ECMA st Edition / June Near Field Communication Wired Interface (NFC-WI)

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1 ECMA s Ediion / June 2006 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI)

Sandard ECMA-373 1 s Ediion / June 2006 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Ecma Inernaional Rue

3 Sandard ECMA s Ediion / June 2006 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Ecma Inernaional Rue du Rhône 114 CH-1204 Geneva T/F: /01 IW ECMA-373.doc 22/06/ :40

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5 Inroducion Following he sandardisaion of Near Field Communicaion (NFC) sysems and heir es mehods in Ecma Inernaional, his Sandard specifies a wo-wire inerface beween wo componens called Transceiver and Fron-end. Sysems ha implemen he NFC-WI inerface can hus be augmened wih e.g. a wireless Fron-end for NFCIP-1 as illusraed in Figure 1. Alhough his Ecma Sandard only specifies requiremens for he Signal-In and Signal-Ou wires and he digial signals hey carry, informaive Annex A liss some NFCIP-1 specific consideraions. NFC Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) NFC Transceiver Signal-Ou Signal-In NFC Fron-End Device (e.g. NFCIP-1) Ou of Scope Ou of Scope In scope Figure 1 - Conex diagram for he NFC wired inerface This Ecma Sandard has been adoped by he General Assembly of June 2006.

7 Table of conens 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance 1 3 References 1 4 Definiions Clock Informaion Fron-end Transceiver 1 5 Convenions and noaions Represenaion of bi values Represenaion of logical saes of and Capialisaion of names Sae noaion 1 6 Acronyms 2 7 General 2 8 Signals Signal wires Signal-In Signal-Ou Elecrical characerisics Clock frequency (f CLK ) 4 9 NFC-WI saes Off sae Acivaing sae Signal-Ou acivaion Signal-In acivaion On sae Idle Busy De-Acivaing sae Signal-Ou deacivaion 8 - i -

8 9.4.2 Signal-In deacivaion Command sae Escape sequence 8 10 Informaion-Transfer Mancheser Bi coding Modified Miller Bi coding Bi coding for f CLK /128 (~106 kb/s) Signal-Ou Signal-In Bi coding for f CLK /64 (~212 kb/s) Signal-Ou Signal-In Bi coding for f CLK /32 (~424 kb/s) 11 Annex A (informaive) Applicaion of NFC-WI wih NFCIP-1 13 A.1 General 13 A.2 Reference 13 A.3 Propagaion delay 13 A.4 Communicaion Mode 13 A.5 RF-field conrol during acivaion 13 A.5.1 Acivaion wihou RF-field 13 A.5.2 Acivaion wih RF-field 14 A.6 Signal diagrams 15 A.6.1 f CLK / A.6.2 f CLK /64 16 Annex B (informaive) Command sae 17 B.1 Configuraion 17 - ii -

9 1 Scope This Ecma Sandard specifies he digial wire inerface beween a Transceiver and a Fron-end. The specificaion includes he signal wires, binary signals, he sae diagrams and he bi encodings for hree daa raes. 2 Conformance A conforming sysem implemens he NFC-WI requiremens specified herein. 3 References None. 4 Definiions 4.1 Clock A sequence of and as defined in 5.2 wih duraion of 1/(2*f CLK ), f CLK is defined in Informaion Bi-coded daa as defined in Clause Fron-end The Fron-end is he eniy ha drives he Signal-Ou wire and receives on he Signal-In wire. 4.4 Transceiver The Transceiver is he eniy ha drives he Signal-In wire and receives on he Signal-Ou wire. 5 Convenions and noaions 5.1 Represenaion of bi values Bi values are eiher ZERO or ONE. 5.2 Represenaion of logical saes of and The logical signal sae is if he elecrical level of a signal has he inpu volage of V IL or he oupu volage of V OL as specified in Table 1 in 8.2. The logical signal sae is if he elecrical level of a signal has he inpu volage of V IH or he oupu volage of V OH as specified in Table 1 in Capialisaion of names The iniial characer of names of basic elemens, e.g. specific fields, is capialised. 5.4 Sae noaion The saes are specified in Unified Modelling Language (UML) noaion

