Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of copper/pet composite yarn fabrics
|
|
- Jeffry Hart
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 37, June 2012, pp Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of copper/pet composite yarn fabrics K Rajendrakumar a & G Thilagavathi Department of Textile Technology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore , India Received 4 March 2011; revised received and accepted 31 May 2011 Woven fabric samples have been developed using composite yarn consisting of copper mono filament and PET filaments for evaluating electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) against radiating electromagnetic wave spectrum over a frequency range GHz. Coaxial transverse electromagnetic wave mode transmission method equipment has been used for testing in far field condition. It is observed that the weave and thread spacing of fabric samples significantly influence the shielding effectiveness as interpreted from the two way between subject ANOVA design. It is justified that aperture size and contact resistance of composite yarns in fabrics are the critical parameters in determining the shielding effectiveness of textile fabrics. The mechanism of fabric shielding is also discussed in detail using already established shielding theories which would help design fabrics for electromagnetic shielding. Keywords: Contact resistance, Copper monofilament, Pick density, PET filament, Shielding effectiveness, Weave 1 Introduction Since the early days of radio and telegraph communications, it has been known that a spark gap generates electromagnetic waves rich in spectral content (frequency components) and that these waves can cause interference or noise in various electronic and electrical devices such as radio receivers and telephone communications. Numerous other sources of electromagnetic emissions such as lightning, relays, dc electric motors, and fluorescent lights also generate electromagnetic waves that are rich in spectral content and can cause interference in those devices. Research works conducted also reveal that high frequency electromagnetic waves cause potential health hazards to human kind. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become a major problem for circuit designers, and it is likely to become even more severe in the future 1. Shielding an electromagnetic field is a complex and sometimes formidable task. The reasons are many, since the effectiveness of any strategy or technique aimed at the reduction of the electromagnetic field levels in a prescribed region depends largely upon the source(s) characteristics, the shield topology, and materials. Moreover, as it often happens, when common terms are adopted in a technical context, different definitions exist. a To whom all the correspondence should be addressed. rakumarmt@yahoo.co.in Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) is a concise parameter generally applied to quantify shielding performance 2. Most shielding structures designed as barriers for radiated emissions are fabricated by means of standard (i.e. non-magnetic) conductive materials or by means of ferromagnetic materials which are rigid and heavy. So, researchers attempted to develop flexible and light weight barriers from polymer composites or conducting fabrics by introducing many techniques, viz. metallic coatings, conducting filler materials, inherently conducting polymers, CNTs, etc Nonwovens, especially polypropylene nonwovens, are frequently used in technical applications mainly due to their low cost. The metallization process of PP fabrics (nonwovens) was carried out by sputtering metallic targets 17. A new range of model textile multilayer shielding materials developed with the use of component textile and textile-polymeric materials showed acceptable attenuation of electromagnetic radiation 18. Textile fabric coated with layers of electromagnetic absorbers was used as a modern support in the new generation of radar camouflage nets, providing camouflage against reconnaissance not only within the scope of the visible area, but also in nearphotographic infrared and radar scopes 19. Composite fibres developed by electroless deposition of metals like copper, nickel, cobalt and their alloys on textile
2 134 INDIAN J. FIBRE TEXT. RES., JUNE 2012 Table 1 Technical specifications of fabric samples Sample Weave Ends /inch substrates demonstrated their suitability in electromagnetic shielding applications 20,21. This study correlates the electromagnetic shielding theories based on rigid metallic structures with the flexible fabric assemblies made of conducting composite yarn. 2 Materials and Methods Picks /inch Weight g/m 2 Total fractional cover P1 Plain P2 Plain P3 Plain T1 3/1 Twill T2 3/1 Twill T3 3/1 Twill S1 4 4 irregular S2 4 4 irregular S3 4 4 irregular Yarn and Fabrics The composite yarn having a resultant count of 500 denier was produced in a ring doubling machine by twisting copper filament of 40 micron diameter with 15 ohm/m conductivity and polyester filament yarn of 240 d/72f. Composite yarn was wound as smaller warp beam by employing miniature single end warping machine. Fabric samples in plain, 3/1 twill and irregular weave (4 4) structure with 42 ends/inch and pick densities 32, 26 and 40 picks per inch were produced in a miniature electronic rigid rapier loom and the detailed specifications are given in Table Testing for Shielding Effectiveness A shield is a metallic partition placed between two regions of space. It is used to control the propagation of electromagnetic fields from one region to the other. The space surrounding a source of radiation can be broken into two regions, namely close to the source is the near or induction field and a distance greater than the wavelength (λ) divided by 2π is the far or radiation field. The region around λ/2 π is the transition region between the near and the far fields. Shielding can be specified in terms of the reduction in magnetic and/or electric field strength caused by the shield. It is convenient to express this shielding effectiveness in units of decibels (db). Use of decibels then permits the shielding produced by various effects to be added to obtain the total shielding. Shielding effectiveness (SE) is defined as shown below: For electric fields SE = 20 log E 0 /E 1 db (1) For magnetic field SE = 20 log H 0 /H 1 db (2) EMSE (db) = 10 log 10 P 0 / P 1... (3) where decibel (db) denotes power ratio, commonly used to specify shielding effectiveness; E 0 /E 1 and H 0 /H 1 refer to the ratio of incident to transmitted electric and magnetic field components; and P 0 & P 1 denote the input and output power (watts) respectively. The total shielding effectiveness of a solid material with no apertures is equal to the sum of the absorption loss (A) plus the reflection loss (R) plus a correction factor (B) to account for multiple reflections in thin shields. Total shielding effectiveness therefore can be written as SE = A(dB) + R(dB) + B (db). (4) Shielding effectiveness varies with frequency, geometry of shield, position within the shield where the field is measured, type of field being attenuated, angle of incidence, and polarization. Shielding effectiveness depends on the design parameters like aperture size and contact resistance at seams/joints. Similar to ASTM D , a spectrum analyzer which had coaxial transmission equipment with a rectangular cross-section was used to measure the EMSE of samples. Transmitting electromagnetic wave inside wave guide is of the form TE 10, which swept test specimen over a frequency range MHz. EMSE of test samples were calculated using Eq (3). EMSE values of different fabric samples with the corresponding frequencies are given in Table 2. 3 Results and Discussion It is well documented that rigid metal assemblies are used for shielding against radiated electromagnetic emissions. Electrical conductivity and permeability of metals are the major determinants of EMSE. Metals like silver, copper, aluminum are highly conductive whereas nickel, stainless steel, mumetal are highly permeable.
