 Edgepass Introduction to Edgepass Interference 96 Long Pass Interference
More informationAdvances in X-Ray Scintillator Technology Roger D. Durst Bruker AXS Inc.
Advances in X-Ray Scintillator Technology Roger D. Durst Inc. Acknowledgements T. Thorson, Y. Diawara, E. Westbrook, MBC J. Morse, ESRF C. Summers, Georgia Tech/PTCE B. Wagner, Georgia Tech/PTCE V. Valdna,
More informationREOSC PIXELATED AND ADVANCED IR COATINGS
REOSC PIXELATED AND ADVANCED IR COATINGS October 19th, 2016 1. Safran Reosc Overview 2. Infra Red Optical Coatings for MTG and IASI-NG 3. Development of Infra Red Pixelated Coatings 2 1. Safran Reosc Overview
More informationMulti-kW high-brightness fiber coupled diode laser based on two dimensional stacked tailored diode bars
Multi-kW high-brightness fiber coupled diode laser based on two dimensional stacked tailored diode bars Andreas Bayer*, Andreas Unger, Bernd Köhler, Matthias Küster, Sascha Dürsch, Heiko Kissel, David
More informationEUV Plasma Source with IR Power Recycling
1 EUV Plasma Source with IR Power Recycling Kenneth C. Johnson kjinnovation@earthlink.net 1/6/2016 (first revision) Abstract Laser power requirements for an EUV laser-produced plasma source can be reduced
More informationWavelength Stabilization of HPDL Array Fast-Axis Collimation Optic with integrated VHG
Wavelength Stabilization of HPDL Array Fast-Axis Collimation Optic with integrated VHG C. Schnitzler a, S. Hambuecker a, O. Ruebenach a, V. Sinhoff a, G. Steckman b, L. West b, C. Wessling c, D. Hoffmann
More information70 Transformation of filter transmission data for f-number and chief ray angle
~~~~~~~ 70 Transformation of filter transmission data for f-number and chief ray angle I ABSTRACT This paper describes a method for transforming measured optical and infrared filter data for use with optical
More informationThermal tuning of volume Bragg gratings for high power spectral beam combining
Thermal tuning of volume Bragg gratings for high power spectral beam combining Derrek R. Drachenberg, Oleksiy Andrusyak, Ion Cohanoschi, Ivan Divliansky, Oleksiy Mokhun, Alexei Podvyaznyy, Vadim Smirnov,
More informationMulti-channel imaging cytometry with a single detector
Multi-channel imaging cytometry with a single detector Sarah Locknar 1, John Barton 1, Mark Entwistle 2, Gary Carver 1 and Robert Johnson 1 1 Omega Optical, Brattleboro, VT 05301 2 Philadelphia Lightwave,
More information7. Michelson Interferometer
7. Michelson Interferometer In this lab we are going to observe the interference patterns produced by two spherical waves as well as by two plane waves. We will study the operation of a Michelson interferometer,
More informationPolarCam and Advanced Applications
PolarCam and Advanced Applications Workshop Series 2013 Outline Polarimetry Background Stokes vector Types of Polarimeters Micro-polarizer Camera Data Processing Application Examples Passive Illumination
More informationAnti-reflection Coatings
Spectral Dispersion Spectral resolution defined as R = Low 10-100 Medium 100-1000s High 1000s+ Broadband filters have resolutions of a few (e.g. J-band corresponds to R=4). Anti-reflection Coatings Significant
More information4DAD, a device to align angularly and laterally a high power laser using a conventional sighting telescope as metrology
4DAD, a device to align angularly and laterally a high power laser using a conventional sighting telescope as metrology Christophe DUPUY, Thomas PFROMMER, Domenico BONACCINI CALIA European Southern Observatory,
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.im] 22 Jul 2014
Journal of Low Temperature Physics manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Z. Ahmed J.A. Grayson K.L. Thompson C-L. Kuo G. Brooks T. Pothoven Large-area Reflective Infrared Filters for Millimeter/sub-mm
More informationSpotlight 150 and 200 FT-IR Microscopy Systems
S P E C I F I C A T I O N S Spotlight 150 and 200 FT-IR Microscopy Systems FT-IR Microscopy Spotlight 200 with Frontier FT-IR Spectrometer Introduction PerkinElmer Spotlight FT-IR Microscopy Systems are
More informationPrecise hardening with high power diode lasers using beam shaping mirror optics
Precise hardening with high power diode lasers using beam shaping mirror optics Steffen Bonss, Marko Seifert, Berndt Brenner, Eckhard Beyer Fraunhofer IWS, Winterbergstrasse 28, D-01277 Dresden, Germany
More informationLecture 15 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and OTDR
Lecture 15 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and OTDR Introduction Where are we? Using semiconductors as amplifiers. Amplifier geometry Cross talk Polarisation dependence Gain clamping Real amplifier performance
More informationBias errors in PIV: the pixel locking effect revisited.
