Model: Macro-Tech 3600VZ Some models may be exported under the name Amcron.

Transcription

1 LEVEL LEVEL ODEP SIGNAL/IOC 6 7 ON OFF 0 0 CH1 CH 0 0 ENABLE Model: Macro-Tech 600VZ Some models may be exported under the name Amcron by Crown International, Inc., P.O. Box 1000, Elkhart, IN U.S.A. Telephone: Fax: Macro-Tech amplifiers are produced by the Professional Audio Division of Crown International, Inc. Trademark Notice: SmartAmp and Grounded bridge are trademarks and Amcron, Crown, Macro-Tech, IOC, ODEP, IQ System, P.I.P. and TEF are registered trademarks of Crown International, Inc. Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. E10677 Applies to 10 VAC North American Units /97

2 YEAR THREE YEAR FULL WARRANTY YEAR WORLDWIDE SUMMARY OF WARRANTY The Crown Audio Division of Crown International, Inc., 1718 West Mishawaka Road, Elkhart, Indiana U.S.A. warrants to you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUBSEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown 1 product, for a period of three () years from the date of purchase by the original purchaser (the warranty period ) that the new Crown product is free of defects in materials and workmanship, and we further warrant the new Crown product regardless of the reason for failure, except as excluded in this Crown Warranty. 1 Note: If your unit bears the name Amcron, please substitute it for the name Crown in this warranty. ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS CROWN WARRANTY This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of a new Crown product which occurred within the Warranty Period. It does not cover any product which has been damaged because of any intentional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which is covered under any of your insurance contracts. This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the new Crown product if the serial number has been defaced, altered, or removed. WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO We will remedy any defect, regardless of the reason for failure (except as excluded), by repair, replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund unless you agree, or unless we are unable to provide replacement, and repair is not practical or cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then you must make the defective or malfunctioning product available to us free and clear of all liens or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal to the actual purchase price, not including interest, insurance, closing costs, and other finance charges less a reasonable depreciation on the product from the date of original purchase. Warranty work can only be performed at our authorized service centers. We will remedy the defect and ship the product from the service center within a reasonable time after receipt of the defective product at our authorized service center. HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE You must notify us of your need for warranty service not later than ninety (90) days after expiration of the warranty period. All components must be shipped in a factory pack. Corrective action will be taken within a reasonable time of the date of receipt of the defective product by our authorized service center. If the repairs made by our authorized service center are not satisfactory, notify our authorized service center immediately. DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND INCIDENTAL DAMAGES YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM US ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PRODUCT. THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM SUCH A DEFECT. WARRANTY ALTERATIONS No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty is not extended by the length of time which you are deprived of the use of the new Crown product. Repairs and replacement parts provided under the terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty. DESIGN CHANGES We reserve the right to change the design of any product from time to time without notice and with no obligation to make corresponding changes in products previously manufactured. LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be commenced later than ninety (90) days after expiration of the warranty period. THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES ANY OTHERS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR CROWN PRODUCTS. 9/90 Telephone: Facsimile: NORTH AMERICA SUMMARY OF WARRANTY The Crown Audio Division of Crown International, Inc., 1718 West Mishawaka Road, Elkhart, Indiana U.S.A. warrants to you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUBSEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown product, for a period of three () years from the date of purchase by the original purchaser (the warranty period ) that the new Crown product is free of defects in materials and workmanship. We further warrant the new Crown product regardless of the reason for failure, except as excluded in this Warranty. ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS CROWN WARRANTY This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of a new Crown product which occurred within the Warranty Period. It does not cover any product which has been damaged because of any intentional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which is covered under any of your insurance contracts. This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the new Crown product if the serial number has been defaced, altered, or removed. WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO We will remedy any defect, regardless of the reason for failure (except as excluded), by repair, replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund unless you agree, or unless we are unable to provide replacement, and repair is not practical or cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then you must make the defective or malfunctioning product available to us free and clear of all liens or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal to the actual purchase price, not including interest, insurance, closing costs, and other finance charges less a reasonable depreciation on the product from the date of original purchase. Warranty work can only be performed at our authorized service centers or at the factory. We will remedy the defect and ship the product from the service center or our factory within a reasonable time after receipt of the defective product at our authorized service center or our factory. All expenses in remedying the defect, including surface shipping costs in the United States, will be borne by us. (You must bear the expense of shipping the product between any foreign country and the port of entry in the United States and all taxes, duties, and other customs fees for such foreign shipments.) HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE You must notify us of your need for warranty service not later than ninety (90) days after expiration of the warranty period. All components must be shipped in a factory pack, which, if needed, may be obtained from us free of charge. Corrective action will be taken within a reasonable time of the date of receipt of the defective product by us or our authorized service center. If the repairs made by us or our authorized service center are not satisfactory, notify us or our authorized service center immediately. DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND INCIDENTAL DAMAGES YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM US ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PRODUCT. THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM SUCH A DEFECT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATIONS OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. WARRANTY ALTERATIONS No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty is not extended by the length of time which you are deprived of the use of the new Crown product. Repairs and replacement parts provided under the terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty. DESIGN CHANGES We reserve the right to change the design of any product from time to time without notice and with no obligation to make corresponding changes in products previously manufactured. LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER THIS CROWN WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be commenced later than ninety (90) days after expiration of the warranty period. THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES ANY OTHERS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR CROWN PRODUCTS. Telephone: Facsimile: /90

