Prof. Alain BOUSCAYROL, Dr. Philippe DELARUE, Dr. Walter LHOMME L2EP, University Lille1, MEGEVH network,

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1 EMR 11 Lausanne July 2011 Joint Summer School EMR 11 Energetic Macroscopic Representation Prof. Alain BOUSCAYROL, Dr. Philippe DELARUE, Dr. Walter LHOMME L2EP, University Lille1, MEGEVH network,

2 - Outline - EMR 11, Lausanne, July Wind Energy Conversion System Studied System EMR of the WECS Inversion-based control of the WECS 2. PhotoVoltaic Conversion System Studied System EMR of the PV system Inversion-based control of the PV system

3 EMR 11 Lausanne July 2011 Joint Summer School EMR 11 Energetic Macroscopic Representation A. Bouscayrol, X. Guillaud (University of Lille 1, France) R. Teodorescu (University of Aalborg, Denmark)

4 - Studied WECS - 4 Chosen WECS for variable speed and variable frequency: a squirrel cage IM and two VSI i im1 i rect i line1 i trans1 v wind C blade C Ω shaft gear u rect13 i im2 u cap C u inv13 i line2 u trans13 u grid13 i trans2 Ω gear Ω shaft C im u rect23 u inv23 u trans23 u grid23 i inv wind blades shaft & gearbox induction machine Voltage Source Inverter capacitor Voltage Source Inverter line & filter transformer electric grid WECS control Technical requirements: provide the maximum active power P and control the reactive power Q

5 - EMR of the blades - 5 v wind F blade F tang T blade C T R blade F blade v blade Ω shaft v wind T blade F blade Ω shaft C T = f(λ)

6 - EMR of the mechanical powertrain - 6 T blade Ω ls Ω ls Ω hs T 2 Ω hs Ω ls T 1 T 1 T 2 Ω hs T im slow speed shaft gearbox high speed shaft Ω ls Ω ls Ω hs Ω hs T blade T 1 T 2 T im

7 - EMR of the mechanical powertrain - 7 Element association? T blade Ω ls Ω ls Ω hs OK T 2 Ω hs Ω ls T 1 T 1 T 2 Ω hs T im Equivalent power train T blade Ω ls 1. permutation T 1 Ω ls Ω hs T blade Ω shaft Ω gear Ω ls T 1 Ω ls T 2 T im Ω shaft T gear T im 2. merging J eq = J + k 1 J 2 2

8 - EMR of the squirrel cage IM - 8 2r 2s v s3 i s2 v s2 1r pω rotor θ r/s v s1 i s1 1s stator Park s transformation q i sq d v rq v i rq sq i sd v sd i rd v rd 1r rotor θ r/s θ d/s 1s stator i s3 3s 3r Modelling simplifications:

9 - EMR of the squirrel cage IM - Stator windings in (d,q) θ d/s 9 Coupling device e s-dq i s-dq i stator Ω gear i s-dq v s-dq u stator e r-dq i r-dq i rotor φ r T im i r-dq v r-dq u rotor =0 Simplified EMR θ d/r Park s transformations Ω gear e stator i stator Rotor windings in (d,q) T im i stator u stator Squirrel cage permutation of windings and transformation concatenation of EM conversion and transformation

10 - EMR of the back-to-back VSI - 10 i im1 i rect i filt1 u rect13 i im2 u cap C i filt2 u inv13 u rect23 u inv23 i ond i im i rect u cap u inv Rect Inv u rect u cap s rect i inv i line s inv

11 - EMR of the grid connexion - 11 u inv i 1 u 1 i 2 i 2 i 3 u 3 i 3 i 1 u 1 i 2 u 2 u 2 u 3 i 3 u grid i 1 i 2 i 3 u inv13 u 13-1 u 13-2 u 13-3 u grid-13 filter line 1 Ideal transformer line 2

12 - EMR of the grid connexion - 12 Element association? u inv i 1 u 1 i 2 i 2 i 3 u 3 i 3 OK i 1 u 1 i 2 u 2 u 2 u 3 i 3 u grid 1. merging u inv i 1 2. permutation u 2 i 2 i 3 u inv i line i transf i 1 u 2 i 2 u 3 u grid i line u transf u grid 3. merging