3 RAJENDRAKUMAR & THILAGAVATHI: EMSE OF COPPER/PET COMPOSITE YARN FABRICS 135 Table 2 EMSE values of fabric samples Frequency Plain 3/1 Twill Satin GHz P1 P2 P3 T1 T2 T3 S1 S2 S resulting in reduced contact resistance. However, the troughs so formed in each of the curves as in Fig.1 indicate the reduced attenuation of electromagnetic waves which are attributable to the cavity resonance resulting from interior reflection of rectangular coaxial cell at multiple of half-wave lengths 23. Effects of weave pick density and their interaction were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and justified by concepts on shielding theory in the flowing paragraphs. Fig. 1 EMSE plot of fabrics differing in weave and pick denisty Use of copper filament in composite yarn is justified by its high order of electrical conductivity. Figure 1 demonstrates the pattern of EMSE of different fabric samples over a frequency range of GHz. It is observed that EMSE of irregular fabric samples is low even at higher pick densities as compared to fabrics with 3/1 twill and plain weave. Plain weave fabrics show better EMSE which could be attributed to increased interlacements of warp and weft threads 3.1 Two way 3 3 between Subjects ANOVA Design Contribution of three levels of two independent variables namely fabric weave and pick density for a dependent variable (shielding effectiveness) was analysed by designing 3X3 between subjects ANOVA design. In this two-way design, the three effects of interest are the main effect of weave, the main effect of pick density and the unique combinations of the levels of weave and pick density known as the weave x pick density interaction. Computed F values for weave, pick density and interaction for the data presented in Table 1 are summarized in Table 3.
4 136 INDIAN J. FIBRE TEXT. RES., JUNE 2012 Table 3 Summary table for two-way between subjects design Source SS Df MS F F c (0.05) Weave Pick density Interaction Error Total Computed F value for the main effect of Factor Weave as seen from Table 3 is found to be greater than the critical value (F c ) of 3.05 at 0.05 level, thus rejecting the null and concludes that weave of fabric affects the shielding performance, hence it is inferred that EMSE values are in the following order: Plain weave > twill weave > weave. Likewise, computed F value for the main effect of factor pick density is greater than the critical value at 0.05 level, thereby it is concluded that pick density of fabrics also affects the EMSE. It is found that the higher the pick density the greater is the EMSE. Similarly, the F value evaluated for the interaction effect of weave and pick density is greater than the critical value, hence it is concluded that the two independent variables (weave, pick density) combine to produce a statistically significant unique joint effect which could be attributed to the geometrical variations of fabrics caused by weave. For example, with the same pick density of 40 and a total fractional cover of for both plain and fabrics, plain weave fabrics show higher EMSE values. The effects of weave, pick density and their interaction as analysed above are substantiated by shielding theories in the following section. 3.2 Shielding Mechanism Shielding mechanism of metallic shield is very complex involving various geometrical and design parameters like apertures and seam. Fabrics are not homogenous compared to metal sheets having spaces between warp and weft threads and discontinuities in conductivity due to the presence of fibres which are electrically non conductors. The fact that maximum linear dimension, not area, determines the amount of leakage can be visualized best by using the circuit theory approach to shielding. In this approach, the incident electromagnetic field induces current into the shield, and this current then generates an additional field. The new field cancels the original field in some regions of space, specifically the region on the opposite side of the shield from the incident field. For this cancellation to occur, the induced shield current must be allowed to flow undisturbed in the manner in which it is induced. If an aperture forces the induced current to flow in a different path, then the generated field will not completely cancel the original field, and the shielding effectiveness will be reduced. The more the current is forced to detour, the greater will be the decrease in the shielding effectiveness. Slot antenna theory states that a solid slot antenna is a most efficient radiator when its maximum linear slot dimension is equal to 1/2 wavelength, as the aperture becomes shorter, the radiation efficiency will decrease, hence the shielding effectiveness will increase at the same rate. The complement of a long narrow seam is a long skinny wire that clearly looks like an efficient antenna a dipole. This concept clearly illustrates why the length of the slot is more important than the area in determining the radiated emission. The length of the slot represents the length of the equivalent complimentary dipole. If the seam length happens to be in the order of ½ wavelength, it will become an efficient antenna. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee electrical contact points at frequent intervals along a seam in order to reduce the length of the resulting antenna. A seam with periodic contact points can then be considered a linear array of closely spaced apertures. Along the length of the seam, there should be firm electrical contact at intervals small enough to provide the desired shielding effectiveness 24. It is evident from the above concepts that apertures, seams and contact resistance of a metal shield are the deciding factors of its shielding effectiveness. This phenomenon is also applicable to fabric structures. Therefore, it is justified that plain weave of a fabric minimizes the contact resistance due to more interlacements of warp and weft yarns and also minimizes the yarn distortion, thus exhibiting higher EMSE. Higher pick densities in fabric provides smaller apertures and minimizes the dipole effect, thereby improving the shielding effectiveness. Above theories are validated by the two way 3 3 between subjects ANOVA design. 4 Conclusion 4.1 Effects of fabric weave, pick density and their interaction on EMSE as analysed by two way between subjects ANOVA are significant at 0.05 level critical value and are validated by shielding theories.
