Results of the AIS AtoN International Survey Conducted by the Canadian Coast Guard November 2016

Transcription

1 Results of the AIS AtoN International Survey Conducted by the Canadian Coast Guard November 2016

2 Canadian Context 113 shore based stations including 2 sites in the Arctic. 2

3 Canadian Context Canada is among the largest countries in the world with an extensive coastline bordering 3 different oceans. Transit distance to reach an AtoN for repair or maintenance is often costly. Over 17,000 AtoNs are in service. Monitoring is a challenge due to the vast communication links required. Seasonal climatic conditions are extremely variable: ice, harsh Arctic conditions, storms, low temperature, etc. 3

4 Objectives of the Questionnaire Evaluate the international trend with regard to AIS AtoN. Identify situations where each type of AIS AtoN is used. Analyze feedback/comments received from users. Benefit from other countries experience to develop a consistent national approach. 4

5 National Authorities Contacted 40 countries contacted 5

6 Respondents 26 countries have positively responded 6

7 Methodology Information sought was mainly on permanent/semipermanent utilization, excluding time-critical situations. AIS Applications Specific Messages, such as Met/Hydro, were not considered. National Authorities were the target audience but third parties have been occasionally included. In the questionnaire, number of AIS Atons deployed annually were reported by ranges (0-5; 6-10; etc.; and > 25). In the following graphics, the median value of each range was used. For countries reporting quantity over 25, number on the graphics was rounded up to 30. Misinterpretation of Synthetic Monitored vs Predicted may have happened in some cases. 7

8 Real AIS AtoN Deployed 8

9 Real AIS AtoN Removed 9

10 Real AIS AtoN Findings # of Responses Reason for not using Worry about power management for floating AtoN&remote site 3 Not convinced of added value over actual visual/radar AtoN 1 Costly 1 Low range 1 Weak monitoring & control capabilities 1 Failed at lower temperature 1 Feature monitored Dynamic position 16 Lantern operation 7 Power system 7 Racon 2 MetHydro 2 Feature broadcasted Dynamic position 15 Lantern operation 3 Power system 1 Racon 1 MetHydro 3 Static position 1 Info about fixed mark (name, posn) 3 Situations/conditions for using it Mark hazard near route 9 Isolated danger 10 Delineate tracks 10 Leading mark 7 Anchorage area 4 Mark shoal inside channel 3 Mark overhead clearance 1 Mark underwater assets 1 Mark obstacles 1 Mark offshore structure 7 TSS 6 Landfall 12 Wreck 1 Buoy with inconsistant radar detection 2 Assess drift 1 10

11 Real AIS AtoN Findings Reason for removal Power consumption 0 Faulty device 3 Interference 2 Water ingress 0 Underused by the client 1 Not linked to a network 1 Hit by vessel 1 SOLAS users satisfied feedback Provide dynamic posn critical floating 6 Provide status critical floating 5 Provide status critical fixed 3 Provide status electronic aid 1 SOLAS users Not satisfied feedback Intermittent operation 0 Add cluttering in ECDIS/ECS/Radar 3 Dependency radionav system 0 Lack security signal protection 0 Overload VHF data link 1 Not detectable on some ships 1 11

12 Real AIS AtoN Other Benefits and Limitations Benefits: Enhances situational awareness in conditions of low visibility/radar detection. Assists in safe navigation in heavy traffic areas. Complements marking in sensitive areas. Allows provision of service outside an AIS base network. Allows cross-checking different sources of information (visual, radar and dynamic AIS). 12

13 Real AIS AtoN Other Benefits and Limitations Limitations: Increases reliability issues (power consumption, equipment failure, interference). Increases costs of maintenance by adding an asset on an existing one. Cannot be used now as a Racon replacement as AIS input on radar is not yet mandatory. 13

14 Real AIS AtoN Examples Pohang South Korea Tokyo Bay Japan Antarctica base Argentina Singapore Port 14

15 Synthetic AIS AtoN Deployed - Monitored 15

16 Synthetic AIS AtoN - Monitored Removed Cluttering issue onboard (area already crowded). 16

17 Synthetic AIS AtoN Deployed - Predicted >400 17

18 Synthetic AIS AtoN Predicted Removed Removal because of the need to connect to an AIS network (end of trial). 18

19 Synthetic AtoN Findings # of Responses Reason for not using Synthetic Availability&efficiency of other AtoNs 1 Too many AtoN in our country 1 Not convinced of added value over actual visual/radar AtoN 1 Deployment policy to be developed 1 No VDL data slots reserved for that 1 Feature monitored Dynamic position 2 Lantern operation 5 Power system 3 Racon 1 MetHydro 1 Feature broadcasted Dynamic position 1 Lantern operation 2 Power system 0 Racon 1 MetHydro 1 Static position 7 Off position alarm only 1 19