13 - EMR of the WECS - 13 i im1 i rect i line1 i trans1 v wind C blade C Ω shaft gear u rect13 i im2 u cap C u inv13 i line2 u trans13 u grid13 i trans2 Ω gear Ω shaft C im u rect23 u inv23 u trans23 u grid23 i inv wind blades shaft & gearbox induction machine Voltage Source Inverter capacitor Voltage Source Inverter line & filter transformer electric grid v wind Wind T blade Ω shaft Ω gea r e im i im i rect u cap u inv i line T i transf grid F blade Ω shaft T gear T im i im u rect u cap i inv i line u transf u grid m rect m inv blade equivalent power train induction machine rectifier capacitor inverter equivalent line & transformer

14 - Tuning chains of the WECS - 14 blade v wind Wind F blade T blade equivalent power train Ω shaft induction machine rectifier capacitor inverter equivalent line & transformer Ω shaft T gear Ω gea r e im i im i rect u cap u inv T im i im u rect u cap m rect i inv m inv i line ref 1? ref 2??? i line T u transf i transf grid u grid ref 3? ref 4? objectives: active power P reactive power Q constraints: capacitor voltage machine flux 2 freedom degrees 2 freedom degrees

15 - WECS control with MPPT - 15 blade equivalent power train induction machine rectifier v wind T blade Ω shaft Ω gear e im i im Wind DC bus F blade Ω shaft T gear T im i im u rect Φ im-ref m rect FOC PWM T gear-ref T im-ref i im-ref u rect-ref MPPT T gear-ref FOC: Field oriented Control PWM: Pulse Width Modulation MPPT = Maximum Power Point Tracking

16 - MPPT strategy - 16 Ω shaft-mes P max MPPT look-up table Power (kw) m/s 4 m/s 5 m/s 6 m/s 7 m/s 8m/s 9 m/s 10 m/s 11 m/s 12 m/s 13 m/s Pref wind velocity T gear-ref Rotation speed (rpm) Ω shaft-mes MPPT T gear-ref P max #T gear Ω shaft Ω max MPPT = Maximum Power Point Tracking

17 EMR 11 Lausanne July 2011 Joint Summer School EMR 11 Energetic Macroscopic Representation Dr. W. Lhomme, Dr. P. Delarue, Prof. A. Bouscayrol, (University of Lille 1, France)

18 - Studied PV System - 18 PV control Technical requirements: provide the maximum active power P

19 - EMR of the PV System - 19 PV panel i pv u C i L i bc Battery u C i L u bc u bat m bc

20 - EMR of the PV System - 20 filter chopper PV panel i pv u C i L i bc Battery u C i L u bc m bc u bat

21 - Inversion-based control of the PV System - 21 filter chopper PV panel i pv u C i L i bc Battery u C i L u bc m bc u bat i pv-mes u C-ref i L-ref u bc-ref MPPT u C-ref MPPT = Maximum Power Point Tracking

22 - MPPT strategy of the PV System - 22 i pv-mes u C-mes MPPT u C-ref MPPT = Maximum Power Point Tracking

23 EMR 11 Lausanne July 2011 Joint Summer School EMR 11 Energetic Macroscopic Representation

24 - References - EMR 11, Lausanne, July A. Bouscayrol, P. Delarue, Simplifications of the Maximum Control Structure of a wind energy conversion system with an induction generator", International Journal of Energy Engineering, Bol. 4, no. 2, August 2002, pp Renew P. Delarue, A. Bouscayrol, A. Tounzi, X. Guillaud, G. Lancigu, Modelling, control and simulation of an overall wind cenergy conversion system",renewable Energy,vol. 28, no. 8, pp , July 2003, (common paper L2EP Lille and Jeumont SA). A. Bouscayrol, P. Delarue, X. Guillaud, Power strategies for Maximum Control Structure of a wind energy conversion system with a synchronous machine", Renewable Energy, vol. 30, May 2005, pp A. Bouscayrol, X. Guillaud, R. Teodorescu, P. Delarue, "Validation of MPPT strategy for a wind energy conversion system using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation",ieee-optim'06, Brasov (Romania), May 2006 (common paper of L2EP and University of Aalborg). A. Bouscayrol, X. Guillaud, R. Teodorescu, P. Delarue, W. Lhomme, "Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of different wind turbines using Energetic Macroscopic Representation", IEEE- IECON'06, Paris, November 2006, (common paper of L2EP and University of Aalborg). A. Bouscayrol, X. Guillaud, P. Delarue, B. Lemaire-S , Energetic Macroscopic Representation and inversion-based control illustrated on a wind energy conversion systems using Hardware-inthe-loop simulation, IEEE transactions on Industrial Electronics, to be published in 2009, available on Xplore