Directory of IISL Board of Directors. Standing Committee on the Status of International Agreements Relating to Activities in Outer Space A.

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1 Table of Contents Preface T. Masson-Zwaan Directory of IISL Board of Directors Standing Committee on the Status of International Agreements Relating to Activities in Outer Space A. Terekhov Photos of IISL Activities in 2012 xiii xxi xxiii xxxviii 55th COLLOQUIUM ON THE LAW OF OUTER SPACE, NAPLES, ITALY SESSIONS 1. Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture on Space Law & 4th Young Scholars Session Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture: The Legal Dimension of the Sustainability of Outer Space Activities: The Draft Code of Conduct on Outer Space Activities 3 S. Marchisio The Elusive Frontier: Revisiting the Delimitation of Outer Space 23 O. Bittencourt Neto Winner Of The 2012 Isabella H.Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor Award For Best Paper By A Young Author National Space Legislation for Emerging Space-Capable Nations 37 J. Chatterjee, C. Johnson and A. Puścińska v

2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPACE LAW 2012 Natural Disasters: The Duty to Warn 47 D. Zannoni Space Law - Future Challenges and Potential Solutions 67 D. Agrawal and S. Reddy Interaction between Diverse Sources of Law Applicable to Legal Challenges Caused by Commercial Space Activities 74 M. Yuzbashyan Impact of Germany s Recent Space Policy and Progress Towards a National Legislation 92 S. Teichert PPWT 2008 versus EU Code of Conduct 107 M. Pozza How to Foster the Development of Space Commerce Through Law and Economics 121 M. Zorc A Branch of International Law or an Undermining Factor to International Law: A Study on the Development of Space Law 127 Z. Lu Legal Issues Concerning Registration of Space Objects - A Study of JAXA s Practices and Future Challenges 140 H. Kishindo 2. The Interaction between International Private Law and Space Law and Its Impact on Commercial Space Activities The UNIDROIT Protocol to the CAPE Town Convention on Matters Specific to Space Assets 153 M. Stanford Space Assets Protocol and Compliance with International and Domestic Law 185 S. Marchisio The Space Protocol to the CAPE Town Convention and the UN Space Law Treaties 195 P. Larsen Last Comments on the Text of the Draft Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Space Assets 208 G. Catalano Sgrosso vi

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS How the Rescue and Return Agreement Can Protect (and Harm) the Interest of a Creditor under the Cape Town Convention 221 M. Sundahl Collisions in Space: Perspectives on the Law Applicable to Damage Arising from Space Objects 230 L. Smith Privatization of Space Law: Negotiating of Commercial and Benefit-Sharing Issues in the Utilization of Outer Space 243 A. Latipulhayat Corporate Governance and the Commercialization of Space Transportation 254 S. Morikawa and M. Nakano Towards a New International Space Liability Regime Alongside the Liability Convention H. Kazemi, H. Mahmoudi and A. Golroo The Legal and Policy Considerations in Implementing the Space Assets Protocol: Lessons from the Aircraft Equipment Protocol in South Africa 274 P. Sekhula 3. The International Legal Regulation of Outer Space within the Scope of Public International Law A Roadmap for a Sustainable Space Law Regime 299 H. Hertzfeld Analogues between Space Law and Law of the Sea/International Maritime Law: Can Space Law Usefully Borrow or Adapt Rules from These Other Areas of Public International Law? 316 M. Schaefer Critical Legal Issues Associated with Current and Future Spacefaring Endeavors 331 R. Burks and C. Carmen Revisit the Concept of International Custom in International Space Law 348 J. Nie and H. Yang The Applicability of Rules of International Humanitarian Law to Military Conflicts in Outer Space: Legal Certainty or Time for a Change? 357 F. Tronchetti vii

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPACE LAW 2012 The Relationship between the United Nations Space Treaties and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 375 R. Jakhu and S. Freeland The Standard of Due Diligence in Operating a Space Object 392 S. Aoki The Dichotomy between the Duty to Provide Information and the Security Concerns of the State 406 K. Shestakova 4. Legal Evidence from Outer Space Evidence from Space and Its Validity in Legal Proceedings: Dispute Settlement in Light of the 2011 PCA Procedural Rules on Arbitration (2011) 427 M. Williams Remote Sensing Imagery and Maritime Security: Privacy Law and Legal Solutions 439 C. Golda and S. Lupo The Use of Data from Earth Observation Satellites in Criminal Proceedings: Case Study of Illegal Oil Discharges at Sea 451 S. Moens The Use of Satellite Images for Prosecuting Persons and Companies That Have Caused Deforestation in the Amazon Region 462 A. Dos Santos The Impact of Satellite Data Used by High International Courts Like the ICJ (International Court of Justice) and ITLOS (International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea) 471 A. Froehlich Judicial Admissibility of Satellite Data Evidence in Nigerian Courts 484 O. John, E. Eguaroje and G. Efron 5. Recent Developments in Space Law Legal Issues Presented by Hosted Payloads 495 M. Smith and S. Smith The New Development of China s Space Policy 509 L. Shouping Culmination of Efforts in the Area of National Space Legislation in I. Marboe viii

