ST 033 PIRANHA TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING MANUAL MULTIFUNCTIONAL COUNTERSURVEILLANCE INSTRUMENTS

Transcription

1 ST 033 PIRANHA MULTIFUNCTIONAL COUNTERSURVEILLANCE INSTRUMENTS TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING MANUAL

2 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INSTRUMENT INTENDED USE AND PRINCIPAL CAPABILITIES COMPOSITION OF ST DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS THE PRINCIPAL CONTROL, PROCESSING AND INDICATION UNIT RADIO FREQUENCY ANTENNA ADAPTER FOR CONDUCTIVE WIRE LINES SCANNING ANALYZER CONDUCTIVE WIRE LINES DIFFERENTIAL ADAPTER MAGNETIC SENSOR INFRARED SENSOR DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST CONTROL DEVICE PECULIARITIES OF THE PACKAGING CONTROLS AND INDICATORS DISPLAY SCREEN BACKLIGHTING CONTROL PROCEDURE POWER SUPPLY FOR THE INSTRUMENT SOME LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS MODES OF THE INSTRUMENT S OPERATION RADIO FREQUENCY DETECTOR-FREQUENCY METER MODE CONDUCTIVE WIRE LINES SCANNING ANALYZER MODE INFRARED RADIATION DETECTOR MODE LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS DETECTOR MODE ADDITIONAL CAPABILITIES OSCILLOSCOPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER NONVOLATILE MEMORY APPLICATION OF IBM-COMPATIBLE COMPUTER (FOR ST033P ONLY) WORKING WITH THE ST PRE-STARTING PROCEDURE FOR THE INSTRUMENT RADIO FREQUENCY DETECTOR-FREQUENCY METER MODE CONDUCTIVE WIRE LINES SCANNING ANALYZER MODE INFRARED RADIATION DETECTOR MODE LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS DETECTOR MODE USE OF NONVOLATILE MEMORY WORKING WITH IBM PC-COMPATIBLE COMPUTER MINIMAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS TO IBM PC INSTALLATION OF THE SOFTWARE CONNECTING THE ST033 TO THE COMPUTER DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOLBOX CONTROL PANEL DESCRIPTION OF THE USER INTERFACE PRINCIPAL TECHNICAL DATA AND CHARACTERISTICS CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE WARRANTY POLICY COUPON No

3 3 INTRODUCTION The ST033 PIRANHA are multifunctional instruments intended for revealing and localization of special technical means used for secret data acquisition, as well as for solving of a number of other tasks associated with securing of information and monitoring of quality of the information security. The design of the instrument, its complete set, characteristics and capabilities, along with general radio monitoring, physical search and visual inspections, allow the implementation of almost complete methodology of revelation of special technical means. 1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INSTRUMENT 1.1. INTENDED USE AND PRINCIPAL CAPABILITIES The ST033 multifunctional countersurveillance instrument is intended for implementation of arrangements for detection and localization of special technical means (STM) used for secret acquisition of information, for revealing of natural and artificially created channels for leakage of information as well as for monitoring of information protection quality. The ST033 instrument retains the operating availability and compliance of the parameters with the norms of technical specifications, under the power supply voltage of not lower than 4.8 V, and ambient temperature from -15 to +35 o C and the ambient air humidity not exceeding 95 %. Operation of the instrument under the temperatures lower than -5 o C reduces the speed of data output onto the screen of the display. With the help of the ST033 instrument, one can find solution to the following monitoring-andsearch tasks: 1. Detection and localization of radio-emitting STM. These means primarily include the following: radio microphones; telephone retransmitters; radio stethoscopes; concealed video cameras equipped with a radio channel for transmission of information; technical means of the systems for spatial radio frequency irradiation within a radio band; technical means for transmission of a picture from PC monitor via a radio channel; radio-range beacons of the systems used for moving objects monitoring (e.g. people, transportation means, goods etc.); unauthorized operating radio stations, radiophones, and telephones with radio-extension; technical means for data processing, whose operation is accompanied by generation of side electromagnetic radiation (components in a PC, fax machines, photocopying machines, some types of telephones etc.). 2. Detection and localization of STM means operating with emission of radiation within infrared band. These means primarily include the following: STM means capable of transmitting in an infrared frequency band; technical means of the systems of spatial irradiation within infrared band. 3. Detection and localization of STM means which use conducive lines of various intended application, for transmission of information. These means may include:

4 4 STM means which use alternating current electric lines of the power supply network, for transmitting of the intercepted information. STM means which use subscriber s telephone lines, the lines of fire alarm systems and security alarm systems, for transmitting of the intercepted information. 4. Detection and localization of the sources of electromagnetic fields with predominance (presence) of magnetic component of the field, as well as analysis of technical means capable of converting speech information. The number of such sources and technical means typically include the following: dynamic irradiators of acoustic systems (dynamic speakers); output transformers in audio amplifiers; electric motors in tape recorders and dictaphones COMPOSITION OF ST033 The complete set of the instrument includes the following components: 1. The main control processing and indication unit. External transducers: 2. Radio frequency antenna. 3. Adapter for conductive wire lines scanning analyzer. 4. Magnetic sensor. 5. Infrared sensor. 6. Telescopic antenna. 7. Needle type extensions (2 pieces) type extensions (2 pieces). 9. Alligator clip type extensions (2 pieces). 10. Headphones. 11. СD disk with the software. 12. Cable for connecting to IBM PC and scanning receiver. 13. Cable for recording of audio information *. 14. Shoulder belt for the main unit, with a pocket for sensors. 15. Main unit support. 16. Power supply unit. 17. AA type batteries (4 pieces). 18. Technical Description and Operating Manual DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS A brief description of the principal components of the instrument is given hereunder. Instructions on the use of these components when operating the instrument are included in the section entitled Working with the ST THE PRINCIPAL CONTROL, PROCESSING AND INDICATION UNIT The main component of the complete set of the ST033 instrument has been designed and constructed to form a compact, portable monoblock. The following elements are located on the upper surface of the instrument: - graphical display; - 16-button control panel; - power switch ( OFF POWER ON ); - line output socket ( LINE ); - socket for connecting headphones ( PHONE ). On the front surface of the principal control unit, the following three sockets are located: - RF ANT socket is used for connecting the telescopic antenna (via its adapter) or radio frequency antenna; - the socket named PROBES is used for connecting all the other transducers; - the socket named OSC 2 is intended to provide the operation of the built-in oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer in two-channel mode of operation, as well as for implementation of the instrument s capability to operate like an ordinary low frequency oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer. On the bottom surface of the principal control unit, the following elements

5 are located: - built-in loudspeaker; - battery compartment lid (serial number of this complete set of the instrument is inscribed on the internal surface of the battery compartment lid). On the back surface of the principal control unit, the following elements are located: - socket for connecting the power supply unit; - socket for connecting the scanning receiver or an IBM PC - compatible computer; - threaded hole for connecting the support for the principal unit. On the side walls, in their upper part, threaded holes are located, for connecting the shoulder belt RADIO FREQUENCY ANTENNA This high sensitivity antenna is intended to operate in radio frequency detector-frequency meter mode. The antenna is connected to RF ANT socket. CAUTION! This antenna contains UHF-amplifier which can be destroyed by a discharge of static electricity. In case where any possibility of static electricity exists, it would be necessary to touch the principal control unit with your hand, prior to handling the antenna ADAPTER FOR CONDUCTIVE WIRE LINES SCANNING ANALYZER This is a transformer type voltage converter with a switchable transformation ratio. On the front panel of the adapter, indicators are located for the line voltage indication, along with attenuator switch. The adapter is connected to the PROBES connector. CAUTION! In order to avoid physical injuries, strictly follow electrical safety rules and precautions when operating the adapter Detection mode MICROWAVE RADIATION 5 GHz In this mode, you can receive radio signals in the frequency range MAGNETIC SENSOR The magnetic sensor consists of magnetic antenna and preamplifier. The switch located on the handle of the sensor, provides two modes of operation: particularly of the magnetic sensor and a gradient meter (with differential connection of the magnetic antenna). The sensor is connected to the PROBES connector via the connecting cable INFRARED SENSOR The sensor includes an infrared radiation receiver and preamplifier. It is connected to the PROBES connector via the connecting cable. The use of TD allows you to assess operating availability of the following modes of operation of the ST033 unit: - radio frequency detector-frequency meter; - conductive wire lines analyzer (CLA); - low frequency magnetic fields detector;

6 6 - infrared radiation detector. The TD includes a set of simulators integrated in one housing and provided with an independent power supply. The following simulators are used for assessment of operating availability: - simulator used with the radio frequency detector-frequency meter forms a miniature radio transmitter with quartz stabilization of frequency; - simulator used with the conductive wire lines analyzer forms a signal generator with a preset output frequency; - simulator used with the low frequency magnetic fields detector forms a source of stabilized magnetic field; - simulator used with the infrared radiation detector, forms an IR-band transmitter with a preset value of the subcarrier frequency. The TD facility allows to carry out an assessment of the sensitivity of the tested channel, precision of associated measurements (frequency meter, synthesizer of the conductive wire lines analyzer), operating availability of the sensors, oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, and display of the results of measurements PECULIARITIES OF THE PACKAGING The instrument is made as a portable version of equipment. A special carrying bag is used for its transportation and storage. For convenience of transportation the bag is equipped with a shoulder belt. Tempering of possible effect from external shocks and pressing forces is provided by the reinforcing metallic inserts placed within the side walls of the bag. In addition to the internal compartment of the bag, there are three pockets at the exterior sides, closed with zippers and intended for storing of components of the product, documentation and other necessary accessories. The internal compartment is equipped with dedicated cavities and holders for secure, compact and easy placement of the components. The cable for connecting to the scanner receiver, cable for connecting to IBM PC, cable for audio information recording, and the floppy disk with the software are located in the front pocket of the packaging bag.

