Microwave Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line and its Applications

Transcription

1 Microwave Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line and its Applications

2 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 2

3 Microwave left-handed materials historical milestone 1967, the concept of LHMs was first theorized by Veselago (Russian physicist) k : w ave vector S : P o yntin g vecto r Output 2000, experimental verification of LHMs by Smith s group (UCSD) [resonant structures] k S k S 2002, 2003, Itoh s (UCLA) and Eleftheriades groups (University of Toronto) [transmission line approach] k Input S 3

4 Negative refraction index IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. pp , Jun

5 Invisible cloak D. Schurig,1 J. J. Mock,1 B. J. Justice,1 S. A. Cummer,1 J. B. Pendry,2 A. F. Starr,3 D. R. Smith1, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Sciencespress Oct

6 Circuit model of CRLH TL right-handed handed TL left-handed TL composite right/left-handed handed TL A. Lai, C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, Composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials, IEEE Micow. Mag., vol. 5, Sep

7 Circuit model of CRLH TL propagation characteristics 2 s j R jl G jc Z Y 1 L R C R L RCR 2 L LCL L L C L if 1 min LRC L C if 1 man L RC L C 7

8 Circuit model of CRLH TL general case balanced case 1 L RCR L C 8

9 Circuit model of CRLH TL characteristic impedance Z 0 R jl G jc in balanced case 1 L RCR L C Z 2 L C 1 L LR 0 Z L or 2 LLC 1 C CR Impedances of right-handed handed and left-handed transmission line can be synthesized separately. Compared with the resonant-type type metamaterial,, transmission- type CRLH TL can give a wider operating bandwidth. 9

10 Transmission-Type CRLH TL Microstrip with lumped elements coplanar waveguide (CPW) microstrip line 10

11 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 11

12 antenna CRLH TL for circuit applications 12

13 CRLH TL for circuit applications coupler and zeroth-order order resonator 13

14 CRLH TL for circuit applications dual-band components (branch-line coupler and bandpass filter) 14

15 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 15

16 Design Concept A power divider with 90and 180phase differences can be implemented by a Wilkinson power divider connected with two phase adjust TLs. 16

17 Design Concept The phase response of the CTLH can be arbitrarily synthesized. ( f ) ( f ) CRLH 1 1 MS1 1 diff ( f ) ( f ) CRLH 2 2 MS 2 2 diff Q N 2 LC Z (50 ) 0 L C ( f ) ( f ) ( f ) Pf Q f CRLH 1 1 RH 1 LH ( f ) ( f ) ( f ) Pf Q f CRLH 2 2 RH 2 LH f f P 1 CRLH1 2 CRLH f f 2 1 f f 2 f 2 f Q 1 2 CRLH1 1 2 CRLH 2 f 2 f

18 Design Procedures Design the Wilkinson power divider at f. Designate the frequency range, namely giving and f, and and then determined CRLH 1 and. Calculate P and Q. CRLH 2 Utilize P to obtain (the length of RH microstrip). Q N RH Use and to solve the e values of left- 2 LC Z (50 ) L C 0 handed inductor and capacitor. 0 f1 2 18

19 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 19

20 Design Spec. of QPS Design parameters: 80% design bandwidth f 0 = 2 GHz f 1 = 1.2 GHz,, and f 2 = 2.8 GHz Expected results: (in the frequency range of 1.2 GHz~2.8 GHz) return loss > 10 db Isolation > 10 db amplitude imbalance between outputs < 1 db 20

21 Quadrature Power Splitter circuit photography return loss and isolation return loss > 10 db (0.85 GHz~3.46 GHz) isolation > 10 db (0.9 GHz~3.3 GHz) 21

22 Quadrature Power Splitter amplitude imbalance phase difference amplitude imbalance < 0.9 db (1.1 GHz~3.5 GHz) 90 5phase difference (1.1 GHz~3.5 GHz, 104% bandwidth) 22

23 Quadrature Power Splitter Performance summary of the published QPSs C.-H. Tseng and C.-L. Chang, A broadband quadrature power splitter using metamaterial transmission line, IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 18, no. 1, pp , Jan

24 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 24

25 Design Spec. of Wilkinson balun Design parameters: 60% design bandwidth f 0 = 2 GHz f 1 = 1.4 GHz,, and f 2 = 2.6 GHz Expected results: (in the frequency range of 1.4 GHz~2.6 GHz) return loss > 10 db Isolation > 10 db amplitude imbalance between outputs < 1 db 25

26 Wilkinson balun circuit photography return loss and isolation return loss > 10 db (1 GHz~3.6 GHz) isolation > 10 db (1 GHz~3.2 GHz) 26

27 Wilkinson balun amplitude imbalance phase difference amplitude imbalance < 0.7 db (1.24 GHz~3.85 GHz) phase difference (1.24 GHz~3.58 GHz, 97% bandwidth) 27

28 Quadrature Power Splitter Performance summary of the published CRLH balun C.-H. Tseng and C.-L. Chang, Wide-band balun using composite right- /left-handed transmission line, Electronics Lett., vol. 43, no. 21, pp , Oct

