Optical Wireless Communications & Smart City. Ing. L. Salamandra - "Smart Building" 31/05/2017 (ISCOM)

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1 Optical Wireless Communications & Smart City Ing. Luigi Salamandra Ing. Gianpaolo Susanna

2 ISCOM Research Lab Optical Wireless Communications Data Center INDOOR WEATHER STATION Test Plant Laboratory SETUP FSO OUTDOOR Activities Silicon Organic Hybrid Technology Visible Light Communication

3 Smart City A broad concept A Smart City is an urban development vision to integrate multiple information and communication technology (ICT) and Internet-of-Things (IoTs) solutions to improve quality of life. 5G is the ensemble of Key Enabling Technologies that will realize this concept. In fact, in addition to providing simply faster speeds, 5G networks will serve new use cases, such as IoTs, as well as broadcast-like services and lifeline communication in times of natural disaster.

4 Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) Fiber-Optic Communication

5 Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) OWC is a general term which refers to all types of optical communications where waveguides (like optical fibers) are not used. Optic Wireless Communication

6 OWC technologies FSO (Free Space Optics): is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (air, outer space, vacuum, or similar) to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. Point-to-point (P2P) line-of-sight (LOS) optical links can be implemented using infrared (IR) light sources (not restricted to 3 transmission windows of fiber-optic communication). The technology is useful where the physical connections are impractical due to high costs or other considerations. VLC (Visible Light Communication): is a data communication medium which uses visible light between 400 and 800 THz ( nm). VLC purpose is to use artificial illumination sources to send information (environmental light as channel). VLC can be used as a communications medium for ubiquitous computing, because light-producing devices are used everywhere. UVC (Ultra-Violet Communication): like VLC, but as transmitter/receiver are used optical source/detector from recent progress in solid state, operating within solar-blind UV spectrum ( nm, so-called deep UV band). Because solar radiation is negligible at the ground level, this makes possible the design of photon-counting detectors with wide field-of-view receivers that increase the received energy with little additional background noise, particularly useful for outdoor non-line-ofsight (NLOS) configurations in low power short-range detection.

7 Free-Space Optics (FSO) Benefits Wavelenght range: nm Bitrate: up to 2.5 (single-channel) (N-)IR LASER for P2P data links High-Bandwidth low power) Free license spectrum Less latency (signal 1.5 times faster in air than fiber) Zero sunk Low interferences between close channels Less work to implement No security breaches (LOS) Drawbacks LOS required Atmospheric penalizations (weather & turbulences)

8 Extra-terrestrial FSO - Applications O U T D O O R City I N D O O R Building (Office & Data Center) Home (Entertainment & Domotica)

9 FSO Today s Record 1.28Tb/s (32x40Gb/s) FSO WDM Transmission System (double-pass) Ciaramella et al. (DOI: /LPT ) 32x40 Gb/s two buildings in Pisa, Italy

10 FSO Atmospheric Turbulence Atmospheric turbulence random variations of refractive index and temperature (pressure altitude wind speed) wave-front distorted by turbulence eddies spreading wandering scintillation few millimetres several metres

11 FSO Indoor Turbulence passive channel ~4m Video stream transfer test comparable packets loss between unperturbed FSO (ufso) and fibre 26 (ufso) vs 35 (fiber) over 8.0*10 6 transferred packets in case of the worst turbulence (major power loss) FSO lost packets were 163 (negligible error).

12 FSO Outdoor Passive Channel Weather Station

13 Visible Light Communication (VLC) The use of the environmental light as source of an optical wireless data communication system.

14 Fast 1 3.5Gb/s (recently 10Gb/s demonstrated!) Secure receive data only inside the room Cheap use of environmental light Safe light instead radio Omnipresent light is everywhere! Why VLC? VLC isn t "the one" wireless communication technology, but more a valid alternative and complementary to other technology

15 Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) Li-Fi is high-speed VLC usable as alternative in application scenarios where Wi-Fi might also be used (light rather than radio used for transmission)

16 White LED - Approaches New WDM 10Gb/s!!!

17 White LED Phosphor

18 White LED Multi-Chromatic

19 The blue-demon inside Blue-emission of LED (over 3000K): damage retina change circadian physiology affect sleep How reduce blue-component? warm white LED plastic filter

20 Applications of VLC

21 VLC Commercial products 40Mb/s full-duplex integrated receiver for smartphone dongle

22 Applications of VLC Home & Office Visible Light Communication is intrinsically an effective choice in an environment with many final users to satisfy, and some of them are not humans!!! (IoTs scenario) smartphone, TV, tablet and my water heater?!? (household appliances) smartphone, laptop PC, printer, air conditioner (office equipment)

23 Applications of VLC Smart Mobility Visible Light Communication could be used to realize a diffused communication system for traffic information and to prevent and avoid accidents Smart Traffic Headlights Vehicle-2-Vehicle Automotive & Transport Vehicle-2-Everything

24 Applications of VLC Indoor Positioning System (IPS) Visible Light Communication used for tracking something in a huge environment (with a precision up to 30cm), for example your favorite cornflakes!!! (indoor GPS)

25 Applications of VLC Merchandiser Info

26 Applications of VLC Entertainment

27 niche Applications of VLC Airplane Visible Light Communication replaces radio communication where it isn t allowed communication on airstrips (airplane to center of operations) communication inside airplanes (entertainment systems) no interferences with on-board instruments

28 niche Applications of VLC Healthcare Visible Light Communication is the most suitable choice in closed environment like an hospital. Since the regulated and limited use of radio waves, the VLC system could connect medical equipment (cable-free), particularly in the operating rooms. Plus, the electrical isolation on the connection between devices is possible.

29 niche Applications of VLC Disney Research Disney Research s mission is to drive value for The Walt Disney Company by delivering scientific & technological innovation Company-wide. Our world-class research talent invents and transfers the most compelling technologies enabling the Company to differentiate its content, services, and products (from website)

30 niche Applications of VLC - Underwater Visible Light Communication could be the unique technology available in particular situation!!! Underwater (where radio couldn t)

31 VLC and Power-Line Communication (PLC) PLC could control directly indoor artificial environmental lights??? Duplicate the paradigm of Ethernet/Wi-Fi

32 Organic Visible Light Communication (OVLC) Organic devices: printed, cheap, large-area, flexible OLED (organic light-emitting diode) OPD (organic photo-detector) interior design Organic devices are incorporable (printable) on many different other products!

33 OVLC - Example a b c d A 1Mb/s Visible Light Communications Link with Low Bandwidth Organic Components P. A. Haigh, IEEE PTL 2014, 26,

34 VLC OPD Characterization LED Incidence Angle OPD

35 Conclusion Thanks to 5G networks, the concept of smart cities with lots of things working in synergy becomes concrete and reachable; in this panorama also alternative and comparable optical communication technologies are required. OWC, both FSO and VLC, could provide the physical systems to ensure such aim. With the opportunity to adapt a system in many ways for many final purpose, ubiquitous data links are realizable, giving an effective and real solution for IoTs, and beyond for the smart approach of IoE (Internet-of-Everything).