7 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS The instrument is switched on by placing the POWER switch in the ON position. Functions of the buttons on the control pad retain the same for all modes of operation: MUTE is used for switching on (and off ) the audio monitoring loudspeaker; + and - provide volume control for the audio monitoring; HELP allows to have a context help when operating in any mode. Selection of Russian or English language is possible; OSC switches on oscilloscopic display of the signal in the current mode of operation; SA switches on spectral display of the signal in the current mode of operation; SAVE enables to perform storage of the displayed information in the nonvolatile memory; LOAD allows to display the information previously stored in the nonvolatile memory; RUN / STOP initiates start (stop) of the current dynamic measurements of the monitored signal s parameters; SET allows to select between various options of performing analysis of the monitored signal; ENTER performs selection between the options of auditory monitoring, and input of the selected options of performing analysis of the monitored signal; use RESET button to restart the instrument. The other functions of the control buttons are dependent upon specificity of application of the instrument in particular modes of operation and described in Section 1.9. Display of the results is provided on an LCD display having resolution of 128 x 64 points, with an adjustable backlighting. The following symbols located in the upper section of the display are common for all modes of operation: Battery discharge indication. For details of the various types of indications, please refer to Section 1.7., Indication of ON (and OFF) for the audio monitoring mode. The control is performed with the help of MUTE button. When the measured value reaches the upper limit, or the lower limit of the preset values, a warning appears on the display in the form of RANGE OUT! message DISPLAY SCREEN BACKLIGHTING CONTROL PROCEDURE Depress HELP button. Use the + and - buttons to set the desired brightness of the display screen backlighting. When either of these buttons is depressed, the brightness scale appears in the right part of the screed. Switching the preset level of the backlighting ON and OFF is performed by depressing MUTE button in the HELP mode POWER SUPPLY FOR THE INSTRUMENT The ST033 power supply is provided by: - an independent DC power supply unit with output voltage of 6 V, for which purpose a set of four AA size batteries is used, otherwise, rechargeable batteries of the same type-dimension can be used;

8 8 unit. - power supply unit connected to the socket provided on the rear surface of the principal control The voltage of the power batteries of 6 volts is the nominal value, and its availability is shown by a fully-colored battery indication, displayed in all modes of instrument s operation in the upper line of the display. The lower limit for the power supply voltage is the value of 4.8 volts, which corresponds to a fully colorless and crossed battery indication " ". In such case the batteries shall be replaced, or the rechargeable batteries shall be recharged. It would be preferable to use Energizer type heavy-duty batteries for power supply of the instrument. These batteries provide continuous operation of the instrument during no less than 6 hours under the most difficult conditions (the screen backlighting is set to maximum brightness, and the built-in loudspeaker is used for auditory monitoring at maximum output level). With the screen backlighting switched OFF, and medium level auditory monitoring performed using the headphones, the batteries retain operable condition (discharge down to the level not lower than 4.8 volts) within no less than five days with continuous four-hour daily operation of the ST033 instrument SOME LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Transportation and storage of the complete set of ST033 instrument shall only be performed using the standard packaging bag. For a lengthy storage, closed premises with heating can be uses, with the ambient temperature +10 to +35 o C and humidity not exceeding 80 %. When transporting, care shall be taken to avoid shocks or pressing forces affecting the standard packaging After a considerably long period (more than 4 hours) of storage of the instrument under the ambient temperature lower than -5 o C, the instrument can only be switched ON under an expressed absence of any signs of moisture and only after the condensed moisture has dried off In case of lengthy breaks in the instrument s operation, the batteries shall be removed from the instrument In the course of works with the instrument, it shall be kept away from the precipitation of condensed moisture (rain, drizzle, snow). The LCD display and the infrared sensor shall not be subject to straight sunlight. The ST033 operates in the following modes: Radio frequency detector-frequency meter; Conductive wire lines scanning analyzer; SHF- detector Infrared radiation detector; Low frequency magnetic fields detector; 1.9. MODES OF THE INSTRUMENT S OPERATION Switching the ST033 into any of these modes of operation is made automatically by connecting the external accessories (antennas, adapter, sensors) to the RF-connector designated as RF ANT, or to the PROBES connector. At one time the instrument can only operate in any one of the above mentioned principal modes of operation. With connecting of one or another external accessory to the instrument, the appropriate mode of operation is initiated, and respective message is displayed on the LCD screen: RADIO-FREQUENCY CHANNEL Radio frequency detector-frequency meter mode; «SHF- DETECTOR» - expanding frequency range of RF detector/frequency meter WIRE LINES ANALYSIS Conductive wire lines scanning analyzer mode; INFRARED CHANNEL Infrared radiation detector mode; MAGNETIC CHANNEL Low frequency magnetic fields detector mode; In the absence of any connected external accessories (the connectors RF ANT and PROBES are not engaged), when the instrument power is switched ON, the radio frequency detector-frequency meter mode is initialized.

9 RADIO FREQUENCY DETECTOR-FREQUENCY METER MODE In this mode, the instrument ensures reception of radio signals within the band of 30 to 2500 MHz, envelope detection of signals and forms audio output for auditory monitoring and analysis in the form of alternate tone beeps (clicks), or in the form of phonograms for their listening with the help of the built-in loudspeaker, or the headphones. At any time, the most powerful radio signal of all existing signals is being received against the background formed by the natural interference environment. The level of this signal, comparatively to the preset detector s threshold, is displayed on the two-lines indicator having a 40-segment scale. The difference in application of the two scales is as follows: the upper scale (D) indicates the averaged amplitude of the envelope-detected signal, whereas the lower scale (A) indicates the peak values of the signal. Consequently, in the upper line, the signals with AM- and FM-modulation will be dominating, however, in the lower line the signals similar to pulse-type signals will be dominating (such as DECT, GSM). The presence of indication in both the lines would prompt that a mixed type of signal is received at the sensor s input (for instance, TV signal). In case of consistent reception of a signal having a fortiori known parameters, a message with signal identification appears under the digital scale indicating the signal level. Indication of detected signals in the following standards is provided: GSM (with the message GSM ), DECT (with the message DECT ). Depending on the conditions and the purpose of the monitoring-and-search operations it is possible to perform selection and setting the required (the most reasonable) threshold for the detector. Simultaneously, the measurements of the current frequency values of the received redio-signal is performed, along with determination of its most stable value of the frequency (for the signals having constant carrier frequency). Both the values are displayed on the screen. Changes in frequency value is displayed on the screen in the form of a horizontal line having dynamically changing length (there is a reverse proportional relationship between the length of the line and the frequency stability, i.e. the high unsteadiness of the radio signal frequency corresponds to the shorter length of the indicator line). With connecting of scanning receiver (AR5000, 8000, 8200 etc.) to the ST033, possibility is provided to set the frequency of the scanning receiver to have the value of frequency of the signal received by the ST033 (for ST033P only). Instrument control in radio frequency detector-frequency meter mode. Setting zero threshold After the instrument power has been switched on and the RADIO-FREQUENCY CHANNEL message has been displayed, then for a short time the AUTOTUNING LEVEL ZERO message appears in the upper line of the screen. This means that zero threshold has been set for the detector automatically. Consequently, automatic setting the detector s threshold to zero is made by depressing the button designated as. If necessary it is possible to set the detector s threshold manually by depressing the buttons or, referring for the guidance to the auxiliary scale reading min max, which scale appears each time you depress either of these buttons. Setting dynamic range for the indicator For this to be set, depress the button. Three options are provided: db, db, and db. When the instrument is switched on, the level indicator scale is displayed on the screen, showing the boundaries of the dynamic range db. Halting the dynamic measurements mode To halt the measurements, depress the RUN/STOP button. Subsequently, you should see a fixed result of the latest measurement of the signal s frequency, and the STOP message would appear in the upper right corner of the display. Depressing the RUN/STOP button repeatedly would restart dynamic measurements. Setting the audio monitoring mode To set this mode, depress the ENTER button. In case if you select TONE, the audio output will have the form of consecutive clicks audible via the built-in loudspeaker, or via the headphones. The higher the level of the signal, the more frequently the clicks are heard. If you select AUD, the output will be an audible signal produced by demodulation in the amplitude detector.