3 The information furnished in this manual does not include all of the details of design, production, or variations of the equipment. Nor does it cover every possible situation which may arise during installation, operation or maintenance. If your unit bears the name Amcron, please substitute it for the name Crown in this manual. If you need special assistance beyond the scope of this manual, please contact our Technical Support Group. Crown Audio Division Technical Support Group Plant SW, 1718 W. Mishawaka Rd., Elkhart, Indiana 6517 U.S.A. Phone: (North America, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands) or Fax: Fax Back (North America only): or Fax Back (International): Internet: IMPORTANT CLASS 1 OUTPUT WIRING REQUIRED. COMPLY WITH LOCAL ELECTRICAL CODES WHEN WIRING THIS DEVICE. C A U T I O N RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT REMOVE TOP OR BOTTOM COVERS. NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSON- NEL. DISCONNECT POWER CORD BEFORE REMOVING REAR INPUT MODULE TO ACCESS GAIN SWITCH. A V I S RISQUE DE CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE N OUVREZ PAS À PRÉVENIR LE CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE N ENLEVEZ PAS LES COUVERCLES. IL N Y A PAS DES PARTIES SERVICEABLE À L INTÉRIEUR. TOUS REPARATIONS DOIT ETRE FAIRE PAR PERSONNEL QUALIFIÉ SEULMENT. DÉBRANCHER LA BORNE AVANT D OUVRIR LA MODULE EN ARRIÈRE. WARNING TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE! Magnetic Field CAUTION! Do not locate sensitive high-gain equipment such as preamplifiers or tape decks directly above or below the unit. Because this amplifier has a high power density, it has a strong magnetic field which can induce hum into unshielded devices that are located nearby. The field is strongest just above and below the unit. If an equipment rack is used, we recommend locating the amplifier(s) in the bottom of the rack and the preamplifier or other sensitive equipment at the top. The lightning bolt triangle is used to alert the user to the risk of electric shock. The exclamation point triangle is used to alert the user to important operating or maintenance instructions. Printed on recycled paper.

4 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier CONTENTS 1 Welcome Unpacking Features... 7 Facilities... 8 Installation Mounting Cooling Wiring Stereo (Two-Channel) Operation Bridge-Mono Operation Parallel-Mono Operation Input Connection Output Connection Additional Load Protection AC Power Requirements Operation Precautions Indicators Protection Circuits Output Device Emulation Protection (ODEP) Standby Mode Transformer Thermal Protection Circuit Breaker Controls....5 Filter Cleaning... 5 Technical Information Overview VZ Power Background The VZ Supply Circuit Theory Stereo Operation Bridge-Mono Operation Parallel-Mono Operation Specifications AC Power Draw and Thermal Dissipation Accessories P.I.P. Modules Level Control Security Kit Service Worldwide Service North American Service Service at a North American Service Center Factory Service... 9 Page

5 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier ILLUSTRATIONS 1.1 Macro-Tech 600VZ Amplifier Front Facilities Rear Facilities Mounting Dimensions Top View of a Rack-Mounted Unit Proper Air Flow in a Rack Cabinet Stereo Wiring Bridge-Mono Wiring Parallel-Mono Wiring Unbalanced Input Wiring Balanced Input Wiring Balanced and Unbalanced Phone Plugs Subsonic Filter Capacitors Unbalanced RFI Filters Balanced RFI Filters Wire Size Nomograph Inductive Load (Transformer) Network Loudspeaker Fuse Nomograph Indicators Macro-Tech Indicator States Input Sensitivity and Ground Lift Switches A Typical Power Supply Music Waveforms are Complex VZ Supply in Parallel Mode VZ Supply in Series Mode Circuit Block Diagram Minimum Power Matrix Maximum Power Matrix Typical Frequency Response Typical Damping Factor Typical Output Impedance Typical Phase Response Typical Crosstalk Power Draw, Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation Installing a P.I.P. Module Installing an MA-LOCK Level Control Shaft Lock... 8 Page 5

6 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier LEVEL ODEP LEVEL SIGNAL/IOC 6 7 ON OFF 0 0 CH1 CH 0 0 ENABLE Fig. 1.1 Macro-Tech 600VZ Amplifier 1 Welcome Congratulations on your purchase of the Macro-Tech 600VZ professional power amplifier. It is the first audio amplifier to offer Crown s patented Variable Impedance (VZ) power supplies. The new power supplies, along with new semiconductor technology, enable the Macro-Tech 600VZ to pack more power into a mere 1 inches of vertical rack space than ever before. Because it s a Macro-Tech, you have the added benefit of P.I.P. compatibility for access to custom input modules and ODEP protection to keep the show going long after other amplifiers would fail (see the Section 8 for available input modules). This manual will help you successfully install and use your new amplifier. We strongly recommend you read all instructions, warnings and cautions contained within. Be sure to read Sections.. and.. if you plan to use the amplifier in one of its two mono modes. Also for your protection, please send in your warranty registration card today and save your bill of sale since it is your official proof of purchase. 1.1 Unpacking Please unpack and inspect your new amplifier for any damage that may have occurred during transit. If damage is found, notify the transportation company immediately. Only you, the consignee, may initiate a claim with the carrier for damage resulting during shipment. Crown will be happy to cooperate fully as needed. Save the shipping carton as evidence of damage for the shipper s inspection. Even if the unit arrived in perfect condition, as most do, save all packing materials so you will have them if you ever need to transport the unit. NEVER SHIP THE UNIT WITHOUT THE FACTORY PACK. Page 6