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS The Emergence of National Space Law Legislation 528 P. Dempsey Space Law in the Light of Bobbios s Theory of Legal Ordering 540 J. Monserrat-Filho World Radiocommunication Conference 2012: Results Affecting Intergovernmental Satellite Organizations 555 E. Morozova Orbiting under the Radar: Nano-Satellites, International Obligations and National Space Laws 566 N. Palkovitz and T. Masson-Zwaan The Radiocommunication Assembly (RA-12) and the World Radio Conference (WRC-12), Geneva, 2012: Progress(?) 579 F. Lyall Space Insurance Law - A New Step to Space Commercialization in the Russian Federation 587 O. Volynskaya ESA s Choice of Futures: Envisat Removal or First Liability Case 597 M. Mejía-Kaiser Actual Situation in the Geostationary Orbit 610 L. Perek Implementation of the French Space Operations Act for Launchers, and Contribution to the Control of Risks 624 F. Cahuzac and S. Louvel Sustainability of Space Environment: Draft UNGA Resolution 639 M. Hofmann Another Addition to National Space Legislation: The Austrian Outer Space Act, Adopted 6 December F. von der Dunk COLLOQUIUM REPORT Report of the 55th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, Naples, Italy, Contributed by Rapporteurs O. Bittencourt Neto, O. Stelmakh, E. Carpanelli, M. Chatzipanagiotis and M. Pozza Compiled and Edited by C. Jorgenson ix

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPACE LAW 2012 IISL PLENARY EVENT Summary of Plenary 6 on International Initiatives for the Safe and Sustainable Use of Outer Space th IAA-IISL SCIENTIFIC LEGAL ROUNDTABLE Optical Communications Report of the Roundtable 681 M. Haese And to Consider Possible Procedures for Free-Space Optical-Links, Taking into Account the Results of ITU-R Studies, in Accordance with Resolution 955 (WRC-07) 684 Y. Henri Optical Communications in a Legal Vacuum? 688 M. Hofmann Optical Communications Applications and Regulatory Issues 693 B. Laurent JOINT IISL-IAF SESSION Legal Framework for Cooperative Space Endeavours Experience with Collaborative Space Projects 701 S. Di Pippo Use of Independence, Non-Dependence and Interdependence as Strategic Elements in Space Partnerships 712 M. Haese Legal Implications of Debris Removal: Clean Space One under Investigation 727 M. Force Practical and Legal Consequences of Spacecraft End of Life Disposal 745 D. Finkleman, D. Howard and C. Doldirina The Optional Rules of Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activities of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, a Real Option for the Solution of Conflicts in Space Matters? 756 C. Guzman Gomez x

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS The Current and Future Efforts for Reaching Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space: Is It the Time to Develop Legally Binding Rules Related to Space Debris? 761 A. van Oijhuizen Galhego Rosa Family Law and International Space Travel 776 S. Myres and C. Flynn UNITED NATIONS IISL-ECSL SPACE LAW SYMPOSIUM HELD ON THE OCCASION OF THE 51st SESSION OF THE LEGAL SUBCOMMITTEE OF UNCOPUOS VIENNA, AUSTRIA (March 2012) Transfer of Ownership of Space Objects: Issues of Responsibility, Liability and Registration 786 Program of the Symposium 786 Report of the Symposium 789 R. Moro Aguilar Legal Aspects of Transfer of Ownership and Transfer of Activities 794 A. Kerrest Transfer of Possession and Control under the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Space Assets 801 M. Stanford and D. Porras Towards Flags of Convenience in Space? 811 F. von der Dunk Regulatory Options for Dealing with the Transfer of Ownership 831 O. Bittencourt Neto 7th EILENE M. GALLOWAY SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL ISSUES IN SPACE LAW, WASHINGTON D.C., UNITED STATES (December 2012) Global and Regional Space Organisations and the Law Program of the Symposium 839 Report of the Symposium 841 P. Blount xi

8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPACE LAW 2012 ITSO, IMSO AND EUTELSAT: The History, the Legal Instruments and the Legal Challenges 845 P. Masambu 21st MANFRED LACHS SPACE LAW MOOT COURT COMPETITION, 2012 Report of the 21st Competition (Introduction, Case and Winning Memorials) 857 M. Mejía-Kaiser AUTHOR INDEX 905 xii