5 RAJENDRAKUMAR & THILAGAVATHI: EMSE OF COPPER/PET COMPOSITE YARN FABRICS More interlacements of composite yarn as in plain weave fabrics decreases contact resistance, thereby increasing the EMSE of fabric. 4.3 Decreasing the space between composite yarns minimizes aperture size and the dipole effect, thus increasing EMSE of fabric, i.e. EMSE of fabric increases with increase in threads per inch of fabric. 4.4 Plain weave fabric samples exhibited higher EMSE followed by twill and weave. 4.5 Electromagnetic shielding mechanism of composite yarn fabrics established by shielding theories would help design EMSE fabrics for application specific end uses. References 1 Clayton R. Paul, Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility (John Wiley & Sons, Inc), Salvatore Celozzi, Rodolfo Araneo & Giampiero Lovat, Electromagnetic Shielding (John Wiley & Sons, Inc), Chung D D L, Carbon, 39 (2001) Shinagawa S, Kumagai Y & Urabe K, J Porous Mater, 6 (3) (1999) Pomposo J A, Rodriguez J & Grande H, Synth Met, 104 (2) (1999) Courric S & Tran V H, Polymer, 39 (12) (1998) Makela T, Pienimaa S, Taka T, Jussila S & Isotalo H, Synth Met, 85 (1997) Kaynak A, Polat A & Yilmazer U, Mat Res Bull, 31 (10) (1996) Seong Hun Kim, Soon Ho Jang, Sung Weon Byun, Jun Young Lee, Jin Soo Joo, Sung Hoon Jeong & Myung-Ja Park, J Appl Polym Sci, 87 (2003) Yang S, Composites Part A: Appl Sci Manuf, 36 (2005) Chin Mei Lin, Yu Tien Huang, Yi-Tin, Yao & Ching-Hui Lin, Proceedings, the 10th Asian Textile Conference - ATC- 10 (Society of Fibre Science and Technology, Japan), Chen P W & Cheng D D L, J Electron Mater, 24 (1) (1995) Taejin Kim & Chung D D L, J Mat Engg Perf, 15 (3) (2006) Shui X & Chung D D L, J Mat Sci, 35 (2000) Chunhong Gong, Laigui Yu, Yuping Duan, Juntao Tian, Zhishen Wu & Zhijun Zhang, Eur J Inorg Chem, 18 (2008) Neelakanta P S & Subramaniam K, Adv Mat Proc, 141 (3) (1992) Ziaja J, Koprowska J & Janukiewicz J, Fibres Text Eastern, 16 (5) (2008) Brzeziński S, Rybicki T, Karbownik I, Malinowska G, Rybicki E, Szugajew L, Lao M & Śledzińska K, Fibres Text Eastern, 17 (2) (2009) Joanna Koprowska, Mirosław Pietranik & Włodzimierz Stawski, Fibres Text Eastern, 12 (3) (2004) Bogush V, J Optoelect Adv Mat, 7 (3) (2005) Xueping Gan, Yating Wu, Lei Liu & Wenbin Hu, J Appl Electrochem, 37 (2007) ASTM D-4935, Annual Book of ASTM Standards (ASTM International, USA), 1989, Xingcun Colin Tong, CRC Press, Henry W Ott, Electromagnetic Compatibility Eng (John Wiley & Sons, Inc), 2009.