10 10 Setting the type of scanning receiver (for ST033P only) Possible options: AOR 8000, AOR 8200 (AOR 5000). Setting is performed in the following sequence: depress the SET button. There shall be the SELECT TYPE AOR message in the upper line of the display. By depressing the 2 button for several times, select the required type of the scanning receiver. Confirm the selection by depressing the ENTER button. When setting has been performed for AOR 8200, it also provides control for AOR Depressing the OSC button switches the instrument to oscilloscopic monitoring of the demodulated signal. Depressing the SA button switches the instrument to spectrum analysis of the demodulated signal CONDUCTIVE WIRE LINES SCANNING ANALYZER MODE In this mode, the instrument provides reception and display of parameters for the signals detected in conductive wire lines used for various purposes (electric supply mains, telephone networks, local area computer networks, fire alarm networks, security alarm networks etc.), whether these lines are de-energized, or energized, under (DC or AC) voltage, up to 600 V. Connecting the ST033 instrument to the analyzed line is performed via adapter for the conductive lines scanning analyzer using special connecting extensions. Reception of signals is performed by means of automatic or manual scanning within the frequency range of MHz. The frequency tuning increment is constant and makes 5 khz and 1 khz for automatic and manual scanning respectively. For adaptation of the instrument s adjustments to the conditions and purpose of the monitoringand-search operations, selection of direction of scanning and auto-scanning speed is provided, along with selection of the required boundaries for the range of tuning. Auto-scanning halt function is provided depending on the preset threshold, as well as the spectrogram subtraction mode. Classification of signals in the examined conductive lines is performed based on the analysis of automatically displayed panorama, which depicts the spectrum of component frequencies of the signal. Auditory monitoring of the received signal can be provided via the built-in loudspeaker, or via the headphones. For adaptation of the instrument s adjustments to the conditions and purpose of the monitoringand-search operations, selection of direction of scanning and auto-scanning speed is provided, along with selection of the required boundaries for the range of tuning. Auto-scanning halt function is provided depending on the preset threshold, as well as the panoramas subtraction (comparison) mode. With connecting a scanning receiver (AR5000, 8000, 8200) to the ST033, it is possible to set the receiving frequency of the scanning receiver to have the value of the frequency of the received signal (for ST033P only). Instrument control in conductive wire lines scanning analyzer mode Setting the lower and the upper frequency boundaries for scanning - depress the SET button; - depress the 4 button. In the left part of the line, a blinking _ cursor appears, indicating that the instrument is ready for input of the frequencies values; - perform in sequence, first, the input of the lower frequency, and then the upper frequency in the range, using the format of XX.XXX MHz. To complete the input of the value for each of the frequencies, confirm the input by depressing the ENTER button. Setting the middle band frequency for scanning and the band width - depress the SET button; - depress the 5 button. In the left part of the line, a blinking _ cursor appears, indicating that the instrument is ready for input of the frequencies values; - perform in sequence, first, the input of the middle band frequency, and then the band width, using the format of XX.XXX MHz. To complete the input of the value for each of the frequencies, confirm the input by depressing the ENTER button.

11 NOTE: In case of an error in typing the required value during the input of frequencies, resetting is performed by depressing the button. After depressing the ENTER button, the displayed values of the input frequencies may not be the same values as you have typed them, but there may be the closest values possible, taken from the file containing the fixed allowed frequencies in the range. If you depress the ENTER button at the request for input (the cursor is blinking), then the frequency value set earlier will be saved. Setting the type of demodulation To do this, depress the ENTER button. There is a choice of either AM or FM-demodulation. The type of demodulation which has been set is displayed in the upper line of the screen. Manual setting of fine tuning mode This setting is performed by depressing the RUN/STOP button. Consequently, the RUN message in the upper right corner of the display will be replaced by FINE message. The audio channel will be internally connected to the analyzer. This is confirmed by an audible signal from the built-in 11 loudspeaker or the headphones, and also by changing the symbol in the upper line of the screen to the new symbol. Scanning direction and speed control - depressing the button moves the marker under the horizontal axis of the spectrogram in the direction from the upper boundary to the lower boundary of the scanning range; - depressing the button moves the marker in the direction from the lower boundary to the upper boundary of the scanning range; - by depressing the and buttons repeatedly, the speed of motion of the markers in the respective direction will be increased. Setting the spectra subtraction mode This mode can only be set after complete output on the display of the diagram within the full length of the frequency (horizontal) axis. - depress the SET button; - with sequential depressing of the 2 button, the following messages would appear in the fourth line on the display: 2 > Difference ON D2-1, 2 > Difference ON D1-2, 2 > Difference OFF ; - with selecting of position ON D2-1 (by depressing the ENTER button), differentiation mode will be switched on, with the indication DIFF in the upper right corner, which means subtraction of the spectrum previously displayed before switching to this mode, including a spectrum read from the nonvolatile memory, from the newly-obtained spectrum; - with selecting of position ON D1-2, subtraction is performed, of the newly-obtained spectrum from the previously displayed before switching to this mode, including a spectrum read from the nonvolatile memory; - depress the SET button; - depressing the 2 and ENTER buttons, cancels the spectra subtraction mode. Selecting amplitude range Two ranges are provided, mv or mv. To select the range: - depress the SET button; - by depressing the 5 button, set the appropriate range indication in the sixth line, corresponding to either of the above amplitude ranges. The boundary of the amplitude range is shown to the left from the vertical axis of the spectrogram. The range mv has been preset as default. Setting the input signal attenuation To provide additional attenuation of the signal level at the input, a fixed attenuator is placed within the adapter. The leftmost position of the switch corresponds to the operation without additional attenuation of the signal, the rightmost position provides additional attenuation of the signal by the factor of six approximately in amplitude. Setting zero signal level threshold - depress the SET button;

12 12 - by depressing the 3 button, obtain the message 3 > # $ THRESHOLD level ; - depress the ENTER button, which provides returning of the panorama on the display; - by depressing the or button, set the required zero threshold for the signal level indication. On the screen under the horizontal axis of the panorama, the message appears: Level threshold = XX %, where XX % is the currently set value of the indication threshold (in per sent of the total amplitude range of the signal level meter). Setting the scanning halt threshold. - depress the SET button. Make sure that there is a message in the fifth line: 3 > SQUELCH level. If the message does not appear, depress the 3 button. Depress the ENTER button, which provides returning of the panorama on the display; - by depressing the or button, set the scanning halt threshold (a short horizontal dash in the right part of the display). Switching to oscilloscopic monitoring of the signal parameters is performed by depressing the OSC button. Switching to spectrum analysis of the signal parameters is performed by depressing the SA button INFRARED RADIATION DETECTOR MODE In this mode, the instrument provides reception of radiation generated by the sources capable of emitting in infrared range. Detection of signals is provided, with the output for auditory monitoring and analysis. Listening is provided by the built-in loudspeaker, as well as by the headphones. At any time, the most powerful signal of all signals existing in the working range is being received, against the background formed by the natural interference environment. The level of this signal, comparatively to the preset detector s threshold, is displayed on the indicator having a 21-segment scale. Depending on the conditions and the purpose of the monitoring-and-search operations it is possible to perform selection and setting the required (the most reasonable) threshold for the instrument. Instrument control in the infrared radiation detector mode Setting zero threshold This procedure is similar to the radio frequency detector-frequency meter mode (see Section ). Setting the audio monitoring mode This procedure is similar to the radio frequency detector-frequency meter mode. Switching to oscilloscopic monitoring of the signal is performed by depressing the OSC button. Switching to spectrum analysis of the signal parameters is performed by depressing the SA button LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS DETECTOR MODE In this mode of operation reception of the signals is ensured, the signals originated from the sources of low frequency electromagnetic fields with predominance of magnetic component of the field, within the range of 300 to 5000 Hz, and the signal s parameters display is provided. Classification of signals and their sources is performed based on the analysis of the displayed oscillogram, and listening with the help of the built-in loudspeaker or the headphones. For operation in a complex interference environment, differential connection of the magnetic antenna is provided. Instrument control in the low frequency magnetic fields detector mode Setting differential connection of the antenna It is performed with the help of a switch located on the handle of the magnetic antenna. Position "near the white spot corresponds to the mode switched ON. Position far from the white spot corresponds to the mode switched OFF, respectively. All other settings correspond to the oscilloscope mode. By depressing the SA button, the instrument is switched to analysis of the spectrum of the received signal.

