The Military History of Tsarist Russia

Transcription

1 The Military History of Tsarist Russia Edited by and Robin Higham palgrave

2 * THE MILI1i\RY HISTORY OF TSARIST RUSSIA Copyright Frederiek W Kagan and Robin Higham, Sotlcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reprodueed in any manner whatsoever without written permission exeept in the ease of brief quotations embodied in critical artieles or reviews. Firsr published 2002 by PALGRAVET" 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG2l 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE is the new global publishing imprint of St. Martin's Press LLC Seholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd. (formerly Maemillan Press Ltd.). ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not neeessarily rebect the views of any ageney or department of the United States government. Library oe Congress Caraloging-in-Publiearion Dara The military history of tsarist Russia 1 Robin Higham and Frederick W Kagan, edi to rs. p. em. 1. Russia-History, Military. 2. Soviet Union-History, Military. 1. Higham, Robin D.S. II Kagan, Frederiek W., DK51.M ' de21 A eatalogue record for this book is available from the Brirish Library. Design by Letra Libre, [ne. First edition: February Transferred to digital printing 2005

3 CONTENTS About the Contributors v l. Introduction and Robin Higham 2. The Foundations ofmuscovite Military Power, Brian Davies 3. The Romanov Transformation, Paul Bushkovitch 4. The Imperial Russian Army, Bruce W Menning 5. Paul I and Catherine II's Military Legacy, Bruce W Menning 6. Russia's Wars with Napoleon, Russia's Small Wars, The Russian Army, Robert F. Baumann 9. The Imperial Russian Navy, : The Ambiguous Legacy of Peter's "Second Arm" 151 Jacob W Kipp 10. The Russo-Japanese War 183 David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 1l. Mukden to Tannenberg: Defeat to Defeat, Bruce W Menning 12. The Imperial Army in World War I, David R. Jones 13. Russia's Geopolitical Dilemma and the Question of Backwardness 249 Index 259

4 LIST OF MAPS Muscovy, The Seven Years War 46 The Russo-Turkish Wars 76 Ulm Campaign 106 Austerlitz 108 Far Eastern Theater 182 East Prussia,

5 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS Brian Davies is Associate Professor of History at the University oftexas at San Antonio. A specialist in the social history of seventeenth-century Russia, he is the author of a forthcoming study of military colonization and state-society relations on Muscovy's southern frontier. Bruce W Menning is a professor of strategy with the Department ofjoint and Multinational Operations at the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College, Ft. Leavenworth, KS. He is the author of Bayonets before Bullets: The Imperial Russian Army, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992, reprinted 2000) and numerous chapters and articles on the military history of Russia and the Soviet Union. David R. Jones was educated at Dalhousie, Duke and Oxford Universities. He has edited 12 volumes of The Soviet Armed Forces Review Annual (SAFA) and eight volumes of The Military-Naval Encyclopedia 0/ Russia and the Soviet Union. His numerous articles include specialized studies of the Russian Army in World War I and his most recent book (with Boris Raymond) is The Russian Diaspora (Scarecrow Press 2000). He presently lives and works in Halifax, NS, Canada. David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye is Assistant Professor of Russian and East Asian history at Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. He received a PhD in history from Yale University. He is the author of 10- ward the Rising Sun: Russian Ideologies 0/ Empire on the Path to war with Japan (DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2001), and is currently writing a book about Russian Orientalism. received his PhD in Russian and Soviet military history from Yale University in He is the author of The Military Reforms 0/ Nicholas 1: The Origins 0/ the Modern Russian Army (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), and co-author with Donald Kagan of While America Sleeps: Self-Delusion, Military Weakness, and the Threat to Peace 10day (New York: St.

6 VI AROUT THE COl\TRIBUTORS Martin's Press, 2000), as weil as numerous scholarly and defense-policy related articles. He is currently an associate professor at the Uni ted States Military Academ~T at West Point. Jacob Kipp is a senior analyst with the Foreign Military Studies Office of the U. S. Army Training and Ooctrine Command at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. He received his PhO. in Russian History from the Pennsylvania State University in 1970 and joined the History Oepartment of Kansas State University in 1971, where he taught until 1985, when he joined the Soviet Army Studies Office. Or. Kipp holds the rank of Adjunct Professor of History with the University of Kansas. He has published extensively in Russian and Soviet military and naval history Paul Bushkovitch received his doctorate from Columbia University, and has taught Russian history at Yale since He is the author of The Merchants ofmoscow (Cambridge, 1980), Religion and Society in Russia: the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Oxford, 1992), Peter the Great: the Struggle for Power (Cambridge, 2001), Peter the Great (Rowman and Littlefield, 2001), and edited with MaijaJansson and Nikolai Rogozhin: England and the North: the Russian Embassy of , volume 210, Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia, 1994). Robert F Baumann is an Associate Professor of Military History at the U.S. Army Command and Staff College at Ft. Leavenworth. He is the author of RussianlSoviet wars in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Afghanistan, and co-author of Invasion, Intervention, 1ntervasion:' A Concise History ofthe USo Army in Operation Uphold Democracy. Robin Higham, professor of Military History emeritus at Kansas State University, was editor of Military Affairs for twenty-one years and of Aerospace Historian for eighteen. He recently co-edited Russian Aviation and Air Power with John T. Greenwood and Von Hardesty.