Bias errors in PIV: the pixel locking effect revisited. E.F.J. Overmars 1, N.G.W. Warncke, C. Poelma and J. Westerweel 1: Laboratory for Aero & Hydrodynamics, University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands,
More informationRadiometric Solar Telescope (RaST) The case for a Radiometric Solar Imager,
SORCE Science Meeting 29 January 2014 Mark Rast Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado, Boulder Radiometric Solar Telescope (RaST) The case for a Radiometric Solar Imager,
More informationTRAINING MANUAL. Multiphoton Microscopy LSM 510 META-NLO
TRAINING MANUAL Multiphoton Microscopy LSM 510 META-NLO September 2010 Multiphoton Microscopy Training Manual Multiphoton microscopy is only available on the LSM 510 META-NLO system. This system is equipped
More informationApplication Note (A11)
Application Note (A11) Slit and Aperture Selection in Spectroradiometry REVISION: C August 2013 Gooch & Housego 4632 36 th Street, Orlando, FL 32811 Tel: 1 407 422 3171 Fax: 1 407 648 5412 Email: sales@goochandhousego.com
More informationAchievement of Arbitrary Bandwidth of a Narrow Bandpass Filter
Achievement of Arbitrary Bandwidth of a Narrow Bandpass Filter Cheng-Chung ee, Sheng-ui Chen, Chien-Cheng Kuo and Ching-Yi Wei 2 Department of Optics and Photonics/ Thin Film Technology Center, National
More informationtransmission and reflection characteristics across the spectrum. 4. Neutral density
1. Interference Filters 2. Color SubstrateFilters Narrow band (±10nm),Broadband (±50nm and ±80nm), it has extremely angle sensitive, so carefully mounting is necessary. The highly selective reduce the
More informationOptical Lithography. Here Is Why. Burn J. Lin SPIE PRESS. Bellingham, Washington USA
Optical Lithography Here Is Why Burn J. Lin SPIE PRESS Bellingham, Washington USA Contents Preface xiii Chapter 1 Introducing Optical Lithography /1 1.1 The Role of Lithography in Integrated Circuit Fabrication
More informationHistorical. McPherson 15 Mount
McPherson 15 Mount Normal incidence designs include the McPherson 15 (classical 1.0 meter focal length) and modern NIM units. The latter features smaller included angles, longer focal lengths (e.g. 3,
More information5.0 NEXT-GENERATION INSTRUMENT CONCEPTS
5.0 NEXT-GENERATION INSTRUMENT CONCEPTS Studies of the potential next-generation earth radiation budget instrument, PERSEPHONE, as described in Chapter 2.0, require the use of a radiative model of the
More informationMicro-Mechanical Slit Positioning System as a Transmissive Spatial Light Modulator
Micro-Mechanical Slit Positioning System as a Transmissive Spatial Light Modulator Rainer Riesenberg Institute for Physical High Technology, P.O.Box 100 239, 07702 Jena, Germany ABSTRACT Micro-slits have
More informationRANDY W. ALKIRE, GEROLD ROSENBAUM AND GWYNDAF EVANS
S-94,316 PATENTS-US-A96698 BEAM POSITION MONITOR RANDY W. ALKIRE, GEROLD ROSENBAUM AND GWYNDAF EVANS CONTRACTUAL ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION The United States Government has rights in this invention pursuant
More informationBAFFLES DESIGN OF THE PROBA-V WIDE FOV TMA
BAFFLES DESIGN OF THE PROBA-V WIDE FOV TMA A. Mazzoli 1, P. Holbrouck 2, Y. Houbrechts 1, L. Maresi 3, Y. Stockman 1, M.Taccola 3, J. Versluys 2. 1 Centre Spatial de Liège (CSL), University of Liège, Avenue
More informationTailored bar concepts for 10 mm-mrad fiber coupled modules scalable to kw-class direct diode lasers
Tailored bar concepts for 1 mm-mrad fiber coupled modules scalable to kw-class direct diode lasers Andreas Unger*, Ross Uthoff, Michael Stoiber, Thomas Brand, Heiko Kissel, Bernd Köhler, Jens Biesenbach