7 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier 1. Features The Macro-Tech 600VZ amplifier uses the latest technology and miniaturized design to deliver the highest power and value for its size, weight and price. Crown s grounded bridge output and patented ODEP protection circuitry combine to provide performance and reliability that surpass all conventional amplifier designs. Macro-Tech amplifiers also have an independent high voltage power supply for each channel. This design provides ultra-low crosstalk specifications and makes it possible to treat each channel as a separate amplifier. Features: Crown s grounded bridge circuitry generates incredible voltage swings while avoiding stressful output transistor configurations common to conventional amplifiers. The results are lower distortion and superior reliability. Patented ODEP (Output Device Emulation Protection) circuitry compensates for overheating and overload to keep the amplifier working long after others would fail. IOC (Input/Output Comparator) circuitry immediately alerts of any distortion exceeding 0.05%, providing dynamic proof of performance. P.I.P. (Programmable Input Processor) connector accepts accessories that tailor your amplifier to suit individual applications. Two mono modes (Bridge-Mono and Parallel-Mono) for driving a wide range of load impedances. Very low harmonic and intermodulation distortion result in the best dynamic transfer function in the industry. High damping factor provides superior control over low frequency drivers for a clean, accurate low end. An articulated VZ power supply for each channel provides excellent crosstalk characteristics and the best power matching to your load. Full protection against shorted outputs, open circuits, mismatched loads, general overheating, high frequency overloads and internal faults; loudspeaker protection against low frequency and DC output. Extra rugged, extruded aluminum front panel with ODEP and Signal Presence/IOC indicators for each channel, as well as an Enable Indicator. Separate voltage supplies for each channel provide low crosstalk and improved reliability. Efficient heat sinks and a self-contained forced air cooling system dissipate heat quickly and evenly to prevent overheating, prolong component life and deliver greater power output. Balanced inputs and adjustable front panel level controls. 1 detents in the level controls reduce the likelihood of settings being inadvertently disturbed. Ground lift switch to isolate chassis and phone jack audio input grounds. Multiple dual binding posts provide easy and versatile output connection. Internal three position input sensitivity switch provides settings of volts and 1. volts for rated output, and 6 db voltage gain. Mounts in a standard 19 inch (8. cm) equipment rack with rear support, or units can be stacked. All specifications are guaranteed for the duration of the warranty period. Units in North America and other select countries are covered by a three year No-Fault full warranty which completely protects your investment and guarantees its specifications. Page 7

8 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier LEVEL ODEP LEVEL SIGNAL/IOC ON OFF 0 0 CH1 CH 0 0 ENABLE A B C D D C B E F Fig..1 Front Facilities Facilities A. Dust Filter The dust filters remove large particles from the air at the air intake. Check filters regularly to be sure they do not become clogged. The filter elements can be easily removed for cleaning by gently pulling them away from the front panel (see Sections. and.5). B. Level Controls The level for each channel is set with these convenient controls mounted on the front panel. Each level control has 1 detents for precise adjustment (see Section.). A security option is available to prevent tampering (see Section 8.). C. Signal / IOC Indicators The presence of an audio signal and the distortion level of each channel is represented by these green multifunction indicators. As signal presence indicators, they flash with normal intensity in sync with the output audio signal to indicate its presence. As IOC (Input/Output Comparator) indicators, they compare the waveform of the input signal to that of the output. They flash brightly with a 0.1 second hold delay if there is a difference (or distortion) of 0.05% or more. Another IOC function is to indicate input overload. If the input signal is too large the indicators will flash brightly (with a 0.5 second hold delay) to indicate input clipping distortion. Note: The Channel IOC indicator will stay on in Parallel-Mono mode (refer to Section.). D. ODEP Indicators During normal operation of the Output Device Emulation Protection circuitry, these indicators glow brightly to show the presence of reserve thermodynamic energy. They dim proportionally as energy reserves decrease. In the event that energy reserves are depleted, the indicators turn off and ODEP proportionally limits output drive so the amplifier can safely continue to operate even under severe conditions. These indicators can also help to identify more unusual operating problems (see Section.). E. Enable Indicator This indicator lights when the amplifier has been enabled or turned on, and AC power is available (see Section.). F. Enable Switch Depress this push-button to turn the amplifier on or off. When turned on, the output is muted for approximately four seconds to protect your system from start-up transients. (This delay can be changed. Contact the Crown Technical Support Group for details.) G. Power Cord All 10 VAC, 60 Hz North American units include a NEMA TT0P plug. These units also include 0-amp (10 AWG) line cord. Other units are equipped with a power cord and plug that is appropriate for the voltage requirements of the amplifier. H. Stereo/Mono Switch The three operating modes of this amplifier are controlled by this switch. Stereo mode is available for normal two-channel operation. Bridge-Mono mode is available to drive a single load with an impedance equal to or greater than ohms. Parallel-Mono mode is Page 8

