Because Strong AI is Dead, Test-Based AI Lives

Transcription

1 Because Strong AI is Dead, Test-Based AI Lives Selmer Bringsjord Dept of Cognitive Science Dept of Computer Science Rensselaer AI & Reasoning (RAIR) Lab Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Troy NY USA

2 The Rensselaer AI & Reasoning (RAIR) Lab

3 RAIR Lab Method

4 RAIR Lab Method Isolate and dissect human ingenuity.

5 RAIR Lab Method Isolate and dissect human ingenuity. Formalize weak correlate to this ingenuity in advanced logical systems.

6 RAIR Lab Method Isolate and dissect human ingenuity. Formalize weak correlate to this ingenuity in advanced logical systems. Implement correlate in working computer programs in accordance with functional/declarative programming paradigm.

7 RAIR Lab Method Isolate and dissect human ingenuity. Formalize weak correlate to this ingenuity in advanced logical systems. Implement correlate in working computer programs in accordance with functional/declarative programming paradigm. Augment correlate as needed with machine-specific power.

8 RAIR Lab Method Isolate and dissect human ingenuity. Formalize weak correlate to this ingenuity in advanced logical systems. Implement correlate in working computer programs in accordance with functional/declarative programming paradigm. Augment correlate as needed with machine-specific power. Empower human by handing over system.

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10 Computational Artifacts

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12

13 Enhancing/Leveraging...

14 Strong AI

15 The ultimate goal of AI, which we are very far from achieving, is to build a person, or, more humbly, an animal. Charniak & McDermott 1985

16 Cognitive Carpentry: A Blueprint for How to Build a Person by John Pollock 1995 The ultimate goal of AI, which, courtesy of Oscar, we are very close to achieving, is to build a person. John River Street Café, 2004

17 We are well on the way toward completing Newell s Program... John Anderson BBS 2003

18 Really?

19 x is a person iff x has the capacity...

20 x is a person iff x has the capacity...

21 x is a person iff x has the capacity...

22 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously;

23 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on;

24 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself;

25 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; to communicate through a language;

26 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on);

27 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on); to desire not only particular objects and events, but also changes in his or her character;

28 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on); to desire not only particular objects and events, but also changes in his or her character; to reason (for example, in the infinitary fashion needed to produce theorems about, say, infinite-time computing machines).

29 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on); to desire not only particular objects and events, but also changes in his or her character; to reason (for example, in the infinitary fashion needed to produce theorems about, say, infinite-time computing machines).

30 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; unsearchably difficult; ignore p-consciousness for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on); to desire not only particular objects and events, but also changes in his or her character; to reason (for example, in the infinitary fashion needed to produce theorems about, say, infinite-time computing machines).

31 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; unsearchably difficult; ignore p-consciousness for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on); to desire not only particular objects and events, but also changes in his or her character; to reason (for example, in the infinitary fashion needed to produce theorems about, say, infinite-time computing machines).

32 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; unsearchably difficult; ignore p-consciousness for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; machines still whipped by sharp toddlers to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on); to desire not only particular objects and events, but also changes in his or her character; to reason (for example, in the infinitary fashion needed to produce theorems about, say, infinite-time computing machines).

33 The Mirage of Mechanical Mind (forthcoming)

34 The Mirage of Mechanical Mind (forthcoming)

35 The Mirage of Mechanical Mind (forthcoming)

36 The Mirage of Mechanical Mind (forthcoming) Deep and Ancient Roots of the Myth The Argument from Creativity The Argument from Free Will The Zombie Argument Against SAI The Chinese Room Remodeled The Argument from Infinitary Reasoning The Modalized Gödelian Argument...