13 13 2. ADDITIONAL CAPABILITIES 2.1. OSCILLOSCOPE The instrument provides the same general measurement functions, like amplitude, frequency, time parameters measurement for the analyzed signals, which functions are typical for commonly used oscilloscopes. The unit can operate in single-channel, or in two-channel mode. The standard mode is single-channel with the oscilloscope input connected to the output of the amplitude detector of the main channel of the instrument. Switching to this mode is performed automatically when the instrument is used in low frequency magnetic fields detector mode, in vibro-acoustic, acoustic, and conductive lines acoustic receiver mode; when the instrument operates in radio frequency detector-frequency meter mode, conductive lines scanning analyzer mode, and infrared radiation detector mode, it can be switched to oscilloscopic mode by depressing the OSC button. Two-channel mode of the oscilloscope is an auxiliary mode and can be used, for instance, for comparison of the signal received by the main channel of the instrument, against some external standard signal fed to the instrument via an auxiliary connector OSC 2. The single-channel oscilloscopic mode is also auxiliary mode (common low-frequency oscilloscope) when the examined signal is fed to the instrument via the auxiliary connector OSC 2. In the oscilloscope, the options are available based on the software capabilities, for selection of the vertical sweep parameters and control of displacement of the beam along the vertical axis, selection of boundaries for horizontal sweep, selection of digitizing methods applied for signals and synchronization options, as well as implementation of cursor measurements procedure. This makes for buildup of oscillograms and assessment of signals parameters under various conditions of carrying out the monitoring-and-search works. Instrument control in oscilloscope mode Selecting the horizontal sweep boundaries This can be done using the and buttons. Consequently, in the lower line of the display screen, values will be shown, the values set for the sweep boundaries. At the right, the sweep duration for the whole screen is indicated, whereas at the left the sweep time per a single point (the total number of points is 128). Horizontal sweep has 7 ranges: 0.75 ms; 3.00 ms; 6.00 ms; 12.0 ms; 30.0 ms; 90.0 ms; ms; 480 ms. With the 0.75 ms range, the displayed information reflects the results of linear interpolation based on 32 readings. This is confirmed by the I sign which appears in the rightmost position in the second line on the display. Selecting the vertical sweep boundaries This selection can be done with the help of 5 and 6 buttons. Consequently, the message AUTO appears in the upper right corner, which indicates that the value for the vertical sweep boundary is initially set automatically, depending on the level of signal. The selected value for the vertical sweep boundary is indicated in the upper left corner of the display. The vertical sweep has the following boundaries: - in the units of millivolts (mv) 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560; - in the units of decibels (db) 15.4, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 76, 82, 88. The levels in db are calculated in relation to 0.1 mv. For the infrared, acoustic, conductive wires acoustic, vibro-acoustic and magnetic channels, the amplitude dynamic range for the measurements corresponds to the value of 75 db and is related to the signal fed to "PROBES" connector. For the radio frequency channel and for conductive wire lines' analyzer, the amplitude dynamic range for the measurements corresponds to the value of 35 db and is related to the signal at the output of the respective detector. The automatic sweep mode is retraced by depressing the RESET button. Selecting the signal digitizing method This can be done by depressing the SET button (recall the menu to appear on the display) and consequent depressing the 3 button until one of the required messages appear in the third line:

14 14 3 >SAMPLE measure ; 3 > PEAK DETECT measure ; 3 > AVERAGE measure. The SAMPLE option has been set as default. In this method, single extracts are made, in accordance with the time value set for the sweep. The PEAK DETECT option corresponds to the so called peak detection based on several measurements performed at one time. With this measurement, in each point of time sweep on the oscillogram the maximum and the minimum measured value is depicted, and in the upper right corner of the display, the message PXXX shows the number of extracts performed per one time point. The effect from operation in this mode is increased with the increase of the time sweep range width, where the number of extracts per one time point is increased. This mode is useful when monitoring shot surges on relatively low-frequency signals. In the AVERAGE option, calculation of the average value is performed from a number of extracts for one time point, which result is displayed in the upper right corner of the display with a message of AXXX. This mode can be useful for analysis of noisy, relatively low-frequency signals. Selecting the synchronization options Selection of the required option for the synchronization system operation is performed by depressing the SET button and consequently by depressing the 4 button to obtain one of the following messages in the fourth line on the display: 4 > Trigger OFF ; 4 > Trigger ON in AUTO ; 4 > Trigger ON in STOP. With selection of the OFF option, the synchronization functions are not used. With selection of the ON in AUTO option, the oscillogram is dynamically displayed on the screen under the conditions set for synchronization. With the option ON in STOP selected, the oscillogram under the conditions selected for synchronization, freezes, and provides the readiness for accomplishment of cursor measurements (at that stage, the STOP message appears in the upper right corner of the display). To continue dynamic displaying of the oscillogram, the RUN/STOP button must be depressed. With the synchronization switched on with the help of the SET and 4 buttons, prior to execution of the set conditions of synchronization, the WAIT message will be displayed in the upper right corner of the screen. The required synchronization condition is set by depressing of the SET button (display of the menu on the screen) and consequential depressing of the 5 button, which results in scrolling through the following four messages: 5 > Trigger run > LEVEL ; 5 > Trigger run < LEVEL ; 5 > Trigger run RISE ; 5 > Trigger run FALL. The LEVEL option sets synchronization by level. In that case, a comparison is done of the instantaneous value of the signal level against the preset threshold. With selection of the 5 > Trigger run > LEVEL option, the synchronization is activated in case where the instantaneous value of the signal exceeds the preset level (which value is set with the help of the buttons 5 and 6 ) in case where after depressing of the SET button, the TRIGGER level function was selected in the second line of the menu, with the help of 2 button. Then, a short horizontal dash in the right edge of the oscillogram would indicate this level (synchronization by level). This dash would be displayed in two cases: when the synchronization by level has been switched on, and when the synchronization level adjustment ( 2 > TRIGGER level ) has been selected for the buttons and. With selection of the 5 > Trigger run < LEVEL option, the synchronization will be activated in case where the value of the signal is lower than the preset level. RISE sets synchronization by front. I. e. the condition of synchronization will depend on occurrence of positive differential of instantaneous amplitude of the signal for two consecutive measurements, for more than 5 % of the amplitude range of indication. FALL sets synchronization by decline. I. e. the condition of synchronization will depend on occurrence of negative differential of instantaneous amplitude of the signal for two consecutive measurements, for more than 5 % of the amplitude range of indication. Performing cursor measurements To perform cursor measurements you should depress the RUN/STOP button. Consequently, the oscillogram would freeze and the STOP message would appear in the upper right corner of the display. The similar effect is seen when the set synchronization conditions are met for the mode Trigger ON in STOP. A vertical marker is displayed then, which can be shifted along the horizontal axis with the and buttons. Measurements of time and amplitude value which corresponds to the current position of the marker are displayed in the middle of the lower line and upper line respectively. As applied