9 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier 10 VAC / 60 Hz / 0 A TO RESET FX CH- CH-1 IMPORTANT: CLASS 1 OUTPUT WIRING REQUIRED. MAXIMUM OUTPUT: 1800 WATTS PER CHANNEL INTO OHMS AT 1 KHz WITH NO MORE THAN 0.1% THD. INTERNATIONAL, INC. ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT ELKHART, IN 6517 MADE IN U.S.A SERIAL NUMBER REG. U.S. PAT. OFF.,0,809,611,180,788,5 PARALLEL MONO 100 VAC / 0 A / Hz 10 VAC / 0 A / Hz 0 VAC / 10 A / Hz STEREO BRIDGE MONO CAUTION: TURN OFF AMPLIFIER BEFORE CHANGING THIS SWITCH! Programmable Input Processor (P.I.P.) INPUT THIS AMPLIFIER IS EQUIPPED WITH SELECTABLE INPUT SENSITIVITY. REMOVE P.I.P. MODULE TO ACCESS SENSITIVITY SWITCH. CH- INPUTS CH-1 BALANCED UNBALANCED INPUT WIRING INPUT WIRING TIP TIP RING INPUT GROUND LIFT GND SLEEVE LIFT (MONO) GND SLEEVE (AFFECTS PHONE INPUTS ONLY.) INPUT GND 1 CH- OUTPUT BRIDGE-MONO WIRING 1 TURN AMPLIFIER OFF. SET STEREO/MONO SWITCH TO BRIDGE-MONO. OUTPUT ACROSS RED TERMINALS ONLY. (CH-1 IS POSITIVE.) WARNING: PROTECTIVE COVER MUST BE IN PLACE OVER OUTPUT TERM- CH-1 OUTPUT INALS BEFORE OPER- ATING AMPLIFIER. PARALLEL-MONO WIRING 1 TURN AMPLIFIER OFF. SET STEREO/MONO SWITCH TO PARALLEL-MONO. ADD JUMPER (1 GAGE OR LARGER) ACROSS RED TERMINALS. OUTPUT ACROSS CH-1 TERMINALS ONLY. G H I J K L M K M N N N N Fig.. Rear Facilities available to drive a single load with an impedance less than ohms. Important: Do NOT change this switch unless the amplifier is first turned off (see Section.). I. Reset Buttons ( TO RESET) These reset buttons are used to reset the breakers that safeguard the power supplies from overload (see Section.). J. P.I.P. Module Versatile Programmable Input Processor modules provide flexible expansion features that can be added to customize the amplifier. P.I.P. modules plug into the connector inside the back panel of the amplifier. A P.I.P. module s input connectors are placed in parallel with the input phone jacks. The P.I.P.-FX is included as a standard feature to provide balanced XLR inputs. It has no internal circuitry and can be used along with the input phone jacks to facilitate daisy chaining multiple amplifiers. See Section 8 for a list of available P.I.P. modules. K. Balanced Phone Jack Inputs A balanced ¼ inch phone jack is provided for input to each channel. They may be used with either balanced (tip, ring and sleeve) or unbalanced (tip and sleeve) input wiring (refer to Section.). Because these inputs are in parallel with the P.I.P. connector, they should not be used as inputs if the installed P.I.P. has active circuitry. Caution: The Channel input should NOT be used in either mono mode. L. Ground Lift Switch The input signal ground may be isolated from the AC ground with this switch to help prevent the hum created by unwanted ground loops. It affects only the input phone jacks. It has no affect on the P.I.P. module s XLR input connectors. Activating the switch inserts an impedance between the sleeve of each phone input jack and the circuit ground. M. Balanced XLR Inputs A balanced -pin female XLR connector is provided for input to each channel by the P.I.P.-FX, a standard feature of your amplifier. The XLR connectors are in parallel with the amplifier s phone jacks. Because there is no active circuitry on the P.I.P., the XLR connectors can be used at the same time as the phone input jacks for daisy chaining multiple amplifiers. Caution: The Channel input should NOT be used in either mono mode. N. Output Jacks Two pairs of dual binding posts are provided for the output of each channel so multiple loudspeakers can be connected easily. The connectors accept bare wire or spade lugs. Input Sensitivity Switch The three position input sensitivity switch inside the amplifier can be accessed by removing the P.I.P. module. Settings include volts and 1. volts for rated output, and 6 db voltage gain (see Section.). Page 9

10 LEVEL LEVEL ODEP SIGNAL/IOC CH1 CH 0 0 ENABLE ON OFF Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier Installation.1 Mounting Macro-Tech amplifiers are designed for standard 19 inch (8. cm) rack mounting and stack mounting without a cabinet. In a rack cabinet, it is best to mount them one on top of the other. This provides efficient air flow and enables each unit to support the one above. Important: Due to its weight, the back of the amplifier should be supported. 19 in 8. cm SIDE VIEW 16 in 0.6 cm Fig..1 Mounting Dimensions.5 in 6.5 cm.5 in 8.9 cm. Cooling NEVER block the amplifier s side vents and front air intake. Under demanding conditions, there should be a minimum air flow of 5 cubic feet (1. cubic meters) per minute per amplifier. When mounted in a rack, all empty spaces should be covered with blank panels to prevent improper air flow. The amplifier s air flow should be augmented with a rack cooling system if its load is less than ohms and it must operate at consistently high output levels as in concert sound reinforcement. When mounting the amplifier in a rack cabinet, the side walls of the rack should be at least inches (5 cm) away from the chassis as shown in Figure.. Tip: An easy way to verify adequate cooling is to observe the ODEP indicators with the amplifier operating under worst-case conditions. If the indicators dim, additional cooling is recommended. If your rack cabinet has a front door that could block air flow to the amplifier s air intakes, you must provide adequate air flow either with a grille in the door or by pressurizing the air behind the door. Wire grilles are recommended over perforated panels because they have larger openings and cause less restriction. A good choice for increased air flow behind a rack cabinet door is to mount one or more squirrel cage blowers in the rack (Option 1 below). The blower is mounted at the bottom of the rack so it blows outside air into the space between the door and the front of the amplifiers. This blower should not blow air into or take air out of the space behind the amplifiers. For racks without a door, mount a blower at the top of the rack so air is drawn out the back (Option below). The blower must provide air flow that exceeds the sum of the air flow required by the individual amplifiers. AIR FLOW BLOWER (OPTION ) FRONT OF RACK DOOR 17 in. cm IMPORTANT: Be sure rear of amplifier is securely mounted to rack. EQUIPMENT RACK (SIDE VIEW) 16 in 0.6 cm AIR FLOW AMPLIFIER (TOP VIEW) AIR FLOW AIR FLOW BLOWER (OPTION 1) Page 10 in (5 cm) MIN. AIR FLOW Fig.. Top View of a Rack-Mounted Unit RACK CABINET Fig.. Proper Air Flow in a Rack Cabinet If the air supply is unusually dusty, it may be necessary pre-filter it using commercial furnace filters, etc., to prevent rapid loading of the unit s own air filter. When needed, the unit s filter can be cleaned with mild dish detergent and water (see Section.5).