37 So AI Sci will always be mired in three anemic, wheel-spinning options...

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39 trick

40 trick pray

41 trick pray relax smart & test

42 The Trick Approach

43 The Trick Approach

44 The Trick Approach

45 The Trick Approach

46 The Trick Approach

47 The Trick Approach

48 The Trick Approach

49 The Trick Approach

50 The Avowed Trick Approach

51 The Avowed Trick Approach

52 Brutus.1 The Avowed Trick Approach

53 The Avowed Trick Approach Brutus.1 Bringsjord & Ferrucci

54 The Avowed Trick Approach Brutus.1 Bringsjord & Ferrucci

55 Bringsjord & Ferrucci The Avowed Trick Approach

56 The Avowed Trick Approach

57 The Avowed Trick Approach

58 The Avowed Trick Approach E.

59 The Avowed Trick Approach E. Bringsjord, McEvoy, Destefano

60 Golems: The Pray Approach

61 Golems: The Pray Approach

62 Golems: The Pray Approach

63 Golems: The Pray Approach

64 Golems: The Pray Approach

65 Golems: The Pray Approach

66 Golems: The Pray Approach

67 Golems: The Pray Approach

68 Golems: The Pray Approach

69 Golems: The Pray Approach

70 Golems: The Pray Approach

71 Golems: The Pray Approach

72 Golems: The Pray Approach

73 Golems: The Pray Approach

74 Golems: The Pray Approach

75 Golems: The Pray Approach

76 Golems: The Pray Approach

77 The Pray Approach has other distinguished fans:

78 The Pray Approach has other distinguished fans: Instead of trying to produce a programme to simulate the adult mind, why not rather try to produce one which simulates the child's? If this were then subjected to an appropriate course of education one would obtain the adult brain. Presumably the child-brain is something like a note-book as one buys it from the stationers. Rather little mechanism, and lots of blank sheets. (Mechanism and writing are from our point of view almost synonymous.) Our hope is that there is so little mechanism in the child-brain that something like it can be easily programmed. The amount of work in the education we can assume, as a first approximation, to be much the same as for the human child. Turing 1950

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80 The Relax Smart & Test Approach

81 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; unsearchably difficult; ignore the C word for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; machines still whipped by sharp toddlers to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on); to desire not only particular objects and events, but also changes in his or her character; to reason (for example, in the infinitary fashion needed to produce theorems about, say, infinite-time computing machines).

82 x is a person iff x has the capacity... to will, to make choices and decisions, set plans and projects autonomously; for consciousness, for experiencing pain and sorrow and happiness, and a thousand other emotions love, passion, gratitude, and so on; unsearchably difficult; ignore the C word for self-consciousness, for being aware of his/her states of mind, inclinations, preferences, etc., and for grasping the concept of him/ herself; machines still whipped by sharp toddlers to communicate through a language; to know things and believe things, and to believe things about what others believe (and so on); to desire not only particular objects and events, but also changes in his or her character; to reason (for example, in the infinitary fashion needed to produce theorems about, say, infinite-time computing machines).

83 operationalize the relaxation: test

84 Formal Definition of PAI Psychometric AI is the field devoted to building information-processing entities capable of at least solid performance on all established, validated tests of intelligence and mental ability, a class of tests that includes IQ tests, tests of reasoning, of creativity, mechanical ability, and so on. Bringsjord & Schimanski

85 So, what are the tests?...

86 Not talking about easy tests...

87 E.g., not RTE!

88 PERI Pscyhometric Experimental Robotic Intelligence Scorbot-ER IX Sony B&W XC55 Video Camera Cognex MVS-8100M Frame Grabber Dragon Naturally Speaking Software NL (Carmel & RealPro?) BH8-260 BarrettHand Dexterous 3-Finger Grasper System

89 The Free Will Test (defun peris-choice () (cond ((> (random 10) 5) (hold-earth)) ((drop-earth))))? (peris-choice) "I will drop earth"? (peris-choice) "I will hold onto earth"? (peris-choice) "I will hold onto earth" vid1 vid2

90 The IQ Test...

91 Can you solve this puzzle? S/S

92 Could you solve it in under one second? S/S

93 Video of PERI in Action

94 Wise Man Puzzle...

95 Wise Men Puzzle???

96 Wise Men Puzzle??? Wise man A Wise man B Wise man C

97 Wise Men Puzzle I don t know??? Wise man A Wise man B Wise man C

98 Wise Men Puzzle I don t know I don t know??? Wise man A Wise man B Wise man C

99 Wise Men Puzzle I don t know I don t know??? I DO know Wise man A Wise man B Wise man C

100 Wise Men Puzzle I don t know I don t know??? I DO know Wise man A Wise man B Wise man C

101 Wise Men Puzzle I don t know I don t know??? I DO know Wise man A Wise man B Wise man C

102 Start of Reasoning in WMP3

103 Start of Reasoning in WMP3

104 All our humanauthored proofs machinechecked. Proved-Sound Algorithm for Generating Proof-Theoretic Solution to WMPn

105 Floridi s Harder Variants...

106 Unmasking Artificial agents Zombies Persons

107 Bootstrapping...

108 Bootstrapping...