10 6 Acronyms AND Logical AND operaion f CLK Clock frequency as defined in 8.3 NFC-WI OR XOR Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface Logical OR operaion Logical XOR operaion Divide a clock frequency by a consan value. Table 1 in 8.2 lis addiional symbols for elecrical characerisics. 7 General The NFC-Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) specifies he Signal-In and he Signal-Ou wires as illusraed in Figure 2. The wires carry binary signals of and. NFC Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) NFC Transceiver Signal-Ou Signal-In NFC Fron-End In scope Figure 2 NFC-WI The combinaions of he signals on he wires make up he NFC-WI saes as defined in Clause 9. Clause 10 specifies encodings for Informaion ransfer, while in he On sae, for he f CLK /128, f CLK /64 and f CLK /32 daa ransfer raes. Annex A liss NFCIP-1 specific consideraions for implemening he NFC-WI; Annex B liss possible uses of he Command sae, such as changing o alernaive proocols. 8 Signals 8.1 Signal wires Signal-In The Transceiver drives he Signal-In wire wih a binary signal of and. The Fron-end receives he binary signal on Signal-In Signal-Ou The Fron-end drives he Signal-Ou wire wih a binary signal of and. The Transceiver receives he binary signal on Signal-Ou

11 8.2 Elecrical characerisics The wires shall carry (binary) digial signals as illusraed in Figure 3 and specified in Table 1. Figure 3 Illusraion of some elecrical parameers Table 1 Elecrical characerisics Symbol Parameer Condiions Min Max Uni DC Characerisics V S Signalling volage ampliude No applicable 1,62 3,63 V V IH level inpu volage No applicable 1,10 3,63 V V IL level inpu volage No applicable 0 0,70 V I LI Inpu leakage curren Inpu volage is beween V ILmin and V IHmax ± 4 ma V OH level oupu volage Driver source curren of 4mA 1,32 3,63 V V OL level oupu volage Driver sink curren of 4mA 0 0,30 V AC Characerisics r f Signal-In, Signal-Ou rise ime (from 10 % o 90 % of V S ) Signal-In, Signal-Ou fall ime (from 90 % o 10 % of V S ) Add an exernal capaciive load beween 10 pf and 30 pf for esing Add an exernal capaciive load beween 10 pf and 30 pf for esing 4 20 ns 4 20 ns SP Pulse widh of spikes and gliches which mus be suppressed by he inpu filer No applicable 1 ns C I Inpu capaciance 1 MHz es frequency 10 pf C L Exernal load capaciance for he driver No applicable 30 pf V ITR Inpu volage range a signal ransiions No applicable 0,30 3,93 V Pulse widh No applicable 30 ns Environmenal / Tes Condiions T amb Ambien emperaure for elecrical characerisics measuremens No applicable C - 3 -

12 8.3 Clock frequency (f CLK ) The clock frequency (f CLK ) shall be 13,56 MHz ± 7 khz. 9 NFC-WI saes Figure 4 specifies he main NFC-WI saes. The Off sae and he On sae are he main NFC-WI saes. The Off sae is he defaul sae. NFC-WI shall move from he Off sae o he On sae via he Acivaing sae. NFC-WI shall move from he On sae o he Off sae via he De-Acivaing sae. NFC-WI shall move from he On sae o he Command sae via he Escape sequence. Off Acivaing Deacivaing On Command Figure 4 Main saes of NFC-WI 9.1 Off sae When Signal-In and Signal-Ou are for a leas 120 µs, he NFC-WI sae shall be Off. NOTE In his sae, power saving feaures may be implemened

13 9.2 Acivaing sae The NFC-WI shall ener he Acivaing sae when eiher Signal-Ou or Signal-In carry he acivaion sequence, as specified in and respecively. When subsequenly he opposie wire carries he acivaion response, he NFC-WI shall ener he On sae, see Figure 5. Acivaing ACT_REQ_So ACT_REQ_Si Wai Signal- In ACT_RES_Si ACT_RES_So Wai Signal- Ou Figure 5 - Acivaing sae Signal-Ou acivaion When he Signal-Ou wire carries he ACT_REQ_So, he NFC-WI shall ener he Acivaing sae. When Signal-In carries he ACT_RES_Si no laer han 50 ms afer enering he Acivaing sae he NFC-WI shall ener he On sae. Oherwise he NFC-WI shall ener he Off sae. The acivaion sequence is illusraed in Figure 6 and Figure 7. Fron-end Transceiver ACT_REQ_So ACT_RES_Si Figure 6 Signal-Ou acivaion ACT_REQ_So The Clock on he Signal-Ou wire consiues he ACT_REQ_So as illusraed in he upper par of Figure ACT_RES_Si The on Signal-In consiues he ACT_RES_Si as illusraed in he lower par of Figure

14 Off Sae Acivaing Sae On Sae Signal on Signal-Ou Signal on Signal-In max. 50ms Figure 7 Signal-Ou iniiaed acivaion sequence Signal-In acivaion When he Signal-In wire carries he ACT_REQ_Si, he NFC-WI shall ener he Acivaing sae. When Signal-Ou carries he ACT_RES_So wihin a period of beween 100 µs and 50 ms afer enering he Acivaing sae he NFC-WI shall ener he On sae. Oherwise he NFC-WI shall ener he Off sae. The acivaion sequence is illusraed in Figure 8 and Figure 9. Fron-end Transceiver ACT_REQ_Si ACT_RES_So Figure 8 Signal-In acivaion ACT_REQ_Si A leas 127 pulses wih a frequency in he range of 2 MHz o 12 MHz on Signal-In consiue he ACT_REQ_Si as illusraed in he upper par of Figure 9. Subsequenly Signal-In shall be ACT_RES_So The Clock on he Signal-Ou wire consiues he ACT_RES_So as illusraed in he lower par of Figure