11 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier. Wiring The following section describes common ways to install your amplifier in a sound system. The input and output terminals are located on the rear panel. Please use care when making connections, selecting signal sources and controlling the output level. The load you save may be your own! Crown assumes no liability for damaged loads resulting from careless amplifier use or deliberate overpowering. CAUTION: Always remove power from the unit and turn the level controls off when making or breaking connections especially if the load is a loudspeaker system. This reduces the chance of loud blasts or damaged loudspeakers. Macro-Tech amplifiers may be operated in one of three modes (Stereo, Bridge-Mono, and Parallel-Mono) by switching the Stereo/Mono switch on the rear panel. There are VERY IMPORTANT wiring differences between these three modes which are discussed next...1 Stereo (Two-Channel) Operation The installation is very intuitive in Stereo mode. The input of Channel 1 feeds the output of the same channel as does the input of Channel. To put the amplifier into Stereo mode, first turn the amplifier off, then slide the Stereo/Mono switch to the center position, and properly connect the output wiring as shown in Figure.. Two sets of binding posts are provided for each channel to facilitate easy connection of multiple speakers to each channel. Observe correct loudspeaker polarity and be very careful not to short the outputs of one channel to that of the other channel while in Stereo mode. CAUTION: In Stereo mode, never parallel the two outputs by directly tying them together or paralleling them with the output of any other amplifier. Such connection does not result in increased power output and can cause premature activation of the protection circuitry to prevent overheating. CHANNEL LOUDSPEAKERS CHANNEL 1 MIXER CHANNEL CHANNEL 1 LOUDSPEAKERS FX CH- CH-1 INPUT INPUT CH- OUTPUT CH-1 OUTPUT CH- INPUTS CH-1 STEREO PARALLEL MONO BRIDGE MONO (MONO) Macro-Tech 600VZ PARALLEL MONO STEREO BRIDGE MONO CAUTION: TURN OFF AMPLIFIER BEFORE CHANGING THIS SWITCH! STEREO MODE Fig.. Stereo Wiring Page 11

12 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier.. Bridge-Mono Operation Bridge-Mono mode is intended for driving loads with a net impedance of ohms or greater. (See Parallel- Mono if the load is less than ohms.) Installing the amplifier in Bridge-Mono mode is very different from the other modes and requires special attention. To put the amplifier in Bridge-Mono mode, turn the amplifier off and slide the Stereo/Mono switch toward the right (as you face the back of the amplifier). Both outputs receive the signal from Channel 1 with the output of Channel inverted so it can be bridged with the Channel 1 output. DO NOT USE THE CHANNEL IN- PUT or the signal level and quality may be greatly degraded. Keep the Level control of Channel turned completely down (counterclockwise). Note: The input jack and level control for Channel are not defeated in Bridge-Mono mode. Any signal fed into Channel may work against and add to or distort the signal in Channel 1. Connect the load across the Channel 1 and red binding posts with the positive lead from the load attaching to a red post of Channel 1 and the negative lead of the load attaching to a red post of Channel as shown in Figure.5. THE TWO BLACK BINDING POSTS ARE NOT USED AND SHOULD NOT BE SHORTED. The load must be balanced (neither side shorted to ground). CAUTION: Be certain all equipment (meters, switches, etc.) connected to the mono output is balanced. To prevent oscillations, both sides of the line must be isolated from the input grounds. USE ONLY CHANNEL 1 INPUT MIXER LOUDSPEAKER DO NOT USE CHANNEL INPUTS. FX CH- INPUT CH-1 INPUT CH- OUTPUT CH-1 OUTPUT DO NOT USE BLACK BINDING POSTS. CH- INPUTS CH-1 STEREO PARALLEL MONO BRIDGE MONO (MONO) Macro-Tech 600VZ PARALLEL MONO STEREO BRIDGE MONO CAUTION: TURN OFF AMPLIFIER BEFORE CHANGING THIS SWITCH! BRIDGE-MONO MODE Fig..5 Bridge-Mono Wiring Page 1

13 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier.. Parallel-Mono Operation Parallel-Mono mode is used to drive loads with a total impedance of less than ohms. (See Bridge-Mono if the load is ohms or greater.) Installing the amplifier in Parallel-Mono mode is very different from the other modes and requires special attention. CAUTION: Do not attempt to operate in Stereo or Bridge-Mono mode until the Parallel-Mono jumper is first removed. Failure to do so will definitely cause inefficient operation, high distortion and excessive heating. To put the amplifier in Parallel-Mono mode, first turn it off, then slide the Stereo/Mono switch to the left (as you face the back). Connect the input signal to Channel 1 only. DO NOT USE THE CHANNEL INPUT or the signal level and quality may degrade greatly. Turn off the Channel Level control (full counterclockwise). Note: It is normal for the IOC indicator of Channel to stay on in Parallel-Mono mode. The input jack and Level control of Channel are not defeated in Parallel-Mono mode. Any signal fed into Channel may work against and add to or distort the signal in Channel 1. Install a jumper wire between the red binding posts of both Channel 1 and that is at least 1 gauge in size. Then, connect the load to the output of Channel 1 as shown in Figure.6. The positive lead from the load connects to the red binding post of Channel 1 and the negative lead from the load connects to the black binding post of Channel 1. CAUTION: Remove the jumper wire before changing to any mode except Parallel-Mono. USE ONLY CHANNEL 1 INPUT MIXER DO NOT USE CHANNEL INPUTS. ADD A 1 GAUGE (OR LARGER) JUMPER BETWEEN THE CHANNEL 1 AND RED BINDING POSTS. LOUDSPEAKER FX CH- CH-1 INPUT INPUT CH- OUTPUT CH-1 OUTPUT CH- INPUTS CH-1 STEREO PARALLEL MONO BRIDGE MONO (MONO) Macro-Tech 600VZ PARALLEL MONO STEREO BRIDGE MONO CAUTION: TURN OFF AMPLIFIER BEFORE CHANGING THIS SWITCH! PARALLEL-MONO MODE Fig..6 Parallel-Mono Wiring Page 1