15 to the PEAK DETECT mode, an alternate indication is provided, for the maximum and minimum values of these parameters in the current time point. A possibility is provided to perform relative measurements of time intervals. To do this, the RESET button must be depressed (when the unit is in the cursor measurements mode). In the middle part of the second line of the display, the message 0.00 appears, whereas to the right, another message 0.00 khz appears. Now, with the motion of the marker, the readings in this line are changing, which mean the measured relative interval and respective frequency. By depressing the RESET button repeatedly, these readings are cleared. To cancel the cursor measurements mode, depress the RUN/STOP button. Switching to the two-channel mode This is performed by depressing the ENTER (CP 1 / 2 ). Consequently, two horizontal axes would appear on the screen, and the lower one will serve for displaying the signal fed from the auxiliary connector OSC 2. In the upper left corner of the screen (under indication of the value set for the vertical sweep boundary) the sign appears, which originally indicates that the control, indication and audio output of the signal are performed for the first channel only. By depressing the ENTER (CP 1 / 2 ) button repeatedly, this sign is shifted to the level of the second channel s oscillogram, which means transfer of the functions of control, visual display and audio output to this channel. Switching to the single-channel mode, working with signals fed from OSC 2 connector To switch to this mode, when setting the oscilloscope mode (e.g., after depressing OSC button), you should depress the OSC button repeatedly, within 2 seconds. Consequently, the message OSCILLOSCOPE ONLY CH2 appears on the screen for a shot time. In this optional mode, dynamic range of the measurements amounts to 35 db and is related to the signal fed to the OSC 2 connector. Additionally, it is possible to select one of the four levels of attenuation of the signal at the input, by means of depressing the SET button, and consequently by depressing the 9 button. In the seventh line of the display, the following four options appear: 9 > Level CH2 0 db, 9 > Level CH2 10dB, 9 > Level CH2 20dB, 9 > Level CH2 30dB. This expands the dynamic range to cover 65 db. The option 20dB, for instance, means that for calculation of the true value of the amplitude at the input ( OSC 2 connector), you should add 20dB to the displayed numeric value SPECTRUM ANALYZER This mode provides the same general functions of measurements for amplitude and frequency parameters of the examined signals, which are typical for commonly used spectrum analyzers. The algorithm of the instrument s operation is based on calculation of 256-point FFT with amplitude dynamic range of the result to cover 96 db. The unit can operate in either single-channel or twochannel mode. The standard mode is single-channel with the spectrum analyzer input connected to the output of the amplitude detector of the main channel of the instrument. The two-channel mode of the spectrum analyzer is optional, and can be used, for instance, like in the oscilloscope, for comparison of the spectrum of the signal received by the main channel of the instrument, against the spectrum of some external standard signal fed to the auxiliary input via connector OSC 2. The single-channel mode of the spectrum analyzer is also an auxiliary mode (a common lowfrequency spectrum analyzer mode) when the examined signal is fed to the auxiliary input via connector OSC 2. In the spectrum analyzer, the options are available based on the software capabilities, for selection of the vertical sweep parameters and the boundaries for horizontal sweep, types of spectral analysis, as well as implementation of cursor measurements procedure. This makes for optimal buildup of spectrograms and assessment of signals parameters. Instrument control in the spectrum analyzer mode Selecting the vertical sweep boundary This selection can be done with the help of and buttons. The boundary can be set to have the following values:

16 16 - in the units of millivolts (mv) 0.6 mv, 1.25 mv, 2.5 mv, 5 mv, 10 mv, 20 mv, 40 mv, 80 mv, 160 mv, 320 mv, 640 mv, 1280 mv, 2560 mv. The values 0.6 mv, 1.25 mv are only available for acoustic, conductive wires acoustic, vibro-acoustic and magnetic channels. - in the units of decibels (db) 15.4, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 76, 82, 88. The levels in db are calculated in relation to 0.1 mv. For the infrared, acoustic, vibro-acoustic and magnetic channels, the amplitude dynamic range for the measurements corresponds to the value of 75 db and is related to the signal fed to PROBES connector. For the radio frequency channel and for conductive wire lines analyzer, the amplitude dynamic range for the measurements corresponds to the value of 35 db and is related to the signal at the output of the respective detector. Cancellation of automatic sweep mode and return to manual control will be confirmed by absence of the AUTO message in the upper right corner of the screen. Selecting the horizontal sweep boundaries This can be done using the and buttons. Horizontal sweep has 7 ranges: 20.8 khz, 10.4 khz, 5.20 khz, 2.60 khz, 1.30 khz, khz, khz. The values set for the sweep boundaries are indicated in the lower line of the screen. At the right, the frequency range of the whole display is indicated, whereas at the left the frequency increment per one point is indicated (total number of points is 128). In the middle part of the lower line of the screen, the frequency of the peak harmonic in the spectrum is always indicated. Selecting the type of spectrum analysis This selection is done by depressing the SET button, and consequently by depressing the buttons 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in sequence, the required type of spectral analysis can be set. By depressing these buttons, the following actions are performed: Depressing the 2 button, results in switching to the procedure of Hemming window superimposition onto the array digitized by time. This is confirmed by the messages in the second line of the screen 2 > Window ON or 2 > Window OFF, respectively. Depressing of button 3-Line average ON/OFF, toggles on (off) the spectrum harmonics linear averaging function. This averaging should be applied in case of steady signals. In the upper right corner of the screen, the message Lxxx is displayed, where xxx is the reading of the averaged results counter. On expiry of 128 cycles, the averaging is stopped. To continue operation, the button RUN/STOP should be depressed. New acquisition can be initiated by the RESET button (this resets the cycles counter to zero). Depressing of button 4 Exp average ON (=) / ON (+) / ON (-) / OFF, toggles on (and off) the spectrum harmonics exponential averaging function. This averaging should be applied in case of time-dependent signals. There are three options available for exponential averaging: uniform (=), with rapid increase (+), with rapid decrease (-). The uniform averaging implies alteration of the amplitude of harmonic components with the same coefficient in the direction of increase and in the direction of decrease. In case of rapid increase averaging, the coefficient towards the direction of increase is 4 times higher than the coefficient towards the direction of decrease. This can be used for underlining occasional signals. In case of rapid decrease averaging, the coefficient towards the direction of decrease is 4 times higher than the coefficient towards the direction of increase. This can be used for underlining non-occasional signals. In the upper right corner of the screen, the message Exxx is displayed, where xxx is the reading of the averaged results counter. New acquisition can be initiated by the RESET button. In order to accelerate the procedure of exponential averaging, the linear averaging mode can additionally be switched on (Line average ON). In such case, linear averaging becomes active during the first ten cycles, and then exponential averaging is permanently performed during the rest of the cycles. In the upper right corner of the screen, the message Fxxx is displayed, where xxx is the reading of the averaged results counter. Depressing the button 5 Peak hold ON / OFF toggles on (and off) the spectrum peaks holding (accumulation) function. In the upper right corner of the screen, the indicatio in the form of Axxx is displayed, where xxx is the counter of accumulated spectra. New acquisition can be initiated by the RESET button. Depressing the button 6 Bending around ON / OFF, toggles on (and off) the spectrum envelope display function. Depressing the button 7 Run diff. average initiates the start of two averaged spectra subtraction mode. The procedure of measurements is as follows: - with a certain averaging mode, the acquisition is performed to store some number of cycles for the signal 1; - by depressing the SET button, the acquisition is stopped; - the signal 2 is applied, and the 7 button is depressed to perform the averaging for this signal. On expiry of the same number of cycles which was used for the previously performed first averaging, the acquisition will be stopped automatically, and the result of subtraction will be displayed,

17 however, the first averaged spectrum will be subtracted from the second, which will be confirmed by the message D2-1 in the upper right corner. If the ENTER button is depressed, the result will be displayed for subtraction of the second averaged spectrum from the first one, with the message D1-2 in the upper right corner. Subtraction of instantaneous results would be possible in case where all averaging modes have been switched off: 7 > Difference ON D2-1 / ON D1-2 / OFF toggles on (and off) the spectrum instantaneous harmonics subtraction function. With selection of the option ON D2-1, differentiation mode is turned on, with the indication of message DIFF in the upper right corner, which means subtraction of the results displayed on the screen prior to switching to this mode, including those retrieved from the nonvolatile memory (see hereunder), from the newly obtained results. Selection of the option ON D1-2, initiates subtraction of the newly obtained results from those displayed on the screen prior to switching to this mode, including those retrieved from the nonvolatile memory (see hereunder). Selecting the units of measurements This selection is done by depressing the button 8 > Unit ampl db / mv selection of the required units for numerical indication of amplitude (decibels or millivolts). In the two-channel mode of operation, another item appears in the menu: 9 > Level CH2 0 db / 10 db / 20 db / 30 db selection of the attenuation level for the input signal fed to the connector OSC 2. Dynamic range of signal measurements in this channel is 35 db. Additionally, it is possible to select one of the four levels of attenuation of the signal at the input, for the dynamic range of measurements to be expanded to cover 65 db. The message 20 db, for instance, means that for calculation of the true value of the amplitude at the input ( OSC 2 connector), you should add 20 db to the displayed numeric value. For calculations in case where numeric values are given in millivolts, use the following relations: 10 db > multiply by 3.16; 20 db > multiply by 10; 30 db > multiply by Performing cursor measurements Cursor measurements are available after depressing the RUN/STOP button. Consequently, if any of the averaging modes has been switched on, a letter appears under the STOP message, the letter indicating the corresponding mode of averaging: L, F, E, P. In this mode the and buttons control the displacement of vertical marker along the horizontal axis. The measured values of frequency and amplitude which corresponds to the current position of the marker are displayed in the lower line and the upper line. A possibility is provided to perform relative measurements of frequency intervals. To do this, the RESET button must be depressed. In the second line in the bottom of the display, the message Now, the motion of the marker to the right, results in changing of the readings in this line, which readings mean the measured relative frequency interval. By depressing the RESET button repeatedly, these readings are cleared. To cancel the cursor measurements mode, depress the RUN/STOP button. Switching to the two-channel mode of operation This is performed by depressing the ENTER (CP 1 / 2 ) button. Consequently, the second channel starts displaying the signal fed from the auxiliary connector OSC 2 and in the upper left corner of the screen, under indication of the value set for the vertical sweep boundary, the sign appears, which sign confirms that the control, indication and audio output of the signal are performed for the first channel. Depressing the ENTER (CP 1 / 2 ) button repeatedly toggles between the two channels. In the two-channel mode, the upper boundary of the frequency sweeps has the value of 10.4 khz. This suggests the fact, that digitization of the signals fed from the two channels is only performed synchronously (in-phase). A possibility exists in the single-channel mode, to input the signal from the OSC 2 connector only. To switch to this mode, when setting the spectrum analyzer mode (e.g., after depressing SA button), you should depress the SA button repeatedly, within 2 seconds. Consequently, the message SPECTRUM ANALYSIS ONLY CH2 appears on the screen for a shot time NONVOLATILE MEMORY The nonvolatile memory supplements the capabilities of the ST033 instrument with respect to signal analysis, higher operating availability and reliability of the results of the monitoring-and-search works. It provides, regardless of the condition of the power sources, saving and long-term storage of the following displayed data: - oscillogram or spectrogram of signals; - panorama of the conductive lines analyzer mode. The number of entries: not less than