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
35 CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 INTRODUCTION Electrically conducting and/or ferromagnetic materials in combination with fibres and textiles are proven to be effective in shielding against electromagnetic
More informationStudy of Aperture Size and its Aspect Ratio of Conductive Hybrid Yarn Woven Fabric on Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness
Fibers and Polymers 2017, Vol.18, No.7, 1382-1392 DOI 10.1007/s12221-017-7044-8 ISSN 1229-9197 (print version) ISSN 1875-0052 (electronic version) Study of Aperture Size and its Aspect Ratio of Conductive
More informationElectromagnetic shielding effectiveness of woven fabrics having metal coated zari wrapped yarns
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 42, September 2017, pp. 271-277 Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of woven fabrics having metal coated zari wrapped yarns Jai Veer & V K Kothari a
More informationINVESTIGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF BORON AND CARBON FIBRE WOVEN FABRICS AND THEIR POLYMER COMPOSITES
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF BORON AND CARBON FIBRE WOVEN FABRICS AND THEIR POLYMER COMPOSITES S. İlker MISTIK 1 ; Erhan SANCAK 1 ; İsmail USTA 2 ; E. Dilara KOÇAK 1 ; & Mehmet
More informationElectromagnetic shielding tester for conductive textile materials
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 35, December 2010, pp. 361-365 Electromagnetic shielding tester for conductive textile materials R Perumalraj a, G Nalankilli, T R Balasaravanan, K Roshanraja
More informationInfluence of Metal Fibre Content of Blended Electromagnetic Shielding Fabric on Shielding Effectiveness Considering Fabric Weave
Zhe Liu*, Yongheng Zhang, Xing Rong, Xiuchen Wang Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan, China E-mail: xyliuzhe@163.com Influence of Metal Fibre Content of Blended Electromagnetic
More informationElectromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Doubled Copper-Cotton Yarn Woven Materials
R. Perumalraj, *B. S. Dasaradan Department of Textile Technology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India. Email: raj134722002@yahoo.com *Department of Textile Technology,
More informationInfluence of Metal Fiber Content and Arrangement on Shielding Effectiveness for Blended Electromagnetic Shielding Fabric
ISSN 1392 1320 MATERIALS SCIENCE (MEDŽIAGOTYRA). Vol. 21, No. 2. 2015 Influence of Metal Fiber Content and Arrangement on Shielding Effectiveness for Blended Electromagnetic Shielding Fabric Zhe LIU, Xing
More informationFrequency Tunable Low-Cost Microwave Absorber for EMI/EMC Application
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 74, 47 52, 2018 Frequency Tunable Low-Cost Microwave Absorber for EMI/EMC Application Gobinda Sen * and Santanu Das Abstract A frequency tunable multi-layer
More informationEC6011-ELECTROMAGNETICINTERFERENCEANDCOMPATIBILITY
EC6011-ELECTROMAGNETICINTERFERENCEANDCOMPATIBILITY UNIT-3 Part A 1. What is an opto-isolator? [N/D-16] An optoisolator (also known as optical coupler,optocoupler and opto-isolator) is a semiconductor device
More informationAN INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ABSORPTION POTENTIAL OF WOVEN FABRICS WITH STAINLESS STEEL WIRE
AN INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ABSORPTION POTENTIAL OF WOVEN FABRICS WITH STAINLESS STEEL WIRE Mustafa S. ÖZEN 1 ; İsmail USTA 2 ; Ali BEYİT 1 ; Muhammet UZUN 1,3 ; Erhan SANCAK 1 & Erkan İŞGÖREN
More informationMethod and apparatus to measure electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency and its shielding characteristics in broadband frequency ranges
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS VOLUME 74, NUMBER 2 FEBRUARY 2003 Method and apparatus to measure electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency and its shielding characteristics in broadband frequency
More informationA Compact Miniaturized Frequency Selective Surface with Stable Resonant Frequency
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 62, 17 22, 2016 A Compact Miniaturized Frequency Selective Surface with Stable Resonant Frequency Ning Liu 1, *, Xian-Jun Sheng 2, and Jing-Jing Fan
More informationOptimization of Layer Thickness to Yield Predetermined Shielding Performance of Multilayer Conductor Electromagnetic Shield
Optimization of Layer Thickness to Yield Predetermined Shielding Performance of Multilayer Conductor Electromagnetic Shield C Dharma Raj D Vijaya Saradhi P Hemambaradhara Rao P Chandra Sekhar GITAM University
More informationBehavioural Analysis of Multi Design Woven Fabric
Behavioural Analysis of Multi Design Woven Fabric S Sundaresan 1, A Arunraj 2 Assistant Professor (SRG), Department of Textile Technology. Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
More informationDUAL-BAND LOW PROFILE DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA WITH HIGH IMPEDANCE SURFACE REFLECTOR
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 25, 67 75, 211 DUAL-BAND LOW PROFILE DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA WITH HIGH IMPEDANCE SURFACE REFLECTOR X. Mu *, W. Jiang, S.-X. Gong, and F.-W. Wang Science
More information"Natural" Antennas. Mr. Robert Marcus, PE, NCE Dr. Bruce C. Gabrielson, NCE. Security Engineering Services, Inc. PO Box 550 Chesapeake Beach, MD 20732
Published and presented: AFCEA TEMPEST Training Course, Burke, VA, 1992 Introduction "Natural" Antennas Mr. Robert Marcus, PE, NCE Dr. Bruce C. Gabrielson, NCE Security Engineering Services, Inc. PO Box
More informationStudy on Microwave-Absorbing Behavior of Multi-Walled CNTs
Study on Microwave-Absorbing Behavior of Multi-Walled CNTs Xiaolai Liu (Corresponding author) College of Science Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail: llltyx657@163.com
More informationGLOSSARY OF TERMS FLUX DENSITY:
ADSL: Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line. Technology used to transmit/receive data and audio using the pair copper telephone lines with speed up to 8 Mbps. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE: The temperature surrounding
More informationFeng Chia University, Taichung City 407, Taiwan, R.O.C. and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2012-12-27 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vol. 627, pp 302-306 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.302 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Manufacturing Technique and Property
More informationOptimized shield design for reduction of EMF from wireless power transfer systems
This article has been accepted and published on J-STAGE in advance of copyediting. Content is final as presented. IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.*, No.*, 1 9 Optimized shield design for reduction of EMF