15 Off Sae Acivaing Sae On Sae Signal on Signal-In Signal on Signal-Ou 100µs.. 50ms Figure 9 Signal-In iniiaed acivaion sequence 9.3 On sae The On sae consiss of he Idle and Busy sub saes; Idle is he defaul sub-sae of On, see Figure 10. On Idle Busy Figure 10 The On sae Idle While in he On sae, in he absence of Informaion-ransfer, he On sub-sae shall be Idle. In he Idle sub-sae, Signal-In shall carry, and Signal-Ou shall carry he Clock Busy While in he On sae, during Informaion-ransfer on eiher Signal-In or Signal-Ou, he On subsae shall be Busy. 9.4 De-Acivaing sae The NFC-WI shall ener he De-Acivaing sae when eiher Signal-Ou or Signal-In carry he deacivaion sequence as specified in and respecively. When subsequenly he opposie wire carries he deacivaion response, he NFC-WI shall ener he Off sae, see Figure

16 De-Acivaing DEAC_REQ_So DEAC_REQ_Si Wai Signal- In DEAC_RES_Si DEAC_RES_So Wai Signal- Ou Figure 11 De-Acivaing sae Signal-Ou deacivaion When Signal-Ou carries DEACT_REQ_So, he NFC-WI shall ener De-Acivaing sae. Wihin 50 ms, he Signal-In shall carry DEACT_RES_Si, and he NFC-WI shall ener he Off sae DEACT_REQ_So Signal-Ou se o for more han 120 µs consiues he DEACT_REQ_So DEACT_RES_Si Signal-In se o consiues he DEACT_RES_Si Signal-In deacivaion When Signal-In carries DEACT_REQ_Si, he NFC-WI shall ener De-Acivaing sae. Wihin 50 ms, he Signal-Ou shall carry DEACT_RES_So, and he NFC-WI shall ener he Off sae DEACT_REQ_Si Signal-In se o for more han 120 µs consiues he DEACT_REQ_Si DEACT_RES_So Signal-Ou se o consiues he DEACT_RES_So. 9.5 Command sae The Command sae shall be enered from he On sae using he Escape sequence. The defaul bi coding in Command sae shall be as defined in 10.3, Bi coding for f CLK /128. The Command sae is exied wih a command. The command se is ouside he scope of his Sandard Escape sequence A leas 127 pulses wih a frequency in he range from 2 MHz o 12 MHz on Signal-In consiue he Escape sequence as illusraed in Figure 12. Subsequenly Signal-In shall be

17 On Sae Command Sae Signal on Signal-In Signal on Signal-Ou Figure 12 Escape sequence 10 Informaion-Transfer This Clause specifies he bi coding for hree daa raes Mancheser Bi coding The Mancheser bi coding encodes ONE and ZERO in a o ransiion in he middle of a bi period as illusraed in Figure 13. The firs half of he bi is and he second half of he bi is for a ONE. The firs half of he bi is and he second half of he bi is for a ZERO. Reverse polariy shall be permied. Figure 13 - Mancheser bi coding 10.2 Modified Miller Bi coding The Modified Miller bi coding defines ONE and ZERO by he posiion of a pulse during one bi period. The pulse is a ransiion from o, followed by a period of, followed by a ransiion o. The bi represenaion is illusraed in Figure 14. For a ONE he pulse shall occur in he second half of he bi period; he ransiion from o shall be in he middle of he bi period. For a ZERO a pulse shall occur a he beginning of he bi period wih he following excepion. In case a ZERO bi follows a ONE bi, no pulse shall occur during his ZERO

18 Figure 14 - Modified Miller bi coding 10.3 Bi coding for f CLK /128 (~106 kb/s) Signal-Ou Signal-Ou shall carry he AND combinaion of he Modified Miller bi coded daa and f CLK as illusraed in Figure 15. The Modified Miller bi coded pulse is a leas 7 and a mos 45 f CLK cycles long. Bi value ZERO ZERO ONE ONE ZERO ZERO Signal on Signal-Ou Figure 15 - Signal-Ou coding a f CLK / Signal-In Coding on Signal-In shall carry he OR combinaion of he invered Mancheser bi-coded daa and (f CLK 16). Every bi shall sar wih he low phase of he (f CLK 16) as illusraed in Figure 16. Bi value ONE ZERO ONE ONE Signal on Signal-In Figure 16 Signal-In coding a f CLK / Bi coding for f CLK /64 (~212 kb/s) Signal-Ou Signal-Ou shall carry he XOR of he Mancheser bi-coded daa and he Clock, as illusraed in Figure