More informationSimultaneous Infrared-Visible Imager/Spectrograph a Multi-Purpose Instrument for the Magdalena Ridge Observatory 2.4-m Telescope
Simultaneous Infrared-Visible Imager/Spectrograph a Multi-Purpose Instrument for the Magdalena Ridge Observatory 2.4-m Telescope M.B. Vincent *, E.V. Ryan Magdalena Ridge Observatory, New Mexico Institute
More informationInsertion Layer in a Mid-Ir Band-Pass Filter Structure to Improve Optical Transmittance
ISSN 4-3186 (Paper) ISSN 5-91 (Online) Vol.3, No.7, 13 Insertion Layer in a id-ir and-pass Filter Structure to Improve Optical Transmittance Hariyadi Soetedjo 1*, Gunawan Setyo Prabowo 1 Center for Integrated
More informationCHAPTER 6 Exposure Time Calculations
CHAPTER 6 Exposure Time Calculations In This Chapter... Overview / 75 Calculating NICMOS Imaging Sensitivities / 78 WWW Access to Imaging Tools / 83 Examples / 84 In this chapter we provide NICMOS-specific
More informationAn integral eld spectrograph for the 4-m European Solar Telescope
Mem. S.A.It. Vol. 84, 416 c SAIt 2013 Memorie della An integral eld spectrograph for the 4-m European Solar Telescope A. Calcines 1,2, M. Collados 1,2, and R. L. López 1 1 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
More informationTechnical Synopsis and Discussion of:
OPTI-521, Fall 2008 E.D. Fasse, Page 1 Technical Synopsis and Discussion of: Optical Alignment of a Pupil Imaging Spectrometer by Stephen Horchem and Richard Kohrman Proc. of SPIE Vol. 1167, Precision
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August ISSN Design and analysis Narrowband filters
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013 1854 Design and analysis Narrowband filters Gaillan H.Abdullah *,Bushra.R.Mahdi **, Farah G. *g_altayar@yahoo.com,boshera65m@yahoo.com
More informationRadiometric performance of Second Generation Global Imager (SGLI) using integrating sphere
Radiometric performance of Second Generation Global Imager (SGLI) using integrating sphere Taichiro Hashiguchi, Yoshihiko Okamura, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Yukinori Nakajima Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
More informationThe Design, Fabrication, and Application of Diamond Machined Null Lenses for Testing Generalized Aspheric Surfaces
The Design, Fabrication, and Application of Diamond Machined Null Lenses for Testing Generalized Aspheric Surfaces James T. McCann OFC - Diamond Turning Division 69T Island Street, Keene New Hampshire
More informationDesign of Non-Polarizing Beamsplitters
Design of Non-Polarizing Beamsplitters R.R. Willey, Willey Optical, Consultants, Charlevoix, MI ABSTRACT The principals of design for non-polarizing beamsplitters have been elusive to date. The problem
More informationABC Math Student Copy. N. May ABC Math Student Copy. Physics Week 13(Sem. 2) Name. Light Chapter Summary Cont d 2
Page 1 of 12 Physics Week 13(Sem. 2) Name Light Chapter Summary Cont d 2 Lens Abberation Lenses can have two types of abberation, spherical and chromic. Abberation occurs when the rays forming an image
More informationDedicated spectrophotometer for localized transmittance and reflectance measurements
Dedicated spectrophotometer for localized transmittance and reflectance measurements Laëtitia Abel-Tiberini, Frédéric Lemarquis, and Michel Lequime A dedicated spectrophotometer is built to achieve localized
More information1. INTRODUCTION 2. LASER ABSTRACT
Compact solid-state laser to generate 5 mj at 532 nm Bhabana Pati*, James Burgess, Michael Rayno and Kenneth Stebbins Q-Peak, Inc., 135 South Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730 ABSTRACT A compact and simple
More information