Project Advisor : Dr. Abdulla Ismail

Transcription

1 United Arab Emirates University College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Graduation Project II Name of Group: ID: Halima Ali Khalfan Sheikha Mohamed Hebsi Fatima Mohammed Ahbabi Suaad Edrees Shehhi Project Advisor : Dr. Abdulla Ismail

2 Out line: Introduction. Summary about our project. Review GP1 task. Load Frequency Controller (LFC). Single area LFC System with PI controller model Multi-areas LFC System with PI controller model fuzzy logic controller Single Area LFC with fuzzy logic controller Single Area LFC with fuzzy logic and Integral controller Comparison between fuzzy and integral controller Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). Single area AVR System with PI D controller model Multi-areas AVR System with PID controller model Automatic Generation Controller (AGC) Conclusion.

3 Introduction The Project: Automatic Generation Control system The Advantages: Limits the variations Avoid machine damages Avoid blackouts Enhance the system reliability and security

4 AGC Overview Gp1 4

5 Review GP1 task GP1 Model LFC system One area Two areas Three areas Integral control (IC) SIMULINK model-block diagrams MATLAB code

6 Load Frequency Control (LFC)

7 Load Frequency Control (LFC) Feedback. Sensor. Frequency fixed. Frequency of UAE power system = 50 Hz

8 Load Frequency Controller (LFC) 1. Single area LFC System model with PI controller model Case 1: Non-reheater LFC with PI controller model

9 Load Frequency Controller (LFC) The frequency error of reheater with PI and without PI controller model

10 Load Frequency Controller (LFC) Case 2: Um-Annar LFC with PI controller model

11 Load Frequency Controller (LFC) The frequency error of Um-Annar with PI controller model

12 Load Frequency Controller (LFC) 2. Multi-areas LFC System with PI controller model

13 Load Frequency Controller (LFC) Frequency error for two different LFC system areas with PI and without controller

14 Introduction to the fuzzy logic Logic, discrete and crisp 0 OR 1 Fuzzy logic Some thing between 0 and 1

15 Fuzzy Logic Control Application Automatic control Data classification Decision analysis Expert systems Computer vision Cameras Washing machines Microwave ovens Industrial process control Medical instrumentation

16 Fuzzy Controller Elements fuzzy controller is composed of the following four elements: A rule-base (a set of If-Then rules) An inference mechanism A fuzzification interface A defuzzification interface

17 Block diagram of a fuzzy control system

18 Fuzzify the input : Fuzzy logic process Frequency deviation Frequency deviation rate

19 Fuzzy logic process Positive frequency deviation Negative frequency deviation Negative frequency deviation rate Positive frequency deviation rate

20 Rule Table for power system LFC model

21 Fuzzy logic process

22 Fuzzy logic process

23 Fuzzy logic process

24 Single Area LFC with Fizzy logic Case 1 Single Areas Reheatermodel with Fuzzy logic Controller

25 Single Area LFC with Fizzy logic output The frequency error of reheater with fuzzy logic controller model

26 Comparing between Fuzzy and integral controller

27 Single Area LFC with Fizzy logic and integral controller Single Areas reheaterlfc with fuzzy logic and Integral controller model

28 Single Area LFC with Fizzy logic and integral controller output

29 Comparing between Fuzzy and integral controller

30 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

31 Introduction for the AVR system What is the AVR system? Why we need the AVR system? Where its connect in the power system? What elements its consist of?

32 The AVR system Make the system efficient. Consist of sensor, amplifier, exciter and generator. Deals with the reactive power.

33 The AVR system This is diagram for AVR system and it shows where it is connected in the generation system

34 Modeling and Simulation: Simple AVR System:

35 What is Happening in the AVR system? The amplifier comes first in the AVR system to amplify the error signal. Then the error signals alter the exciter and consequently the generator. The sensor sense the voltage output and send it to the transducer and the transducer send in the signal after comparing it to the amplifier.

36 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Single Area (AVR) without PID controller

37 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

38 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Single Area Automatic Voltage Control (AVR) with PID controller

39 The output voltage with PID controller Case 1 : (Kd=0.2,Ki=0.2,Kp=0.2). Case 2 : (Kd=0.1,Ki=0.1,Kp=1). Case 3 : (Kd=3,Ki=0.3,Kp=0.1). Case 4 : (Kd=0.3,Ki=1,Kp=0.2).