19 Bivalue ZERO ONE ZERO ZERO ONE Signal on Signal-Ou Figure 17 Signal-Ou coding a f CLK / Signal-In Coding on Signal-In shall carry he Mancheser bi-coded daa, as illusraed in Figure 18. Bi value ZERO ONE ZERO ONE ONE Signal on Signal-In Figure 18 Signal-In coding a f CLK / Bi coding for f CLK /32 (~424 kb/s) The bi coding for f CLK /32 shall be he same as he bi coding for f CLK /64 as defined in

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21 Annex A (informaive) Applicaion of NFC-WI wih NFCIP-1 A.1 General This Annex lis specific consideraions for NFCIP-1 devices ha implemen NFC-WI. A.2 Reference ECMA-340 Near Field Communicaion - Inerface and Proocol (NFCIP-1) A.3 Propagaion delay The propagaion delay of he Fron-end is he ineger number of clock cycles needed for signal processing in he Fron-end. This delay is divided ino wo pars, one ime for Signal-Ou ( 1 ) and one for Signal-In ( 2 ). The sum of hem is he propagaion delay. ECMA-340 Fron-ends, using he NFC-WI inerface have he following requiremens on he propagaion delay: For daa rae f CLK /128: For daa rae f CLK /64: For daa rae f CLK /32: A.4 Communicaion Mode ( ) equal o 128 clock cycles ( ) maximum 256 clock cycles ( ) maximum 256 clock cycles The defaul communicaion mode is he Passive communicaion mode. A.5 RF-field conrol during acivaion In 9.2, he Sandard defines he Acivaing sae. The acivaion sequence defined in only acivaes he NFC-WI. Wheher he NFCIP-1 RF-field is swiched on is described by he following wo cases. A.5.1 Acivaion wihou RF-field When ACT_REQ_Si is shorer han 100µs he NFC-WI eners he On sae wihou he Fron-end swiching on he RF-field

22 Off Sae Acivaing Sae On Sae Signal on Signal-In Signal on Signal-Ou Max RF-field Min < 100µs Figure A.1 Acivaion wihou RF-field A.5.2 Acivaion wih RF-field When ACT_REQ_Si is overlapping he ACT_RES_So for a leas 16 clock cycles he NFC-WI eners he On sae wih he Fron-end performing he Iniial RF collision avoidance sequence as defined in ECMA-340. If he Fron-end is no able o swich on he RF-field i iniiaes he Signal-Ou deacivaion. Off Sae Acivaing Sae On Sae Signal on Signal-In Signal on Signal-Ou Max RF-field Min 100µs.. 50ms > 16 clock cycles Figure A.2 Acivaion wih RF-field

23 A.6 Signal diagrams This Clause illusraes possible signal combinaions for Signal-In, Signal-Ou and he RF-field. A.6.1 f CLK /128 RF-field OFF Sae ACTIVATING Sae IDLE sub-sae BUSY sub-sae ON Sae IDLE sub-sae BUSY sub-sae IDLE sub-sae DEACTIVATING Sae OFF Sae Signal-ou wire Signal-in wire max. 50ms 1 2 Figure A.3 Signal diagram f CLK /

24 A.6.2 f CLK /64 RF-field OFF Sae ACTIVATING Sae IDLE sub-sae BUSY sub-sae ON Sae IDLE sub-sae BUSY sub-sae IDLE sub-sae DEACTIVATING Sae OFF Sae Signal-ou wire Signal-in wire max. 50ms 1 2 Figure A.4 Signal diagram f CLK /

25 Annex B (informaive) Command sae B.1 Configuraion This Sandard specifies he Escape sequence o ener he Command sae in 9.5. The Command sae allows he exchange of conrol and sae informaion beween he Transceiver and he Fronend. Such exchange may include: indicaion of he presence of he RF-field; informaion abou he sae of he RF-Collision avoidance; conrol informaion o change daa raes and communicaion modes. Furhermore, he Command mode allows changing o oher communicaion proocols

ECMA-373. Near Field Communication Wired Interface (NFC-WI) 2 nd Edition / June Reference number ECMA-123:2009

ECMA-373. Near Field Communication Wired Interface (NFC-WI) 2 nd Edition / June Reference number ECMA-123:2009 ECMA-373 2 nd Ediion / June 2012 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Reference number ECMA-123:2009 Ecma Inernaional 2009 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma Inernaional 2012 Conens Page 1 Scope...