More informationPerformance Analysis of Different Ultra Wideband Planar Monopole Antennas as EMI sensors
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering. ISSN 09742166 Volume 5, Number 4 (2012), pp. 435445 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Performance Analysis
More informationDetermination of Transmission and Reflection Parameters by Analysis of Square Loop Metasurface
Determination of Transmission and Reflection Parameters by Analysis of Square Loop Metasurface Anamika Sethi #1, Rajni *2 #Research Scholar, ECE Department, MRSPTU, INDIA *Associate Professor, ECE Department,
More informationEditorial Manager(tm) for The Journal of the Textile Institute Manuscript Draft
Editorial Manager(tm) for The Journal of the Textile Institute Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: Title: Determination of electromagnetic shielding performance of plain knitting and 1X1 rib structures
More informationEffects of metal filament s alignment on tensile and electrical properties of conductive hybrid cover yarns
DOI 10.1186/s40691-015-0055-4 RESEARCH Open Access Effects of metal filament s alignment on tensile and electrical properties of conductive hybrid cover yarns Ali Asghar 1,2, Mohd Rozi Ahmad 1* and Mohamad
More informationMAGNETO-DIELECTRIC COMPOSITES WITH FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE LAYERS
MAGNETO-DIELECTRIC COMPOSITES WITH FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE LAYERS M. Hawley 1, S. Farhat 1, B. Shanker 2, L. Kempel 2 1 Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University;
More informationGain Enhancement and Wideband RCS Reduction of a Microstrip Antenna Using Triple-Band Planar Electromagnetic Band-Gap Structure
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 65, 103 108, 2017 Gain Enhancement and Wideband RCS Reduction of a Microstrip Antenna Using Triple-Band Planar Electromagnetic Band-Gap Structure Yang
More informationA Study on the Twist Loss in Weft Yarn During Air Jet Weaving
A Study on the Twist Loss in Weft Yarn During Air Jet Weaving Muhammad Umair, Khubab Shaker, Yasir Nawab, Abher Rasheed, Sheraz Ahmad National Textile University, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Faisalabad,
More informationResearch of Shielding Effectiveness of an Elastic Shield Made of Conductive Fabric to Ensure HEMP Protection of Electronic Equipment
International Journal of Research Studies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IJRSEEE) Volume 5, Issue 1, 2019, PP 1-7 ISSN 2454-9436 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-9436.0501001 www.arcjournals.org
More informationAbstract In this paper, the design of a multiple U-slotted
A Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications P. Krachodnok International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering waset.org/publication/9998666 Abstract In this
More informationCompact and Low Profile MIMO Antenna for Dual-WLAN-Band Access Points
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 67, 97 102, 2017 Compact and Low Profile MIMO Antenna for Dual-WLAN-Band Access Points Xinyao Luo *, Jiade Yuan, and Kan Chen Abstract A compact directional
More informationS.E. =20log e. t P. t P
The effects of gaps introduced into a continuous EMI gasket When properly designed, a surface-mount EMI gasket can provide essentially the same shielding performance as continuous gasketing. THOMAS CLUPPER
More informationInvestigation of Test Instruments for EM Shielding Effectiveness of Conductive Fabrics and Their Composites
Journal of Safety Engineering 2013, 2(2): 39-44 DOI: 10.5923/j.safety.20130202.04 Investigation of Test Instruments for EM Shielding Devrim D. Soyaslan Department of Textile Eng., Engineering and Architecture
More informationEffect of Bulk Density on the Acoustic Performance of Thermally Bonded Nonwovens
Effect of Bulk Density on the Acoustic Performance of Thermally Bonded Nonwovens Wenbin Zhu 1, Vidya Nandikolla 2, Brian George 1 1 Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, PA UNITED STATES 2 California
More informationRCS Reduction of Patch Array Antenna by Complementary Split-Ring Resonators Structure
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 51, 95 101, 2014 RCS Reduction of Patch Array Antenna by Complementary Split-Ring Resonators Structure Jun Zheng 1, 2, Shaojun Fang 1, Yongtao Jia 3, *, and
More informationCHAPTER 6 CARBON NANOTUBE AND ITS RF APPLICATION
CHAPTER 6 CARBON NANOTUBE AND ITS RF APPLICATION 6.1 Introduction In this chapter we have made a theoretical study about carbon nanotubes electrical properties and their utility in antenna applications.
More informationMicrostrip even-mode half-wavelength SIR based I-band interdigital bandpass filter
Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences Vol. 9, October 0, pp. 99-303 Microstrip even-mode half-wavelength SIR based I-band interdigital bandpass filter Ram Krishna Maharjan* & Nam-Young Kim
More informationChapter 12: Transmission Lines. EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara
Chapter 12: Transmission Lines EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara Introduction A transmission line can be defined as the conductive connections between system elements that carry signal power.
More informationDesign of Rectangular-Cut Circular Disc UWB Antenna with Band-Notched Characteristics
Design of Rectangular-Cut Circular Disc UWB Antenna with Band-Notched Characteristics Swapnil Thorat PICT, Pune-411043,India Email:swapnil.world01@gmail.com Raj Kumar DIAT (Deemed University), Girinagar,
More informationProximity fed gap-coupled half E-shaped microstrip antenna array
Sādhanā Vol. 40, Part 1, February 2015, pp. 75 87. c Indian Academy of Sciences Proximity fed gap-coupled half E-shaped microstrip antenna array AMIT A DESHMUKH 1, and K P RAY 2 1 Department of Electronics
More informationHYBRID ARRAY ANTENNA FOR BROADBAND MILLIMETER-WAVE APPLICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 83, 173 183, 2008 HYBRID ARRAY ANTENNA FOR BROADBAND MILLIMETER-WAVE APPLICATIONS S. Costanzo, I. Venneri, G. Di Massa, and G. Amendola Dipartimento di Elettronica,
More informationBROADBAND AND HIGH-GAIN PLANAR VIVALDI AN- TENNAS BASED ON INHOMOGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC ZERO-INDEX METAMATERIALS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 120, 235 247, 2011 BROADBAND AND HIGH-GAIN PLANAR VIVALDI AN- TENNAS BASED ON INHOMOGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC ZERO-INDEX METAMATERIALS B. Zhou, H. Li, X. Y. Zou, and
More informationCitation Electromagnetics, 2012, v. 32 n. 4, p
Title Low-profile microstrip antenna with bandwidth enhancement for radio frequency identification applications Author(s) Yang, P; He, S; Li, Y; Jiang, L Citation Electromagnetics, 2012, v. 32 n. 4, p.