14 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier.. Input Connection Both the balanced XLR and phone jack inputs have a nominal impedance of 0 K ohms (10 K ohms with unbalanced wiring) and will accept the line-level output of most devices. Female XLR input connectors are provided on the standard P.I.P.-FX input module (other P.I.P. modules are described in Section 8.1). Correct input wiring will depend on two factors: (1) whether the input signals are balanced or unbalanced, and () whether the signal source floats or has a ground reference. Figures.7 and.8 show the recommended connection techniques for each type of signal source. The amplifier s built-in ¼-inch phone jack input connectors can be wired similarly for balanced or unbalanced, floating or ground-referenced sources. They have a standard tip-ring-sleeve (TRS) configuration: Floating source Output Grounded source Output Floating source Output Grounded source Output Shield connected to ground terminal -wire line cord (or battery power) Shield is not connected at this end -wire grounded line cord (or other ground connection) -wire line cord (or battery power) INPUT Shield connected to both negative () and ground input terminals -wire grounded line cord (or other ground connection) INPUT INPUT INPUT Input ground terminal not used Twin-lead shielded cable Single-conductor coax or twisted pair Floating source Output Grounded source Output Note: If two or more channels with the same input ground reference are driven from the same floating source, connect only one shield to the source chassis. -wire line cord (or battery power) Shield not connected at this end -wire grounded line cord (or other ground connection) INPUT Fig..8 Balanced Input Wiring the tip is positive (), the ring is negative () and the sleeve is ground (see Figure.9). Wiring for various sources follows the XLR wiring guidelines shown in Figures.7 and.8. The phone jacks should not be used as inputs when a P.I.P. module with active circuitry is installed. The phone jacks are in parallel with the output of the P.I.P. module, so an input signal connected to the phone jacks can feed backwards into the active circuitry of the P.I.P. and cause undesirable distortion. You can use the phone jacks for signal input with any of the following P.I.P. modules installed: P.I.P.-FX, P.I.P.-BB, P.I.P.-FMX, P.I.P.- FXQ and P.I.P.-FPX. All other P.I.P. modules have active circuitry and should not be installed if you plan to connect input signals to the phone jacks. The phone jacks can always be used as daisy chain outputs to feed post-processed signals from the P.I.P. to the inputs of other amplifiers. Please follow the instruction in Section.. and.. if the amplifier will be used in either Bridge-Mono or Parallel-Mono mode. Remember, do not use the Channel input in either mono mode. SHIELD INPUT BALANCED 1 1 UNBALANCED SHIELD Fig..7 Unbalanced Input Wiring Fig..9 Balanced and Unbalanced Phone Plugs Page 1

15 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier SOLVING INPUT PROBLEMS Sometimes large subsonic (subaudible) frequencies are present in the input signal. These can damage loudspeakers by overloading or overheating them. To attenuate such frequencies, place a capacitor in series with the input signal line. The graph in Figure.10 shows some capacitor values and how they affect the frequency response. Use only low-leakage paper, mylar or tantalum capacitors. db 0 A B C Balanced In Balanced In Balanced In 910 Ω 910 Ω 1.8 mh 1.8 mh.5 mh.5 mh.00 µf.015 µf.018 µf Balanced Out Balanced Out Balanced Out µ f.1 µ f.05 µ f.01 µ f D 0.7 Film 1.8 mh.015 Balanced In µf 0.7 Film 1.8 mh Balanced Out 1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 khz 10 khz Fig..10 Subsonic Filter Capacitors Another problem to avoid is the presence of large levels of radio frequencies or RF in the input signal. Although high RF levels may not pose a threat to the amplifier, they can burn out tweeters or other loads that are sensitive to high frequencies. Extremely high RF levels can also cause your amplifier to prematurely activate its protection circuitry, resulting in inefficient operation. RF can be introduced into the signal by local radio stations and from the bias signal of many tape recorders. To prevent high levels of input RF, install an appropriate low-pass filter in series with the the input signal. Some examples of unbalanced wiring for low-pass filters are shown in Figure K ohm.00 Source µf R 600 ohm Source A.9 mh B 5 mh.015 µ f.018 µ f To Amp GND To Amp GND To Amp Frequency 1 db/octave Fig..11 Unbalanced RFI Filters For balanced input wiring use one of the examples in Figure.1. Filters A, B and C correspond to the unbalanced filters above. Filter D also incorporates the subsonic filter described previously. C 6 db/octave R 600 ohm Source GND C khz 10 khz 0 khz 100 khz Note: A low source impedance (R) can be increased to 600 ohms with an appropriate resistor. Frequency B A db Fig..1 Balanced RFI Filters Tip: The P.I.P.-FX included with your amplifier has plenty of room on its circuit board for input filters. A third problem to avoid is hum. The two most common sources of hum in an audio system are inductive coupling and ground loops. Inductive coupling can occur when input cables are subjected to a magnetic field from a power cord or power transformer. One way to prevent inductive coupling is to lace the input cables together along their length and route them as far away as possible from power transformers and power cords. The use of Input Wiring Tips 1. Use only shielded cable. Cables with higher density shields are better. Spiral wrapped shield is not recommended.. When using unbalanced lines, keep the cables as short as possible. Avoid cable lengths greater than 10 feet ( meters).. Do not run signal cables together with high-level wiring such as loudspeaker wires or AC cords. This greatly lessens the chance of hum or noise being induced into the input cables.. Turn the entire system off before changing connections. Turn level controls down completely before powering the system back up. Crown is not liable for damage incurred when any transducer or component is overdriven. Page 15

