Parallel Circuit. Cory, Kinsey, Alexis, Tori, Sophie
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1 Parallel Circuit Cory, Kinsey, Alexis, Tori, Sophie
2 Basic Definitions Resistors: Limits the flow of a charge in the circuit (measure resistance) - R total =Σ of all resistances Voltage Drop: Loss of electrical power in each resistor V= voltage I = current (Ω) V = IR (Ohm s Law) R = resistance (Ω)
3 Parallel Circuits Resistors are in parallel when each resistor is connected directly to the voltage source by connecting wires having negligible resistance. EACH RESISTOR HAS FULL VOLTAGE APPLIED TO IT. Parallel Resistance Equation (board work)
4 Combination of Series and Parallel Circuits
5 Electromotive Force (EMF) The voltage developed by any source of electrical energy such as a battery or dynamo. It is generally defined as the electrical potential for a source in a circuit. Measured in Volt
6 Internal Resistance Resistance - measurement resistors of the limit of charge flow Internal Resistance inherent resistance to the flow of of current within the source itself V = E - Ir Internal Resistance is connected to emf (electromotive force, pure voltage source) E = emf r = internal resistance I = current flowing during measurement V = terminal voltage
7 Terminal Voltage Terminal Voltage the voltage output of a device measured across its terminals V = emf - Ir Larger current = smaller terminal voltage Larger internal resistance = smaller terminal voltage r= the internal resistance I = current flowing at the time of the measurement (positive if current flows away from the positive terminal V = terminal voltage
8 Multiple Voltage Sources Two voltage sources when a battery charger is used Voltage sources connected in series internal resistances and emfs are solved algebraically 2 equations r1+r2 when series connections of voltage sources are common (flashlights, toys etc) I = (emf 1 - emf 2) / r1 + r2 battery is multiple connection of voltaic cells
9 Multiple Voltage Sources Cont.
10 Conceptual HW Qs When switch is open: resistance is high, maximum voltage drop across the resistor a. Closed: resistance is nearly zero, negligible voltage drop, current will remain the same 4. Power decreases as resistance increases
11 Conceptual HW Qs emf= work done on a charge to move it to the terminals of the battery Potential difference= originates from the electric field created due to the accumulation of the charges on the terminals of the battery Emf and potential difference are two different quantities, so no, not every potential difference is an emf
12 Conceptual HW Qs 21.2 Cont. Eventually you will be dividing by the current to get the internal resistance, and in this case, since it's negative, the larger current will have a smaller internal resistance
13 Homework Q s # 1 (a) What is the resistance of 275Ω resistors connected in parallel?
14 Answer (a) (10) (1/275) = 3.64 x 10^-2 (i) So (1/3.64 x 10^-2 ) = 27.5 ohms
15 Homework Q s # 4 An 1800-w toaster, a 1400-w electric frying pan, and a 75-w lamp are plugged into the same outlet in a 15-A, 120-V circuit. (The three devices are in parallel when plugged into the same socket.) (a) (b) What is the current drawn by each device? Will this combination blow the 15-A fuse?
16 Answer (a) I = P/V (b) (i) P = 1800/120 = 15 (ii) P = 1400/120 = (iii) P = 75/120 =.625 (iv) = Will blow the 15 A fuse because is greater and too much power for the fuse
17 Homework Q s # 10 A 240-kV power transmission line carrying 5.00x10^2 AA is hung from grounded metal towers by ceramic insulators, each having a 1.00x10^9 Ω resistance. Figure (a) (b) (c) What is the resistance to ground 100 of them. Calculate the power dissipated by 100 of them. What fraction of the power carried by the line is this?
18 Homework Q s #10 Cont.
19 Homework Q s # 13 Two resistors, one having a resistance of 900 kω, are connected in series to produce a total resistance of.500mω. (a) (b) (c) What is the value of the second resistance? What is unreasonable about this result? Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?
20 Homework Q s #16 What is the output voltage of V lithium cell in a digital wristwatch that draws.300ma, if the cell s internal resistance is 2.00Ω?
21 Homework Q s #19 - Alexis Find the terminal voltage of a 12.0-V motorcycle battery having a.600 Ω internal resistance, if it is being charged by a current of 10.0A. See work on board.
22 Homework Q s #22 -Alexis The label on a portable radio recommends the use of rechargeable nickelcadmium cells (nicads), although they have a 1.25-V emf while alkaline cells have a 1.58-V emf. The radio has a 3.20Ω resistance. (a) Draw a circuit diagram of the radio and its batteries. Now, calculate the power delivered to the radio. (b) When using Nicad cells each having an internal resistance of.044ω (c) When using alkaline cells each having an internal resistance of.200ω (d) Does the difference seems significant, considering that the radio s effective resistance is lowered when its volume is turned up? See work on board.
23 Homework Q s #25 -Tori a. V=IR R=V/I R=⅖ R=.4Ω b. V=emf-IR 2=emf-5(.4) 4=emf
24 Homework Q s #28 -Tori (see next slide)
25 Homework Q s #28 Answer a) V=emf-IR emf=12, V=16, I=10 16=12-10R R=4/10=.4 Ω b) P=I 2 R 10 2 (.4)= 40W c) 1kcal=4184J Q=mcΔT P=mc(ΔT/s) 4184J/cal(.300cal)=1255J ΔT/s = 40/(20*1255)=
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