40 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Cases Kd Ki Kp Overshoot Settling Time (s) Steady State Error Not reach The case 1 is the best case because it has less time settling, less overshoot and less steady state error.

41 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Multi-areas LFC System with PID controller model

42 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Studying cases of AVR system of two area: - Case 1: Area 1 and 2 are in the normal situation. (V1=0& V2=0). - Case 2: Area 1 is overloaded at step o f 0.1. Area 2 is in the normal situation. (V1 = 0.1& V2= 0). - Case 3: Areas 1 and 2 are overloaded at step of 0.1 for each area. (V1 = 0.1& V2 = 0.1). - Case 4: Area 1 and 2 are overloaded at step of 0.1 and 0.2 respectively. (V1 = 0.1& V2 = 0.2).

43 The output voltage response with PID controller ( two area) Case 1: (V1=0& V2=0) Case 2: (V1 = 0.1& V2= 0) Case 3: (V1 = 0.1& V2 = 0.1) Case 4: (V1 = 0.1& V2 = 0.2)

44 Advantages and Disadvantages PID Advantages of PID: Fast response and small error (due to the proportional gain). Reduced steady-state error (due to the integral gain). - Reduced overshoot (due to the derivative gain). Disadvantages of PID: There is no formal way to determine the best PID gains.

45 Automatic Generation Controller (AGC) The connection between the AVR and the LFC systems only represented in some constants K1, K2 etc. The main concentration in AGC system is the LFC part more than the AVR system. If the LFC system wasn t stable the AGC system will not be stable

46 Automatic Generation Controller case 1 : AGC ( LFC (Um annar) without controller & AVR) case 2 :AGC ( LFC (Um annar) with controller & AVR) case3 :AGC ( LFC Non Reaheater) with PI controller & AVR with PID controller )

47 AGC ( LFC (Um annar) without controller & AVR) LFC (Um annar) AVR system

48 AGC ( LFC (Um annar) without controller & AVR) Case 1: K1=1, k2=0,k3=0.8, k4=1 Case 2: K1=1,K2=5,K3=0.3,K4=0 Case 3: K1=0,K2=3,K3=0.2,K4=0.8 Case 4 :K1=0.5,K2=1,K3=0,K4=5

49 The output of AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) without controller & AVR) best Case : K1= 1, K2= -1.3, K3=0.1,K4=4

50 AGC (LFC without controller and AVR)

51 AGC (LFC without controller and AVR)

52 AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) with controller & AVR) LFC (Um annar) with controller AVR system

53 AGC ( LFC (Um annar ) with controller & AVR) Case 1: K1=1, k2=0,k3=0.8, k4=1 case 2:K1=1, k2=5,k3=0.5, k4=0 Case 3: K1=5, k2=0,k3=0, k4=3 Case 4:K1=5, k2=5,k3=0.8, k4=0

54 AGC (LFC with controller and AVR)

55 AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI & AVR with PID controller ) LFC with PI AVR with PID

56 AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI & AVR with PID controller ) Case 1 :K1= 0.5, K2=0.3, K3= 0.6, K4 =0.3 Case 2 :K1= 0.5, K2=1, K3= 2, K4 =0.9 Case 3 :K1= 3, K2=1, K3= 3.5, K4 =0.9 Case 4 :K1= 3.5, K2=4, K3= 5.5, K4 =2

57 AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI & AVR with PID controller ) best Case: K1=1.7, K2=-1,K3 =1,K4=4

58 AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI & AVR with PID controller )

59 AGC ( LFC (Non Reaheater) with PI & AVR with PID controller )

60 Conclusion The purpose of AGC is the tracking of load variationswhile maintaining system frequency, net tie-line interchanges, and optimal generation levels close to specified values. AGC has more advantages than the previous technique such as, increasing generation ability, improve ability of load increase recovery, more efficient for detecting and fixing power faults, saving time.

61 Conclusion LFC is used to regulate the output power of each generatorat prescribed levels while keeping the frequency fluctuations within pre-specified limits. The study of AVR show what is the important of the proportionalintegral-derivative action (PID) controller. The LFC system is much slowerthan the AVR due to the mechanical inertia constant in LFC.

62 Conclusions Our goal in the end is to design a control system that serves the power network in the UAE for better performance and better power services in terms of consumption and supplement. Enhance our skills and understanding of Engineering project design and management. Achieve the best as an outcome of a successful group work. 62

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