18 18 APPLICATION OF IBM-COMPATIBLE COMPUTER For operation with an IBM PC, a specially developed software is used, which enables to perform the following operations: - continuous backup, of the information displayed on the ST033 instrument, on the screen of a PC; - creation of database containing the graphical and audio information acquired through the operation of the ST033 instrument; - examination of the created database regardless of the presence of the ST033 unit.

19 19 3. WORKING WITH THE ST PRE-STARTING PROCEDURE FOR THE INSTRUMENT The pre-starting procedure for the ST033 instrument especially prior to its first application, or after a lengthy break in operation, is reasonably to begin with an external examination. In the course of this examination it is necessary to ensure integrity of the packaging bag, and also to ensure that the delivered complete set of the instrument conforms with that indicated in the technical certificate for the instrument, and that all articles included in the delivery are free from visual mechanical damage. Open the battery compartment lid and insert the batteries of rechargeable batteries, taking care of the indicated polarity available on the bottom of the battery compartment. Close the battery compartment lid. Now, the instrument is ready to be switched on RADIO FREQUENCY DETECTOR-FREQUENCY METER MODE Prior to start working with the instrument switch off radio telephones and other radio transmitting devices. It is not allowed to operate the ST033 simultaneously with a nonlinear radar set. If the object of examination is an automobile, then it would be necessary to correctly select the location for performing the job, from the point of view of the electromagnetic background level minimization. For instance, no radiating communication means shall be located in proximity to the object, such as television and radio broadcasting means, neither shall large reflecting (re-emitting) surfaces be located nearby, like metallic enclosures, walls of the houses, garages, other automobiles. To create an acoustic background, and for activation of radio-microphones provided with soundcontrol, a testing source of sound shall be used. For such source, a tape recorder can be used for playing a well-known musical or speech phonogram. Selection of the loudness of this testing audio signal is dependent upon the dimensions of the premises, as well as upon the sensitivity of the microphone of the radio-emitting special technical means. Normally, these microphones provide stable reception of the sound having medium level of loudness at a distance of about 10 meters. Connect the telescopic antenna, using the antenna adapter, to the RF ANT connector. For more detailed search subsequently use the radio frequency antenna which is more sensitive. Set the detector s zero threshold. The threshold setting shall not be performed in the examined premise, as with the radio-emitting STM means already operating in this premise, the level of radio emission thus established will be determined as zero level. Adjustments to the instrument shall be performed in one of the closest premises to the one to be examined, where the background level does not deviate significantly from that existing in the examined room, however, placement of a radio-emitting STM means would not be reasonable. Use separately, or in combination, two principal methods of search and localization of the sources of perilous radio signals. These two methods are: Amplitude method and the method of Acoustic feedback. The Amplitude method is based on abrupt increase of the level of the received signal when the receiving antenna is approaching the location where the source is placed. The radius of the zone of revealing the source is dependent upon the power of the emitted signal, directivity of its antenna and the level of background electric fields in the location of the receiving antenna of the instrument. The received signal level should be monitored by the readings of the level indicators displayed on the screen of the instrument, and by the frequency of clicks of the audio signal in the TONE mode. The method of Acoustic feedback is based on creation of positive acoustic feedback between the microphone of the radio-emitting STM means and the built-in loudspeaker of the ST033 instrument (audio monitoring in the AUD mode). The effect of acoustic feedback only takes place with the radiomicrophones where conventional types of modulation are applied amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. Moreover, in case of frequency modulation, this effect is based on the presence of parasitic amplitude modulation in the frequency-modulated signal (in case of a high-grade manufacture of the radio-microphone, this effect would be almost negligible, resulting in an almost full absence of the effect). The sign of the presence of the acoustic feedback would be the audible signs of a specific howl whose tone and intensity would change with the instrument s built-in loudspeaker approaching the radio-emitting STM means.

20 20 The search is performed by a planned detour of the premise with a movement along the walls and inspection of the furniture and other subjects located in the premise. When detouring, the antenna shall be orientated in various planes, performing smooth slow turns of the principal unit and achieving the maximum level of the signal. The antenna of the instrument shall be reasonably kept at a distance of not exceeding 10 to 15 cm from the investigated surfaces and objects. With the use of the method of acoustic feedback, the built-in loudspeaker of the instrument shall be directed towards the direction of the examined surfaces and objects (the audio output power /loudness/ shall be set to the level of no less than 3/4 of the maximum value). When approaching the aerial of the ST033Р instrument towards the radio-microphone, depending on the type of signal, the number of colored sectors increases in one of the lines of the level indicator, and, starting from the fourth sector, (counting down from the zero mark), the frequency of clicks increases, for the audio signaling mode in the TONE mode. In case of finding a source with a frequency-modulated signal, the number of coloured sectors would increase in the upper indicator of the signal level. In case of finding a radio-microphone provided with digital modulation modes, the indication of the level increase would occur mainly on the lower indicator. In this case indication of the frequency of the received signal will be fortuitous. In case where telephones of the DECT standard, or GSM standard are used as a radiomicrophone, in addition to the indication of an increased level of the signal in the lower line, the indicator will additionally read DECT or GSM message. With sufficient approaching to the source, the instrument s frequency meter performs capture of the frequency, and indicates the value of the frequency in the lowest line of the screen, based on the results of several measurements. The reading like Freq = XXXX.XX with the changing values of the frequency will change to Capture = XXXX.XX with the fixed value of the frequency of the received radio signal. By means of reducing the loudness, changing of the dynamic range boundaries, manual increase of the threshold for the detector trigging, monitoring the frequency meter readings, the place of the radiomicrophone is localized. Additional capabilities, primarily in terms of radio emissions classifications, are given by periodical switching on the AUD mode, and also listening to the demodulated signal. In a similar way to the radio-microphones finding, the search of telephone re-transmitters is performed. In that case, it would be necessary to take off the telephone receiver in the first place. At the first stage, the telephones themselves shall be examined. Further, the search for the telephone retransmitters will be performed by detouring of the premise along the subscriber s telephone line. Particular attention should be given to the junction boxes and those locations where the line is laid in the form of a flush wiring. The search of radio-stethoscopes has particular peculiarities; defined by the ways of their implication (placement outside the monitored premise). Therefore, in order to reveal a signal from a radiostethoscope, it would be necessary to examine all the actually available external surfaces of the structures that enclose the premise. Once the heating pipelines, as well as the water supply pipelines could serve as the medium for spreading the vibro-acoustic oscillations, then these networks shall be subject to examination. Search of concealed video cameras equipped with a radio channel, used for transmitting of the image and sound, might encounter particular difficulties, which originate from the similarity of the video-transmitter signal and the signal of television broadcasting. For this reason, in the course of works with revealing of such a signal, the foremost question to solve is to define the signal as per the criteria like external internal. In order to perform the recognition, it would be necessary to close the windows with curtain shutters or with Venetian blind, with the internal lighting left ON. Perform turning ON and OFF the artificial lighting. With the AUD mode ON, distinct changes in the detected signal s tone shall be heard. In order to provide higher reliability of the recognition, switch ON the OSC mode, and make sure via the oscillogram, that the signal s structure is being changed when the lighting is switched ON and OFF. If the results of such examination are positive, then the signal can surely be attributed to the category of internal signals (those generated by the transmitter of the video camera). The methodology of search and localization of unauthorized radio-stations switched on for transmission; radio-telephones with radio-extensions, and radio beacons is completely similar to the methodology of search and localization of radio-microphones.