More informationA Millimeter Wave Center-SIW-Fed Antenna For 60 GHz Wireless Communication
A Millimeter Wave Center-SIW-Fed Antenna For 60 GHz Wireless Communication M. Karami, M. Nofersti, M.S. Abrishamian, R.A. Sadeghzadeh Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering K. N. Toosi University
More informationMetamaterial Inspired CPW Fed Compact Low-Pass Filter
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 57, 173 180, 2015 Metamaterial Inspired CPW Fed Compact Low-Pass Filter BasilJ.Paul 1, *, Shanta Mridula 1,BinuPaul 1, and Pezholil Mohanan 2 Abstract A metamaterial
More informationIntroduction: Planar Transmission Lines
Chapter-1 Introduction: Planar Transmission Lines 1.1 Overview Microwave integrated circuit (MIC) techniques represent an extension of integrated circuit technology to microwave frequencies. Since four
More informationAdaptive Adjustment of Radiation Properties for Entire Range of Axial Ratio using a Parasitic Microstrip Polarizer
J Electr Eng Technol.2017; 12(3): 1250-1256 http://doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2017.12.3.1250 ISSN(Print) 1975-0102 ISSN(Online) 2093-7423 Adaptive Adjustment of Radiation Properties for Entire Range of Axial
More informationGeometrical parameters of yarn cross-section in plain woven fabric
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 38, June 2013, pp. 126-131 Geometrical parameters of yarn cross-section in plain woven fabric Siavash Afrashteh 1,a, Ali Akbar Merati 2 & Ali Asghar Asgharian
More informationSHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS
SHIELDING Electronic devices are commonly packaged in a conducting enclosure (shield) in order to (1) prevent the electronic devices inside the shield from radiating emissions efficiently and/or (2) prevent
More informationStudy on heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics through multilayered fabric ensembles
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 36, December 2011, pp. 410-414 Study on heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics through multilayered fabric ensembles A Das a, Shabaridharan
More informationSHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS: HOW TO MEASURE?
SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS: HOW TO MEASURE? Johan Catrysse*, Filip Vanhee, Tim Claeys, Andy Degraeve, Davy Pissoort ReMI, Reliability in Mechatronics and ICT KU Leuven, Technology
More informationDesign a U-sloted Microstrip Antenna for Indoor and Outdoor Wireless LAN
ISSN:1991-8178 Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com Design a U-sloted Microstrip Antenna for Indoor and Outdoor Wireless LAN 1 T.V. Padmavathy, 2 T.V. Arunprakash,
More informationMethods for Evaluating the Shielding Effectiveness of Textiles
Tadeusz W. Więckowski Jarosław M. Janukiewicz Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland E-mail: sekretariat@ita.pwr.wroc.pl Methods for Evaluating the Shielding
More informationMutual Coupling between Two Patches using Ideal High Impedance Surface
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering. ISSN 0974-2166 Volume 4, Number 3 (2011), pp. 287-293 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Mutual Coupling
More informationEffect of Various Slot Parameters in Single Layer Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Slot Array Antenna for Ku-Band Applications
ACES JOURNAL, Vol. 30, No. 8, August 2015 934 Effect of Various Slot Parameters in Single Layer Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Slot Array Antenna for Ku-Band Applications S. Moitra 1 and P. S. Bhowmik
More informationSubminiature Multi-stage Band-Pass Filter Based on LTCC Technology Research
International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 2, March 2016 Subminiature Multi-stage Band-Pass Filter Based on LTCC Technology Research Bowen Li and Yongsheng Dai Abstract
More informationRectangular Patch Antenna to Operate in Flame Retardant 4 Using Coaxial Feeding Technique
International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research. ISSN 0975-6450 Volume 9, Number 3 (2017) pp. 399-407 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Rectangular Patch Antenna to Operate
More informationThe Preparation and Optical Properties Analysis of High Visible Light and Low UV Transmittance Window Screening Fabric
Research of Materials Science December 214, Volume 3, Issue 4, PP.82-86 The Preparation and Optical Properties Analysis of High Visible Light and Low UV Transmittance Window Screening Fabric Weilai Chen,
More informationAngela Piegari ENEA, Optical Coatings Laboratory, Roma, Italy
Optical Filters for Space Instrumentation Angela Piegari ENEA, Optical Coatings Laboratory, Roma, Italy Trieste, 18 February 2015 Optical Filters Optical Filters are commonly used in Space instruments
More informationFILTERING ANTENNAS: SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN
FILTERING ANTENNAS: SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN Deepika Agrawal 1, Jagadish Jadhav 2 1 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, RCPIT, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication,
More informationCHAPTER 2 MICROSTRIP REFLECTARRAY ANTENNA AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
43 CHAPTER 2 MICROSTRIP REFLECTARRAY ANTENNA AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 2.1 INTRODUCTION This work begins with design of reflectarrays with conventional patches as unit cells for operation at Ku Band in
More informationCHAPTER 7 DEVELOPMENT OF METALLIC WIRE/CORE SPUN YARN BASED KNITTED FABRICS FOR EMI SHIELDING
86 CHAPTER 7 DEVELOPMENT OF METALLIC WIRE/CORE SPUN YARN BASED KNITTED FABRICS FOR EMI SHIELDING 7.1 INTRODUCTION Knitted structures are progressively built-up from row after row of intermeshed loops.