29 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 29

30 CP patch antenna dual-fed circularly polarized patch antenna conventional structure improved structure 30

31 CP patch antenna antenna photography measured return loss return loss > 10 db (1.22 GHz~2.47GHz, 67.8%) 31

32 CP patch antenna measured axial ratio Performance summary of the published CP antenna axial ratio < 3 db (1.76 GHz~2 GHz, 12.8%) 32

33 CP patch antenna measured antenna patterns fed by QPS and BLC fed by QPS fed by BLC C.-H. Tseng and C.-L. Chang, A circularly-polarized microstrip antenna fed by composite right/left-handed quadrature power splitter, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., submitted for publication. 33

34 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 34

35 Balanced Amplifier transmission reflection 1 j VA 1 V1, VB 1 V1 2 2 j 1 j 1 V V V G V G V j V 1 ( G A G B ) 2 V j ( ) 2 A2 B2 A A1 B B1 2 S21 GA G B V1 2 1 j j j V V V V V V1 ( A B ) 2 V 1 S11 ( A B ) V 2 1 A1 B1 A A1 B B

36 Balanced Amplifier broadband balanced amplifier using quadrature power splitters circuit parameters: FET biased at V ds =2 V, I ds =20 ma expected results: low input and output return loss in a wide frequency band flatter gain response low noise figure in a wide frequency band 36

37 Balanced Amplifier circuit photography measured return loss return loss > 10 db (1.2 GHz~3.5 GHz, 97.9 %) 37

38 Balanced Amplifier measured gain measured noise figure noise figure < 3 db (0.8 GHz~3.7 GHz) 38

39 Balanced Amplifier Performance summary of the published balanced amplifier C.-H. Tseng and C.-L. Chang, Improvement of return loss bandwidth of balanced amplifier using metamaterial-based quadrature power splitters, IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., to be published in Apr

40 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 40

41 Push-Pull Pull Amplifier Circuit configuration of push-pull pull amplifier drain currents i i sin cos d1 d peak t nt n2,4, n i i sin cos d 2 d peak t nt n2,4, n 1 41

42 Push-Pull Pull Amplifier push-pull pull amplifier using Wilkinson baluns circuit parameters: Fundamental frequency: 1.5 GHz 2nd harmonic frequency: 3 GHz expected results: Good 2nd harmonic suppression 42

43 Push-Pull Pull Amplifier circuit photography measured S-parametersS 43

44 Push-Pull Pull Amplifier measured PAE measured 2nd harmonic suppression 44

45 Outlines Introduction of composite right/left-handed handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) Microwave passive components using CRLH TLs Design concept Quadrature power splitter (QPS) Wikinson balun Circularly polarized patch antenna Microwave active circuits using CRLH TLs Balanced amplifier Push-pull amplifier Image reject mixer Conclusion and future work 45

46 Image Reject Mixer circuit configuration of image reject mixer image reject mixer using CRLH QPS and IF hybrid 46

47 Image Reject Mixer CRLH IF hybrid measured S-parametersS return loss > 10 db (89 MHz~119 MHz) 47

48 Image Reject Mixer photography of CRLH IF hybrid 48

49 Image Reject Mixer design parameters: RF frequency range: 1~3 GHz (100% bandwidth) CRLH IF hybrid operated at 100 MHz RF input power level: -10 dbm LO input power leverl: : 12 dbm expected results: broadband RF return loss and broadband RF-LO and LO-RF isolation image rejection ratio (IRR) > 20 db 49

50 Image Reject Mixer photography of IRM with CRLH QPS and IF hybrid C.-H. Tseng and C.-L. Chang, An image reject mixer with composite right/left-handed quadrature power splitter and IF hybrid, IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., submitted for publication. 50

51 Image Reject Mixer conversion loss RF return loss and isolation return loss > 10 db isolation > 20 db (1.1 GHz~3.5 GHz) 51

52 Image Reject Mixer IF return loss and isolation image rejection ratio LSB IRR > 20 db (1.45 GHz~2.45 GHz, 51%) USB IRR >18 db (1.8 GHz~3.05 GHz) 52

53 Conclusions Using CRLH TLs to implement QPS and Wilkinson balun is an effective approach to improve the phase difference bandwidth. The developed CRLH QPS and Wilkinson balun are demonstrated to realize the circularly polarized patch antenna, balanced amplifier, push-pull pull amplifier, and image reject mixer. As the advanced manufacturing processes are applied to design the components as illustrated in this talk, it is potential to improve the performances of the bandwidth and amplitude imbalance. 53

54 Future Work In the following, my research group plans to develop CRLH passive and active components using CMOS IC manufacturing process. Using the CRLH TL approach has potential for realizing RF CMOS ICs with novel properties. Based on the rich experiences of developing microwave image systems and realizing metamaterial circuits, in the following, my research group plans to develop a three-dimensional measurement system to demonstrate the three-dimensional invisibility cloak. 54

55 Thanks for your attention! 55