21 For a more detailed examination of the suspicious signal it would be reasonable to use the scanning receiver (only available with ST033P). To use this accessory, it should be connected to the receiver by means of the cable. The connector designated as AOR shall be connected to the scanning receiver. Select your type of the Scanning Receiver. Setting the Scanning Receiver s frequency to coincide with the received frequency of the instrument is performed by two ways: - automatically in case of capture of the frequency (message CAPTURE = XXXX.XX ); - when depressing the RUN/STOP button (with consideration of the Scanning Receiver s frequency range) CONDUCTIVE WIRE LINES SCANNING ANALYZER MODE The types of conductive lines mainly used for the analysis in this mode of operation are the electric power mains, as well as subscriber telephone lines and the lines of fire alarm and security alarm systems (in the frequency range of MHz). Preparation operations in the examined premise include the checks of conformity of the number and intended use of the actually existing conductive wire lines with those prepared earlier (and now submitted) wiring schematics. Preparation of the ST033 instrument itself includes actually selection of the most appropriate connecting extensions to be used with the probes, the extensions to fit the peculiarities of the existing conductive wire lines. Connect the network adapter to the PROBES connector, and its probes to the conductive wires of the line. Check the reliability of the contact with the line, by means of two LED s available on the adapter used with the conductive wire lines scanning analyzer. The following situations are possible: - The two LEDs are lit, it means a AC voltage is present; - Only one is lit, a DC voltage is present in the line; - none is lit, with absolutely reliable electric contact, it means either 3 volts is present in the line, or the line is de-energized. The LED s brightness is dependent upon the voltage in the line. Just on switching the instrument ON in this mode, automatic adjustment of the zero threshold for signal level indication takes place. This is confirmed by a short-term appearance of the message LEVEL THRESHOLD = XX %, where XX is the noise signal level in this particular line. Subsequently, for instance, in case of necessity to study the noise signal, or right the contrary, the signals having a very high level, this threshold can be set manually. On completion of scanning within the range of up to MHz (initial setting), change the upper boundary of the range to 15 MHz. Upon examination of the displayed panorama, identify the presence of frequency components that exceed the general background level. If necessary, divide the range into separate intervals and perform detailed scanning of each of them. Set the threshold for automatic halt of the scanning mode. It would make for the automatic halt of the scanning mode by the preset threshold. After the halt occurs at a certain frequency value for the signal, it would be possible to perform a precise tuning by means of the and buttons, with audio analysis of the signal, by means of turning the AM and FM detectors ON, in sequence. For analysis of weak signals, a more convenient amplitude range could be selected (0.1 1 mv). If necessary, it is possible to extend the capabilities of conductive lines signal analysis by means of switching the instrument to OSC and SA mode. For more detailed signal analysis it would be expedient to use the scanning receiver (for ST033P only). To do this, connect it to the instrument by means of cable. The connector designated as AOR shall be connected to the scanning receiver. Selection of type of the scanning receiver (SR) is made in the radio frequency detector-frequency meter mode (see Section 1.9.1). Setting the SR frequency to the frequency of the received signal in the instrument is performed by depressing the RUN/STOP button (with consideration of the frequency range of the SR). NOTE: It would be expedient to start verification of the presence of special technical means in the network with examining the wall outlets. The internal cavities of wall outlets are the most probable locations for the concealed devices to be placed in. In order to minimize the background, disconnect (with visual evidence of disconnection from the wall outlets) all electric appliances and electronic equipments located in the examined premise. 21

22 22 It would be necessary to connect the instrument to all the wall outlets in the premise, as far as the power supply to the premise (and respectively, the transmission of information from the premises) can be performed by the different electrical phases. If a signal has been detected, in which signal the signs of modulation by the acoustics of the premise are present, then for localization of its source, the method of acoustic feedback can be used (see section 3.2.). After checking the power mains and the lines used for the lighting fixtures electric power supply, the tee-joints, extension cords and other electric conducting items by means of their sequential connecting to the electric mains. In this case, it would be expedient to use the spectra subtraction mode. This would allow to see at once the previously absent signals. The examination of the conductive wire lines pertaining to fire and security alarms as well as the lines whose intention is unclear, is performed in a similar was as it is made for electric networks. When performing the examination of subscriber telephone lines, it would be necessary to also solve the problem of revealing the fact of use of this line for transmission of acoustic information from this premise by means of line high frequency intrusion. The sign indicating on the fact of line high frequency intrusion is the presence of a stable non-modulated probing signal at the frequencies of not lower than 150 khz. If this premise has been included into the schedule of regular periodical checks, it would be expedient to store the panorama (oscillogram, spectrogram) of the required frequency intervals in the nonvolatile memory INFRARED RADIATION DETECTOR MODE To perform examination works in this mode, a time shall be chosen, when there are no direct sunlight emerging from the windows of this premise. Connect the infrared sensor to the connecting cable, and the cable to the PROBES connector. Setting the detector s zero level threshold is performed automatically upon switching on the instrument power. If necessary, set the required detector threshold. Visually, by the number of fully colored elements of the 21-segment s scale, and by listening, according to the frequency of clicks heard from the built-in loudspeaker or the headphones, make an assessment of the level of the received infrared radiation. Turn the instrument to the audio monitoring mode AUD. Monitor for the presence of potentially perilous modulated infrared emissions. If necessary, expand the capabilities of the analysis by switching the instrument to OSC and SA modes. NOTE: There are two principal ways of leakage of the information using infrared radiation: - One is created by means of transmission of the intercepted information in the infrared range. When transmitting the information in the infrared range it would be necessary to provide line of sight between the transmitter of the concealed device and the receiver of infrared radiation. For this reason, in the premise, the most probable way of transmitter s radiation to be directed towards outside area would be passing through the window openings. Taking these particulars into consideration, the search of perilous signals should be started from the windows of the premise, moving towards the farther side of the premise. Once the transmitter may have a fairly narrow directivity pattern, whereas the sensor s visual angle amounts to 30 o, it would be necessary to continuously change the spatial orientation of the sensor; - The other way is based on irradiation of the glazing of the window openings by a directed beam from the source of infrared radiation and reception of the reflected signal modulated by the acoustics of the premise. In this case the sensor is orientated towards the window. Continuously changing the spatial location of the sensor, examine the entire area of the window opening. Once the probing signal does not have modulation, its presence can only be assessed by the readings of the level indicator and by audio monitoring in the TONE mode LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS DETECTOR MODE Connect the magnetic sensor to the connecting cable, and the cable itself to the PROBES connector. Make a visual assessment of the magnetic field level by the amplitude and the character of the signal on the oscillogram, and by listening, according to the tone height in the built-in loudspeaker or the headphones. If necessary (for instance, in case of high background level of the electric mains), use differential connection of the magnetic antenna.

23 NOTE: Application of this mode is mainly concerned with the search of parasitic electromagnetic radiation originated from operation of the office equipments and various domestic electronics and electrical appliances (personal computers, transceivers, audio amplifier systems, tape recorders, telephone handsets etc.). Potential sources of perilous low frequency magnetic fields shall be examined separately, by switching them on to operate in sequence. With regard to the telephone handsets, the range of legible reception of the spoken signal shall be assessed. Detection of the operating dictaphones would be possible under the condition that the distance between the dictaphone and the magnetic antenna does not exceed 5 cm USE OF NONVOLATILE MEMORY Storage of the current diagram (oscilograms, spectrograms, panorama displays) is performed with the help of the following operations: - depress the SAVE button. Request for confirmation will appear on the screen ENTER TO SAVE ; - depress the ENTER button. Make sure that the diagram has been saved. This is confirmed by displaying the following messages in sequence, as follows: WAIT and Done SAVE No. X. In this message, X means the numerical ordinal number of the saved diagram. NOTE: - depressing of any other button except ENTER cancels the saving operation for this diagram; - instead of the message WAIT you may see the message DELETE old data which means automatic deleting the earliest diagram saved, from the memory, as a consequence of the memory overflow. Output of one of the stored diagrams onto the display is performed with the help of LOAD button. Consequently, the message LOAD X of Y appears, where X means the serial number of the diagram, and Y means the total number of the stored diagrams of that type. By means of LOAD button depressed for several times, you can review all the saved diagrams.