More informationDesign and Analyze of a Planar UWB Antenna for WIMAX and WLAN Applications
Design and Analyze of a Planar UWB Antenna for WIMAX and WLAN Applications R.SriRanjani 1, K. Radhika 2 1 PG Student, Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.Tamilnadu, India 2 Assistant professor,
More informationDevelopment of Low Profile Substrate Integrated Waveguide Horn Antenna with Improved Gain
Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Amirkabir International Jounrnal of Science & Research Electrical & Electronics Engineering (AIJ-EEE) Vol. 48, No., Fall 016, pp. 63-70 Development
More informationA Frequency Selective Surface with Polarization Rotation Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 6, 121 125, 216 A Frequency Selective Surface with Polarization Rotation Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Tao Zhong *, Hou Zhang, Rui Wu, and
More informationIsolation Enhancement in Microstrip Antenna Arrays
Isolation Enhancement in Microstrip Antenna Arrays I.Malar Tamil Prabha, R.Gayathri, M.E Communication Systems, K.Ramakrishnan College Of Engineering- Trichy ABSTRACT Slotted Meander-Line Resonator (SMLR)
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT
[Akter * et al., 5(2): February, 218] ISSN: 249-5197 VALIDATION OF WEAVABILITY FOR FINER COUNTS OF COTTON YARN Shilpi Akter*, Dewan Murshed Ahmed, Israt Sharmin Merin, Md. Rakibul islam & Taskin Rahman
More informationEnhanced Couplings in Broadband Planar Filters with Defected Ground Structures
ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Volume 10, Number 2, 2007, 199 212 Enhanced Couplings in Broadband Planar Filters with Defected Ground Structures N. MILITARU 1, M.G. BANCIU 2, G.
More informationBandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Metamaterials
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 8, Issue 4 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 05-10 Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna
More informationDesign and Application of Triple-Band Planar Dipole Antennas
Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing c 2015 ISSN 2073-4212 Ubiquitous International Volume 6, Number 4, July 2015 Design and Application of Triple-Band Planar Dipole Antennas
More informationBroadband and Gain Enhanced Bowtie Antenna with AMC Ground
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 61, 25 30, 2016 Broadband and Gain Enhanced Bowtie Antenna with AMC Ground Xue-Yan Song *, Chuang Yang, Tian-Ling Zhang, Ze-Hong Yan, and Rui-Na Lian
More informationEffects of Two Dimensional Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Structures on the Performance of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays
Effects of Two Dimensional Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Structures on the Performance of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays Mr. F. Benikhlef 1 and Mr. N. Boukli-Hacen 2 1 Research Scholar, telecommunication,
More informationChapter 3 Broadside Twin Elements 3.1 Introduction
Chapter 3 Broadside Twin Elements 3. Introduction The focus of this chapter is on the use of planar, electrically thick grounded substrates for printed antennas. A serious problem with these substrates
More informationCo2Z hexaferrite T-DMB antenna for mobile phone applications. Journal: Transactions on Magnetics - Conferences
CoZ hexaferrite T-DMB antenna for mobile phone applications Journal: Transactions on Magnetics - Conferences Manuscript ID: MAGCON--- Manuscript Type: Intermag Conference Date Submitted by the Author:
More informationQUADRI-FOLDED SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEG- UIDE CAVITY AND ITS MINIATURIZED BANDPASS FILTER APPLICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 23, 1 14, 2011 QUADRI-FOLDED SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEG- UIDE CAVITY AND ITS MINIATURIZED BANDPASS FILTER APPLICATIONS C. A. Zhang, Y. J. Cheng *, and Y. Fan
More informationPresented by Michael J. Oliver Vice President Electrical / EMC Engineering
Presented by Michael J. Oliver Vice President Electrical / EMC Engineering MAJR Products Corporation Manufacturer of EMI/RFI Gasketing and Shielding Products EMC Fundamentals Definitions Electromagnetic
More informationINFLUENCE OF STITCHING SEAMS ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL PERMEABILITY
FPCM-9 (2008) The 9 th International Conference on Flow Processes in Composite Materials Montréal (Québec), Canada 8 ~ 10 July 2008 INFLUENCE OF STITCHING SEAMS ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL PERMEABILITY Gunnar Rieber
More informationA NOVEL G-SHAPED SLOT ULTRA-WIDEBAND BAND- PASS FILTER WITH NARROW NOTCHED BAND
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 2, 77 86, 211 A NOVEL G-SHAPED SLOT ULTRA-WIDEBAND BAND- PASS FILTER WITH NARROW NOTCHED BAND L.-N. Chen, Y.-C. Jiao, H.-H. Xie, and F.-S. Zhang National
More informationBROADBAND SERIES-FED DIPOLE PAIR ANTENNA WITH PARASITIC STRIP PAIR DIRECTOR
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 45, 1 13, 2013 BROADBAND SERIES-FED DIPOLE PAIR ANTENNA WITH PARASITIC STRIP PAIR DIRECTOR Junho Yeo 1, Jong-Ig Lee 2, *, and Jin-Taek Park 3 1 School of Computer
More informationDesign and Development of a 2 1 Array of Slotted Microstrip Line Fed Shorted Patch Antenna for DCS Mobile Communication System
Wireless Engineering and Technology, 2013, 4, 59-63 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wet.2013.41009 Published Online January 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/wet) 59 Design and Development of a 2 1 Array of
More information6464(Print), ISSN (Online) ENGINEERING Volume & 3, Issue TECHNOLOGY 3, October- December (IJECET) (2012), IAEME