16 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier shielded pair cable is another effective way to reduce or eliminate hum resulting from inductive coupling. Ground loops often result when two or more devices are improperly grounded. This causes undesirable stray currents that may produce hum in the output. The best way to avoid ground loops is to ensure that all system devices are plugged into the same power strip. In addition, make sure that all cable shields are grounded at one end only. Input and output grounds are sometimes tied together for testing or metering. This can cause feedback oscillation from load current in the test loop. In some systems, even the AC power line may provide this feedback path. Proper grounding, input isolation and isolation of common AC devices in the system is good practice...5 Output Connection Consider the power handling capacity of your load before connecting it to the amplifier. Crown is not liable for damage incurred at any time due to overpowering. Fusing loudspeaker lines is highly recommended (see Section..6). Also, please pay close attention to the precautions provided in Section.1. Use Good Connectors 1. To prevent possible shorts, do not expose the loudspeaker cable connectors.. Do not use connectors that might accidentally tie two channels together when making or breaking connections (for example, a standard three-wire stereo phone plug).. Connectors that can be plugged into AC power receptacles should never be used.. Connectors with low current-carrying capacity should not be used. 5. Connectors with any tendency to short should never be used. resistance increases. This is very important because the amplifier s excellent damping factor can easily be negated by insufficient loudspeaker cables. Use the nomograph in Figure.1 and the procedure that follows to find the recommended wire gauge (AWG or American Wire Gauge) for your system R L LOAD RESISTANCE (ohms) R L R S DAMPING FACTOR 0,000 10,000 5,000,000 1, R S SOURCE RESISTANCE (ohms) -COND. CABLE (feet) (ohms/1000 ft.) Example Shown: R L = 8 ohms; R S = ohms or D.F. = 500; Cable Length = 10 ft.; answer: #8 wire COPPER WIRE (AWG) #8 #6 # # #0 #18 #16 #1 #1 #10 #8 #6 # # #0 #00 # HOW TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE WIRE GAUGE It is important to use loudspeaker cables with sufficient gauge (thickness) for the length being used. The resistance introduced by inadequate loudspeaker cables will reduce both the output power and the motion control of the loudspeakers. The latter problem occurs because the damping factor decreases as the cable Page Fig..1 Wire Size Nomograph

17 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier 1. Note the load resistance of the loudspeakers connected to each channel of the amplifier. Mark this value on the Load Resistance line of the nomograph.. Select an acceptable damping factor and mark it on the Damping Factor line. Your amplifier can provide an excellent damping factor of 1,000 from 10 to 00 Hz in Stereo mode with an 8-ohm load. In contrast, typical damping factors are 50 or lower. Higher damping factors yield lower distortion and greater motion control over the loudspeakers. A common damping factor for commercial applications is between 50 and 100. Higher damping factors may be desirable for live sound, but long cable lengths often limit the highest damping factor that can be achieved practically. (Under these circumstances, Crown s IQ System is often used so amplifiers can be monitored and controlled when they are located very near the loudspeakers.) In recording studios and home hi-fi, a damping factor of 500 or more is very desirable.. Draw a line through the two points with a pencil, and continue until it intersects the Source Resistance line.. On the -Cond. Cable line, mark the length of the cable run. 5. Draw a pencil line from the mark on the Source Resistance line through the mark on the -Cond. Cable line, and on to intersect the Annealed Copper Wire line. 6. The required wire gauge for the selected wire length and damping factor is the value on the Annealed Copper Wire line. Note: Wire size increases as the AWG gets smaller. 7. If the size of the cable exceeds what you want to use, (1) find a way to use shorter cables, like using the IQ System, () settle for a lower damping factor, or () use more than one cable for each line. Options 1 and will require the substitution of new values for cable length or damping factor in the nomograph. For option, estimate the effective wire gauge by subtracting from the apparent wire gauge every time the number of conductors of equal gauge is doubled. So, if #10 wire is too large, two #1 wires can be substituted, or four #16 wires can be used for the same effect. SOLVING OUTPUT PROBLEMS Sometimes high-frequency oscillations occur which can cause your amplifier to prematurely activate its protection circuitry and result in inefficient operation. The effects of this problem are similar to the effects of the RF problem described in Section... To prevent high-frequency oscillations: 1. Lace together the loudspeaker conductors for each channel; do not lace together the conductors from different channels. This minimizes the chance that cables will act like antennas and transmit or receive high frequencies that can cause oscillation.. Avoid using shielded loudspeaker cable.. Avoid long cable runs where the loudspeaker cables from different amplifiers share a common cable tray or cable jacket.. Never connect the amplifier s input and output grounds together. 5. Never tie the outputs of multiple amplifiers together. 6. Keep loudspeaker cables well separated from input cables. 7. Install a low-pass filter on each input line (similar to the RF filters described in Section Install input wiring according to the instructions in Section... Another problem to avoid is the presence of large subsonic currents when primarily inductive loads are used. Examples of inductive loads are 70-volt transformers and electrostatic loudspeakers. Inductive loads can appear as a short circuit at low frequencies. This can cause the amplifier to produce large low-frequency currents and activate its protection circuitry. Always take the precaution of installing a high-pass filter in series with the amplifier s input when inductive loads are used. A -pole, 18 db per octave filter with a db frequency of 50 Hz is recommended (depending on the application, an even higher db frequency may be desirable). Such a filter is described with subsonic frequency problems in Section... Another way to prevent the amplifier from prematurely activating its protection systems and to protect inductive loads from large low-frequency currents is to connect a 590 to 708 µf nonpolarized capacitor and -ohm, 0-watt resistor in series with the amplifier s output and the positive () lead of the transformer. The circuit shown below uses components that are available from most electronic supply stores. From Amplifier Output -ohm, 0-watt Resistor 590 to 708 µf Capacitor 10 VAC, N.P. Inductive Load Fig..1 Inductive Load (Transformer) Network Page 17