20 Synthetic AtoN Findings Situations/conditions for using it Mark hazard near route 1 (Monitored) Isolated danger 1 Delineate tracks 1 Leading mark 0 Anchorage area 0 Mark shoal inside channel 1 Mark overhead clearance 0 Mark underwater assets 0 Mark obstacles 2 Mark offshore structure 1 TSS 1 Landfall 2 Wreck 0 Situations/conditions for using it Mark hazard near route 6 (Predicted) Isolated danger 2 Delineate tracks 2 Leading mark 3 Anchorage area 1 Mark shoal inside channel 1 Mark overhead clearance 0 Mark underwater assets 0 Mark obstacles 0 Mark offshore structure 1 TSS 0 Landfall 3 Wreck 0 Fixed aid unable to retain AtoN device 1 20

21 Synthetic Monitored Other Benefits and Limitations Benefits (monitored): Complements Notice To Mariners broadcast in targeted area. Used to monitor/broadcast selective features (status of position, light, racon, extended usage, etc.). Unlike real AIS AtoN, consumes less power, allows better range, easier to control, and less expensive. Limitations: Requires a second asset on an existing one (e.g. a position fixing device + communication device). 21

22 Synthetic Predicted Other Benefits and Limitations Benefits (monitored): Physical AtoN visual/radar detection is impaired by ice and an AIS AtoN displayed on the radar would indicate the right spot to look for echo. Area with limited capacity to deploy (real) or monitor. Enhances situational awareness and may help prevent collisions with buoys. Allows for easy and early identification of AtoN. Limitations: Overlaying Virtual AtoN symbol on existing ENC symbols was not perceived as an added value by some mariners. Portrayal may confuse mariners: Real AIS AtoN symbol used but static position & no status broadcast. In Msg 21, virtual flag 0 (real) or 1 (virtual) are incorrectly used. Symbol (type code) is changed according to the season (R V R). 22

23 Synthetic Monitored Examples Magellan Strait Chile Estonia 23

24 Synthetic Predicted Examples Ecuador Quiberon France Great Lakes USA Kalix Sweden 24

25 Virtual AIS AtoN - Deployed 25

26 Virtual AIS AtoN - Removed Gladstone: marking of an alternative channel for small craft was underused. Gulf Bothnia: older ECDIS were prioritizing V AIS over distant AIS target. 26

27 Virtual AIS AtoN - Findings # of Responses Situations/conditions for using it Mark hazard near route 7 Isolated danger 6 Delineate tracks 4 Leading mark 1 Anchorage area 1 Mark shoal inside channel 1 Mark overhead clearance 1 Mark underwater assets 1 Mark obstacles 2 Mark offshore structure 2 TSS 5 Landfall 2 Wreck 2 Delineate area 1 Replace removed seasonal buoy 1 SOLAS users satisfied feedback Marking/delineating dynamic areas 4 Allow marking in tigh areas thus preventing hitting AtoNs 3 Complement system where physical AtoN can't be justified 3 No notable changes in the followed routes 1 Effective way to indicate shipping lane 1 SOLAS users Not satisfied feedback Proper voyage planning makes virtual AtoN unnecessary 1 Lack consistency in ship ECDIS/ECS/Radar display 0 Dependency radionav system 0 Lack security signal protection 0 Overload VHF data link 1 AIS target overload in ECDIS/Radar 2 Justification for using virtual as the only solution Deep water 7 Sea state 6 Sensitive area 5 Physical AtoN not economically viable 9 Physical AtoN not meeting reliability target 5 Physical AtoN regularly displaced by ice 4 Shoal applicable only to SOLAS deep draft vessel 1 Physical AtoN not considered essential 1 27

28 Virtual AIS AtoN Other Benefits and Limitations Benefits: Provide AtoN in areas not previously feasible. Allows quick marking of sudden hazards. Reinforces navigation in proper channels/entry in TSS zones. Limitations: Marking of a secondary channel was removed after a two year trial as it was duplicating a path adjacent to the main channel. In one case, it cluttered older ECDIS/ARPA and prioritized V-AIS over distant AIS vessel targets. 28

29 Virtual AIS AtoN TSS Application Portugal View of the upper section of the TSS where traffic (ship icons) appears to follow the northbound and southbound lanes marked by the 6 Virtual AtoNs. (The black lines were inserted to highlight the respective lanes). 29

30 Virtual AIS AtoN TSS Application Ouessant France Ouessant: Two large buoys were difficult to maintain in high seas and were replaced by V-AIS. Akashi Strait Japan Akashi: Two Virtual AtoNs shown as Dn and Ds mark the end of an imaginary line seperating traffic flow. Actual traffic is displayed over the background image. The Real AIS AtoN buoy Sumoto can be seen on top. 30

31 Virtual AIS AtoN Other Examples Reefs; Non-Navigable areas; Sensitive zones Iceland New Zealand Bay of Plenty New Zealand Fiordland Park Italy Cinq Terre 31

32 Virtual AIS AtoN Other Examples Alaska USA Antarctica Argentina Malmö Sweden Australia V-AIS marking exclusively a shoal for deep draught vessels south of the leading light. A real AIS AtoN is also shown below. 32

33 Virtual AIS AtoN Removal Gulf of Bothnia Finland/Sweden Gladstone Australia 33

34 Virtual AIS AtoN Other application Reference point for calibration Broome Australia V AIS can be used at strategically located point to help in the calibration of the equipment. V AIS are used to indicate a course line leading into the harbour. 34