24 24 By depressing the RUN / STOP button, dynamic output of the diagram onto the screen will be resumed (the AUTO message appears in the upper right corner). To delete any diagram from the memory the following is required to be done: - recall the diagram to be displayed by depressing the LOAD button; - depress the SAVE button. The request for confirmation would appear, in the form of ENTER to DELETE ; - confirm the operation of deleting by depressing the ENTER button. Depressing of any other button cancels the operation. 4. WORKING WITH IBM PC-COMPATIBLE COMPUTER For working with an IBM PC, specially developed software is used, which software enables the following: - continuous PC video terminal backing of the visual information displayed on the ST033 instrument s screen; - creation of the database of graphical and audio information acquired while operating the ST033 - examination of the created database regardless of the availability of the ST MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS TOWARDS THE IBM PC 1.1. The software only operable under the following operating systems: Windows 95/98/ME/NT/ The required disk space is 1.5 MB approximately For storage of audio information in the computer, provision of the support for record and playback of audio information is necessary INSTALLATION OF THE SOFTWARE Run the Setup_ST033P.exe file from the floppy available among the delivered items, and perform standard setup. Upon completion, make sure that in the Start menu, a line with the title ST033P has appeared CONNECTING THE ST033 TO THE COMPUTER Use the supplied serial port RS-232 cable for connecting ST033 to the computer (the connector having inscription IBM PC is connected to the computer); the supported data exchange rate is 56 kbps. For transmitting audio signals to the computer, an audio cable is used, which is to be connected between the ST033 instrument s audio output (LINE) and the microphone input of the sound card (in the Windows Mixer, recording from the microphone input shall be set to enabled ). Upon running the software, selection of COM port is done automatically by scanning of the available ports, which is shown in the program status line in the bottom of the main window. Manual selection is also possible. To do that, click with the mouse on the COM box located in the bottom of the screen and select the required COM port number from the list. In case of unavailability of connection with the computer, the message Computer not receiving data for XX.XX seconds already appears in the window intended for continuous backup of information displayed on the ST033instrument s screen. If an adequate connection to the computer is available, the message Connection to instrument is stable appears in the same window. WARNING! An adequate connection will be available in all modes except the Conductive lines analyzer mode. For communicating to an IBM PC in this mode, establish connection in any other mode, and then switch to the Conductive lines analyzer mode. When running the software for the first time, the Data folder is created on the hard disk, in that same location where the software is located. The database will be stored here. If desired, the database can be located in other place by means of Select main folder operation by the button available on the toolbox control panel (the toolbox control panel description see hereunder). This will be the root folder of the database DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOLBOX CONTROL PANEL Selection of the Main Folder. When activated, the window is displayed (Fig. 1.), which allows the user to select location on the disk for the database to be created.

25 25 Global parameters. The dialogue box (Fig. 2.) will be opened, to offer the following options: Parameters for audio recording, where the user is allowed to set: - Maximum length of the recorded audio file ; - Sampling rate ; - Sampling bit capacity. The automatically calculated data will be shown underneath: Fig hour audio recording to disk is currently available ; - ( MB free space available on disk) Common flags are located under: - Automatic redrawing of file tree when changed ; - Automatic audio playback when a file is selected ; - Do not show prompts. Fig. 2 Save as service function which allows to save the database file as a standard BMP and (or) WAV-file, for provision of availability to process the file using other graphical and audio programs. Close the program one of the possible ways to close the program. Redraw database file tree manual redrawing as required, or when automatic is canceled. Guidebook Copy top window drawing to clipboard is a duplication of the operation of depressing the right button in the top window. Copy bottom window drawing to clipboard is a duplication of the operation of depressing the right button in the bottom window DESCRIPTION OF THE USER INTERFACE The user interface of the software is divided into three windows: - window for ST033 operation in the real time mode; - window for reviewing the previously saved files; - explore window with the files included in database. Window for ST033P s operation in the real time mode (Fig. 3) enables the following: - automatic reading the information from the ST033 and saving series of files in the database during a lengthy period of time. The interval and duration of reading as well as the number of files are set by the user; - readout of the content of the nonvolatile memory of the ST033P into the database in one touch ; - saving graphical and audio information in the form of a specialized file of the database to include supplementary information: the ST033 instrument s current mode of operation, current time, date, etc.; - copying a drawing into the clipboard, for instance, Fig. 3. for transfer into MS Word in order to perform a printer output for hard copying;

26 26 - continuous change of the scale of the graphical picture; - perform audio recording in the computer, from the audio output of the ST033. In the window for ST033P instrument s operation in the real time mode, the following control buttons are available: Save picture saves onto disk the file containing graphical image currently displayed in the window. The file will be saved in the folder, which is currently highlighted (selected) in the file tree, in the left window. The filename is automatically generated, depending on the mode of operation of the ST033. The file would have a specific structure and extension *.033. Save picture and sound saves onto disk the graphical image and the sound in a single file. This button becomes active when an audio fragment has been recorded in the computer s memory. The files are recorded onto the disk, in the folder which has been highlighted (selected) in the file tree available in the left window. The filename is automatically generated, depending on the mode of operation of the ST033. The file would have a specific structure and extension *.033. The file includes the image and the sound in combination. That same image will be recorded, which was displayed on screen at the moment when the button was depressed. The sound should have to be recorded earlier with the help of the sound recording controls (see hereunder). Packet recording of files series of files are recorded with the preset parameters. The recording is performed, using an automatically created folder in the database. This folder is created inside that one which was highlighted (selected) in the file tree available in the left window. Packet recording parameters a dialog box is open for setting the packet recording parameters. Dialog options are the following: Number of frames recorded number of files containing the graphical (and sound) information which will be saved to disk. Interval between frames recording time span between recording of the files. Record sound within setting the time within which the sound is to be recorded. Note, that in such case, the recording time cannot be set to be longer than the time span between recording of frames. Save data from instrument memory the content of the nonvolatile memory of the ST033P instrument will be saved in the database, in the automatically created new folder. Every image will be saved in its file, the filename being automatically generated. Sound recording block (see Fig. 3) includes the following: 4 control buttons: record, erase, playback, pause/stop. Movable indicator is available for recording/playback level indication, as well as the indicators of the current and maximum time of recording/playback in seconds. Image field (see Fig. 3) is intended to: display in cycle the image received from ST033P. The image scale can be continuously changed by dragging with the mouse, and it can also be placed onto the clipboard (with the help of the right button of the mouse, for instance), for transferring it to the MS Word for the purpose of hard-copying with the help of the printer. The previously saved files display window allows the following: - saving graphical and or sound component of a specialized file of the database in the form of a standard BMP or WAV-file respectively; - to browse automatically and (or) to listen to the series of files from the database in a preset pace, i.e. to organize a so-called slideshow, which parameters are also set by the user; - initiate listening to the sound track of a file taken from the database; Fig. 4 - copying an image to the clipboard, for instance, for transferring it to the MS Word for the purpose of hard-copying with the help of the printer. - changing continuously the graphical image scale. In the previously saved files display window, the following control buttons are available. Packet playback a sequential playback of the series of files takes place, with the preset parameters. The files will be taken from the folder which is highlighted in the file-tree at the left.

27 Parameters of packet playback a dialog box is opened for setting the packet playback parameters. The dialog options are the following: - Interval between frames can be defined as for packet recording or 1 second (1 second being for the case where the group of files is to be played back, which files were not formed by packet recording) or a certain time interval has been set as ; - Sound playback the flag is set for necessity of sound playback as is, or within a certain time; - Cycling the flag is set for necessity of cycling, i.e. after the playback of the last file available in a folder, the first file playback starts again. Sound playback block (see Fig. 4) includes the following: 2 control buttons: playback, pause/stop. Movable indicator is available for playback level indication, as well as the indicators of the current and maximum time of playback in seconds. Image field (see Fig. 4) is intended: for displaying an image from a file available in the database, which file is pointed by the mouse. In case where a sound fragment is included in the file, the sound playback button becomes active. The scale of an image can be continuously changed by dragging with the mouse and it can also be placed onto the clipboard (with the help of the right button of the mouse, for instance), for transferring it to the MS Word for the purpose of hard-copying with the help of the printer. The explore window in the database files file tree The explore window in the database files is organized in the form of hierarchical tree-like structure, which allows the following: - selection of a file for the purpose of visual study (or for listening) in the window for browsing of the database. For quick browsing, it is only required to move the mouse pointer to the filename; - perform standard file operations in the database zone: copying, shifting, renaming, deleting the files and folders, creating new folders. 27 The files have a sign if they only contain the image, and additional sign, if they contain a sound fragment in addition to the image. The file tree allows to perform the following operations with the files, by depressing the right button of the mouse when the pointer is moved to the filename: Rename, Delete, Create new folder. The function is also available, for moving and copying of files from one folder to another by dragging with the left button of the mouse. For copying, the Ctrl key must be depressed. Deleting of file is performed by depressing Delete key on the selected file. The corresponding relative dimensions of these three windows can be changed. The changes are saved in the configuration file st033.dat. All the other parameters are also saved in this file. If this file is deleted, default values of all parameters are restored in this file, when the program is started for the next time. The file st033.dat is located in the same folder with the file st033.exe.