International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development

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1 Impact Factor: 4.14 (Calculated by SJIF-2015) e- ISSN: p- ISSN: International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 3, Issue 4, April Simulation Modeling Of System with Different Range Of Temperature and Insolation Gunjan A Patel 1, Ch.v. Sivkumar 2 1 PG Student at dept. of Electrical Engineering, Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology 2 Asst. Prof, in Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Abstract- This paper presents a unique step-by-step procedure for the simulation of photovoltaic modules with Matlab /Simulation. Equivalent circuit is employed in order to investigate I-V and P-V characteristics of a solar module. The proposed model is designed with icons and a dialog box like Simulation block in MATLAB libraries Keywords- (Photovoltaic) solar system, MATLAB. I. INTRODUCTION In Recent days, we are mostly dependent on non-conventional sources that have been and will continue to be a major cause of pollution and other environmental degradation. In case of non-conventional sources more used as a solar penal. The solar panels only work during day time because unavailability of sunlight at night time. Hence, all of the solar power capacity is lost during night. This could be a problem regarding power quality if the panel is connected to the distribution system. Ever increasing demand of electricity the use of renewable energy at a most of amount, Due to severe hike in global warming, we need to tap maximum amount of renewable energy available in the nature. Solar energy is the largest available renewable energy. We can use panels to convert this energy into electrical energy. Here, I try to simulate a panel that will work during day and night time. II. (PHOTOVOLTAIC PENAL OR CELL) Solar is used for grid-connected electricity to operate residential items, commercial equipment, lighting material and air conditioning for all types of home and offices. Through stand-alone systems and the use of batteries, it is also well suited for remote areas where there is no electricity unit. Figure 1. effect converts the photon energy into voltage across the PN junction. In this Section we will discuss about database used for this dissertation work, performance Parameters, Implementation and results. The Photovoltaic () use to analysis the model and then the simulate the model in MATLAB. Then output of the model is compared with the different temperature & insolation. The two models of module are current input (I module) and voltage input module (V module). The I module is well suited for the case when modules are connected in series and share the same current and V module is well suited for the case when modules are connected in parallel and share the same All rights Reserved 100

2 Figure 2. I Module Figure 3. V Module cells are grouped in larger units called modules which are further interconnected in a parallel-series configuration to form arrays. The photovoltaic panel can be modeled mathematically as given in equations. Module photo-current I ph = [I SCR + K (T 298)]*l /1000 Module reverse saturation current Irs I rs = I SC [exp(qv oc / N S KAT a K)-1] The module saturation current I0 varies with the cell temperature, which is given by, I 0 = I rs [T/T r ] 3 exp [q * E go /Bk{1/T r 1/T}] The current output of module is I pv = N P * I ph N p *I o [exp {q * (V + I R S /N S AkT)}-1] Where Vpv = Voc, Np = 1 and Ns = 36 III. SIMULATION RESULTS module (penal) is taken as the reference module for simulation data details are given in Table 1. Voltage at Maximum power (Vmp) 40.1 V Current at Maximum power ( Imp) 9.01 A Short circuit current ( ISCr) 2.55 A Total number of cells in series (Ns) 36 Total number of cells in parallel (Np) 1 Table 1. Electrical characteristics All rights Reserved 101

3 Figure 4. Simulink model of module Figure 5. Connection of All All rights Reserved 102

4 Figure 6. C to Kelvin Function: - To Convert operating Temperature Centigrade to Kelvin T rk = (Ref. Temp) T ak = 273+T op (operating Temp). I ph = [I sc + K i (T ak T rk ) X] Where x = irradiation Figure 7. Photon current I = I [exp (q* V / N KAT K)-1] rs SC oc S a Figure 8. Reverse Saturation All rights Reserved 103

5 Figure 9. Saturation current. Figure 10 N S All rights Reserved 104

6 Figure 11. Module output current. Figure 12. I-V Curve. Figure 13. P-V Curve. In I-V curve when I sc maximum at that time voltage is zero and when V OC is maximum at that time current is zero. In I-V curve any term current or voltage is zero that s why power will zero. But in case of P-V curve when multiplication of current and voltage we get maximum power at one point is called maximum power point All rights Reserved 105

7 Figure 14. P-V curve with constant temp & Diff Insolation. 25 c 1000 w/m 2 25 c 700 w/m 2 25 c 300 w/m 2 Figure 15. V-P curve with constant Insolation & Diff temp. 25 c 1000 w/m 2 50 c 1000 w/m 2 75 c 1000 w/m 2 In both of the case first time constant temp. at that time insolation is different and second case constant insolation at that time temp. is different. In second case when voltage will increasing same time temp. also increasing that s why power is All rights Reserved 106

8 Figure16. V-I curve with constant Insolation & Diff temp. 25 c 1000 w/m 2 50 c 1000 w/m 2 75 c 1000 w/m 2 Fig 17. V-P curve with constant temp & Diff Insolation 25 c 1000 w/m 2 25 c 700 w/m 2 25 c 300 w/m 2 In equivalent circuit of two resistance are there one is parallel and second is series. Two parallel resistance IR drop is not present but in series voltage drop is there. That s why when temp increasing at time resistant will decreasing when resistance is decreasing at same time current will increasing that s why IR drop will increasing. In last waveform, in solar penal cell is there when it charge photon current is increasing same level solar radiation will also increasing that s why current will increasing.it shown in All rights Reserved 107

9 IV. CONCLUSION The study is about and simulation in different temperature & insolation also I-V & P-V Curve. It depend in two cases: Case: 1 As the insolation increase module current increase and voltage also increase but in small meaner, so that with increase in insolation output power of module increase. Case: 2 As the temperature increase model voltage decrease and small change in current, so that resultant output power decrease with increase in temperature. REFERENCES [1] M. Sai Eswar Rao, K. Obulreddy, Utilization Of Pv Solar Farm As Statcom During Night Hours In A Distribution Network, International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2014 [2] S., R.K.Nema, and G.Agnihotri, Matlab / simulink based study of photovoltaic cells / modules / array and their experimental verification, International Journal of Energy and Environment, [3] I. H. Altas and A.M. Sharaf, A Photovoltaic Array Simulation Model for Matlab-Simulink GUI Environment, IEEE, Clean Electrical Power, International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP '07), June 14-16, 2007, Ischia, Italy [4] R.K.Nema, and G.Agnihotri, Matlab / simulink based study of photovoltaic cells / modules / array and their experimental verification, International Journal of Energy and Environment, pp , Volume 1, Issue 3, [5] M. H. Rashid Power Electronics Handbook. London, U.K.: Academic All rights Reserved 108