35 Private Aids # of Responses Issues experienced with private AIS AtoN Spectrum issue 2 Not issued/wrong Notice to Mariners 3 Overload 0 No authorization given by authority 5 Erroneous information transmitted 0 No integrity check made by the owner 2 Creates clutter on ENC 1 Acknowledged it is a problem 1 Licensing 1 35

36 Way Forward # of Responses Deployment of Real AIS AtoN over the next 5 years Yes 18 No 4 Don't know 3 Deployment of Synthetic AIS AtoN over the next 5 years Yes 12 No 5 Don't know 8 Deployment of Virtual AIS AtoN over the next 5 years Yes 15 No 6 Don't know 4 36

37 General Findings Inconsistencies in the International deployment approach: Benefits are not recognized by all national authorities : - Lack of capacity to display onboard and/or improper settings. - No clear international strategy and harmonization. As opposed to physical AtoN, AIS isn t used by all mariners. Some countries are deploying AIS Atons proactively: Users are informed about the potential benefits of this technology. Such experiences may force international organizations to review regulations/guidelines. A positive appreciation by some users may incite others to request similar equipment. Monitoring of message 21 is challenging (quality control): Wrong MMSI, AtoN type code 0 (not specified). Use of fixed AtoN instead of floating. VDL overload. Etc. 37

38 General Findings Management of Private AIS AtoN represents a challenge. Concerns with regard to the potential cluttering of ENC: - Several Private AIS AtoN used in non-critical situations: Aquaculture sites. Fishnet buoy. AIS class-b units used on fishnet buoys. Etc. Difficulties in collecting feedback from users: - User consultation process needs improvement. Most countries reported to be in a trial mode. End of International Survey 38

39 ANNEX 1 ANALYSIS OF AIS AtoN SATELLITE DATA 39

40 Methodology A review of AIS AtoN Message 21 captured by satellite (exactearth) was used to complement information. Data provided is a snapshot covering the period January to September, There is no discrimination with respect to the type of utilization: Test. Time critical situations. Permanent use. Etc. Information is reported by AtoN type and an overview of deployment by continent is provided. AtoN type/flag code refer to the ITU-R M Recommendation. 40

41 Satellite Data - Floating Aids Type of Utilization Virtual Flag 0 = Real AIS AtoN Virtual Flag 1 = Virtual AIS Aton Definition ATON Type Virtual Virtual Code Flag = 0 Flag = 1 Cardinal Mark N Cardinal Mark E Cardinal Mark S Cardinal Mark W Port hand Mark Starboard hand Mark Preferred Channel Port hand Preferred Channel Starboard hand Isolated danger Safe Water Special Mark TOTAL Light Vessel/LANBY/Rigs Total Floatings:

42 Satellite Data - Fixed Aids Type of utilization Virtual Flag 0 = Real AIS AtoN Virtual Flag 1 = Virtual AIS Aton Definition ATON Type Code Virtual Flag = 0 Virtual Flag = 1 Light, without sectors Light, with sectors Leading Light Front Leading Light Rear Beacon, Cardinal N Beacon, Cardinal E Beacon, Cardinal S Beacon, Cardinal W Beacon, Port hand Beacon, Starboard hand Beacon, Preferred Channel port hand Beacon, Preferred Channel starboard hand Beacon, Isolated danger Beacon, Safe water Beacon, Special mark Total Fixed:

43 Satellite Data - Other Utilization Virtual Flag 0 = Real AIS AtoN Virtual Flag 1 = Virtual AIS Aton Definition ATON Type Code Virtual Flag = 0 Virtual Flag = 1 TOTAL RACON Fixed structures off shore, such as oil platforms, wind farms Reference point Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy Default, Type of AtoN not specified

44 Satellite Data - MMSI Definition % TOTAL Valid MMSI (99201XXXX to 99775XXXX) Non valid MMSI All MMSI

45 Satellite Data Identification of Type Type of AtoN (Real, Synthetic (Monitored & Predicted), Virtual) was attributed according to the information provided in the few fields available, mainly Fixing Device and Virtual AtoN Flag. In some case, coding errors made by the original broadcaster impacted the results. For example, some synthetic AtoNs are illustrated as virtual because the Virtual AtoN Flag = 1. 45

46 Satellite Data Identification of Type Fixing Device Code and Virtual AtoN Flag used for each type of AtoN. 46

47 Satellite Data - North America Data source: exactearth Ltd., Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, I cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, Swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 47

48 Satellite Data - South America Data source: exactearth Ltd., Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, I cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, Swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 48

49 Satellite Data - Africa Data source: exactearth Ltd., Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, I cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, Swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 49

50 Satellite Data - Europe Data source: exactearth Ltd., Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, I cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, Swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 50

51 Satellite Data - Asia & Oceania Data source: exactearth Ltd., Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, I cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, Swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 51

52 Coding Issue Satellite Data Data source: exactearth Ltd.,

53 Canadian Coast Guard Base Quebec City 53