International INTERNATIONAL Journal of Electronics JOURNAL and Communication OF ELECTRONICS Engineering AND & Technology COMMUNICATION (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) ENGINEERING
More informationReduction of Mutual Coupling between Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna Elements
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 53, 27 34, 2014 Reduction of Mutual Coupling between Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna Elements Qi-Chun Zhang, Jin-Dong Zhang, and Wen Wu * Abstract Maintaining mutual
More informationCharacterization of the Coherent Noise, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Interference of the ATLAS EM Calorimeter Front End Board *
Characterization of the Coherent Noise, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Interference of the ATLAS EM Calorimeter Front End Board * B. Chase, M. Citterio, F. Lanni, D. Makowiecki, V. Radeka,
More informationSignal and Noise Measurement Techniques Using Magnetic Field Probes
Signal and Noise Measurement Techniques Using Magnetic Field Probes Abstract: Magnetic loops have long been used by EMC personnel to sniff out sources of emissions in circuits and equipment. Additional
More informationEMI Shielded Windows & Contrast Enhancement Filters
EMI Shielded Windows & Contrast Enhancement Filters SECTION CONTENTS PAGE EmiClare TM GP EMI shielded windows 1 WIN-SHIELD TM optical products 172 WIN-SHIELD TM AgF8 conductive film 174 Europe TEL +(44)
More informationA Dual-Polarized MIMO Antenna with EBG for 5.8 GHz WLAN Application
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 51, 15 2, 215 A Dual-Polarized MIMO Antenna with EBG for 5.8 GHz WLAN Application Xiaoyan Zhang 1, 2, *, Xinxing Zhong 1,BinchengLi 3, and Yiqiang Yu
More informationImplementation of Polarization Diversity for MIMO Application
Implementation of Polarization Diversity for MIMO Application Khushdeep Kaur Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran Abstract: While using single frequency and polarization when a signal undergoes successive
More informationThe Effect of Backrest Roller on Warp Tension in Modern Loom
The Effect of Backrest Roller on Warp Tension in Modern Loom Toufique Ahmed, (M.Sc.) Department of Textile Engineering, National Institute of Textile of Engineering & Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh Kazi Sowrov,
More informationObjectives of transmission lines
Introduction to Transmission Lines Applications Telephone Cable TV (CATV, or Community Antenna Television) Broadband network High frequency (RF) circuits, e.g., circuit board, RF circuits, etc. Microwave
More informationA CPW-fed Microstrip Fork-shaped Antenna with Dual-band Circular Polarization
Machine Copy for Proofreading, Vol. x, y z, 2016 A CPW-fed Microstrip Fork-shaped Antenna with Dual-band Circular Polarization Chien-Jen Wang and Yu-Wei Cheng * Abstract This paper presents a microstrip
More informationChapter 7 Design of the UWB Fractal Antenna
Chapter 7 Design of the UWB Fractal Antenna 7.1 Introduction F ractal antennas are recognized as a good option to obtain miniaturization and multiband characteristics. These characteristics are achieved
More informationL-slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX and WLAN Applications
L-slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX and WLAN Applications Danish Hayat Bhagwant University, Ajmer, India Abstract: This paper is based on design and simulation of rectangular Microstrip Patch
More informationSeries Micro Strip Patch Antenna Array For Wireless Communication
Series Micro Strip Patch Antenna Array For Wireless Communication Ashish Kumar 1, Ridhi Gupta 2 1,2 Electronics & Communication Engg, Abstract- The concept of Microstrip Antenna Array with high efficiency
More informationCOMPACT WIDE-SLOT TRI-BAND ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 18, 9 18, 2010 COMPACT WIDE-SLOT TRI-BAND ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS Q. Zhao, S. X. Gong, W. Jiang, B. Yang, and J. Xie National Laboratory
More informationA Comparative Analysis of Two Different Directional Antennas for WLAN Applications
A Comparative Analysis of Two Different Directional Antennas for WLAN Applications C.Hamsalakshmi 1, K.Shanthalakshmi 2 PG Scholar, Department of ECE, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamilnadu,
More informationAn MNG-TL Loop Antenna for UHF Near-Field RFID Applications
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 52, 79 85, 215 An MNG-TL Loop Antenna for UHF Near-Field RFID Applications Hu Liu *, Ying Liu, Ming Wei, and Shuxi Gong Abstract A loop antenna is designed
More informationHIGH GAIN AND LOW CROSS-POLAR COMPACT PRINTED ELLIPTICAL MONOPOLE UWB ANTENNA LOADED WITH PARTIAL GROUND AND PARASITIC PATCHES
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 43, 151 167, 2012 HIGH GAIN AND LOW CROSS-POLAR COMPACT PRINTED ELLIPTICAL MONOPOLE UWB ANTENNA LOADED WITH PARTIAL GROUND AND PARASITIC PATCHES G. Shrikanth
More informationCOMPACT PLANAR MICROSTRIP CROSSOVER FOR BEAMFORMING NETWORKS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 33, 123 132, 2012 COMPACT PLANAR MICROSTRIP CROSSOVER FOR BEAMFORMING NETWORKS B. Henin * and A. Abbosh School of ITEE, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072,
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/4/9/eaau0920/dc1 Supplementary Materials for 2D titanium carbide (MXene) for wireless communication Asia Sarycheva, Alessia Polemi, Yuqiao Liu, Kapil Dandekar,
More informationA COMPACT MULTIBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 23, 147 155, 2011 A COMPACT MULTIBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS Z.-N. Song, Y. Ding, and K. Huang National Key Laboratory of Antennas
More information