18 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier..6 Additional Load Protection Because the amplifier generates enormous power, it may be desirable to protect loudspeakers (or other sensitive loads) from damage due to excessive power. A common way to do this is to put a fuse in series with the load. This may be accomplished by using a single fuse to protect the entire system, or by fusing each driver. Fuses help prevent damage due to prolonged overload, but provide essentially no protection against damage from large transients. To minimize this latter problem, use high-speed instrument fuses such as the Littlefuse series. If the loudspeaker is only susceptible to damage caused by prolonged overload (such as overheating), use a fuse or circuit breaker having the same slow thermal response as the loudspeaker itself (such as a slow-blow fuse). The nomograph in Figure.15 shows fuse size versus loudspeaker peak power rating. It can be used to determine the size of the required fuse...7 AC Power Requirements Use an isolated power receptacle whenever possible with adequate current. North American units are shipped with a 0 amp (10 AWG) line cord, a NEMA TT0P plug and a NEMA TT0R receptacle. International units are shipped without a plug connected to the appropriate line cord. Line voltages of 10% or more above the specified voltage may damage the amplifier LOUDSPEAKER IMPEDANCE (ohms) Example: Impedance = 8 ohms. Peak Power = 75 W Answer: Fuse = 1.5 A FUSE (amps) LOUDSPEAKER RATING PEAK MUSIC POWER (watts) (Typically times the continuous average power) Fig..15 Loudspeaker Fuse Nomograph Page 18

19 Macro-Tech 600VZ Power Amplifier Operation.1 Precautions Although the Macro-Tech 600VZ is protected from external faults, the following precautions should be followed for safety and optimum operation: 1. There are important differences among the Stereo, Bridge-Mono and Parallel-Mono operating modes (see Section.).. WARNING: Do not change the position of the Stereo/Mono switch unless the amplifier is first turned off.. CAUTION: In Parallel-Mono mode, a jumper is used between the Channel 1 and Channel red binding posts (amplifier outputs). Be sure to remove this jumper for Bridge-Mono or Stereo mode; otherwise inefficient operation, high distortion and excessive heating will occur. Check the Stereo/Mono switch on the back panel for proper position.. Turn the amplifier off and unplug it from the AC mains before removing a P.I.P. card. 5. Use care when making connections, selecting signal sources and controlling the output level. The load you save may be your own. 6. Do not short the ground lead of an output cable to the input signal ground. This may form a ground loop and cause oscillations. 7. Operate the amplifier from AC mains of not more than 10% variation above or below the selected line voltage and only the specified line frequency. 8. Never connect the output to a power supply output, battery or power main. 9. Tampering in the circuit by unqualified personnel, or making unauthorized circuit changes may be extremely dangerous and may invalidate the warranty. Remember: Crown is not liable for damage that results from overdriving components in your system.. Indicators The front panel has several helpful LED (light emitting diode) indicators. The amber Enable indicator is provided to show the amplifier has been turned on (or enabled) and that the low-voltage power supply is working. It does not indicate the high voltage supply status. As a result, disruption of the high voltage supplies has no effect on the LEVEL LEVEL ODEP SIGNAL/IOC CH1 CH 0 0 ENABLE Fig..1 Indicators Enable indicator. This means that in the improbable event that one or both channels overheat and cause a shut down of the high voltage power supply, the Enable indicator will remain on. However, the Signal/IOC indicator lights to show that the output waveform does not match the input. The ODEP indicators provide a visual indication of the operation of Crown s patented Output Device Emulation Protection (ODEP) circuitry. This circuitry protects the amplifier output stages against heat damage by proportionally limiting the drive level to the output stages. This enables the amplifier to operate safely even under severe operating conditions. During normal operation, the ODEP indicators glow brightly to indicate that the output stages are operating within their thermal range (SOA - Safe Operating Area). However, if an output stage begins to overheat, the ODEP circuitry proportionally limits the drive signal and the LEDs dim. In the unlikely event that the amplifier exceeds the operating limits, ODEP shuts down the output stages and the indicators turn off. The indicators also turn off if the power supplies are put in standby mode. Note: The high voltage power supplies will temporarily go into standby mode if their transformers get too hot or if there is DC or heavy common-mode current in the output. The green Signal/IOC indicators provide the triple functions of Signal Presence, Distortion, and Input Overload indicators. As signal presence indicators, they flash with normal intensity in sync with the audio outputs. As IOC (Input/Output Comparator) indicators, they flash brightly if there is any difference between the input and output signal waveforms greater than 0.05%. Because transient distortion happens quickly, a 0.1 second hold delay keeps the indicators on long enough to be easily noticed. This IOC function verifies the amplifier s performance. As input overload indicators, they flash brightly with a 0.5 second hold delay ON OFF Page 19