No part of this manual may be copied, transcribed, translated or reproduced in

Transcription

1

2

3 No part of this manual may be copied, transcribed, translated or reproduced in any manner or form whatsoever, for commercial purposes, without obtaining prior written permission from Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd. However, limited copying is permitted for private use providing authorship is acknowledged Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd. Revision date: June 2006 Literature Reference: vhf-90m user guide - 08 bookfold.doc

4 page 60 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd CONTENTS 1. Introduction About This Guide Glossary of Terms Overview Of The VHF-90M What is Low Band VHF? Modes of Communication Legacy Mode Encrypted Fixed Frequency Free Channel Search Frequency Hopping Basic Operation of the VHF-90M Front Panel Display Default Display Automatic Display Time-out Front Panel Controls Push On/Off Switch Volume Control Knob Channel up/down Scroll Keys Selecting a Communication Mode Making a Call How to Make a Voice Call NATO Phonetic Alphabet To Begin Communication Viewing the Transmit Frequency Erase Function Modes of Communications Legacy Mode Basic Description...19 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd Contents 1

5 Hz Squelch System (CTCSS) Standard Squelch System Secure Modes Overview of Secure Modes Encrypted Fixed Frequency Free Channel Search (FCS) Frequency Hopping Advanced Operation of the VHF-90M Channel Scanning Mode (SCAN) Variable Frequency Display Whisper Mode Selective Calling (Selcall) DTMF Handset Sending a Selcall Selcall Resend Receiving a Selcall Selcall Function Summary Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) Programming the VHF-90M PC Programming Mode Clone Mode DTMF Handset Field Programming VHF-90M Accessories Batteries Docking Station Start Up Sequence Shut Down Sequence Setting the VDS-90M into By-Pass Mode Booster Amplifier Battery Charger AC/DC Charger...44 Contents 2 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 12. NOTES Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 59

6 11. FURTHER READING Other publications and documents produced by Q-MAC include: VHF-90M Technical Manual VDS-90M Vehicular Docking Station VHF-50M 50W Booster Amplifier VHF-90M Programming Package Quick Reference Guide VHF-90M Vehicle Package Quick Reference Guide In addition to the above, Q-MAC can supply Data Sheets on the various VHF-90M packages and accessories which are available. Please contact Q-MAC or its representatives for further details. page 58 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 7. Configurations Manpack/Manportable Antenna Vehicular VHF-50M Booster Amplifier VDS-90M Docking Station Installing the VHF-90M Vehicle Package Positioning the VHF-90M Vehicle Package VHF-90M Vehicle Antenna Base Station VHF-50M Power Amplifier VDS-90M Docking Station Power Supply Unit Base Station Discone Antenna Construction of the VHF-90M Pressure Testing Port Handset Connector (Front Panel) Power Connector (Rear Panel) Technical specifications Accessories Further Reading Notes...59 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd Contents 3

7 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. About This Guide This guide provides information to ensure optimum performance from the VHF-90M. This guide describes how to set up and operate a fixed frequency mode radio and a frequency hopping radio network. It includes full programming and configuration details for a VHF-90M. It also contains an Appendix detailing Field and PC Programming Glossary of Terms ANT Antenna BITE Built In Test Equipment CTCSS Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System DES Digital Encryption Standard DSP Digital Signal Processor DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency (touch-pad) ECCM Electronic Counter Counter Measures ECM Electronic Counter Measures ESM Electronic Support Measures EW Electronic Warfare FCS Free Channel Search FEC Forward Error Correction FM Frequency Modulation FSK Frequency Shift Keying Hz Hertz (measure of frequency) ID Identification khz Kilohertz (measure of frequency) LRRP Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol MHz Megahertz (measure of frequency) PC Personal Computer PCB Printed Circuit Board PTT Push to Talk RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator VHF Very High Frequency page 4 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 10. ACCESSORIES Q-MAC supplies a complete range of support accessories for the VHF-90M whether the VHF-90M is used as a portable, vehicle-mount, master station, or multi-role VHF-90M. Some of the accessories include: Antennas, portable, vehicle and master station. Batteries - rechargeable and non-rechargeable. Battery chargers - mains power, vehicle battery, solar and hand held. Mains power supply units. External speakers c/w audio mute (squelch) facility. Vehicle Installation Kits. Rebro/Remote control Kits. Booster Amplifiers Please contact Q-MAC or its representatives for more information on the accessories available. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 57

8 ECCM Parameters Secure Modes Comsec Digital Encrypted Fixed Frequency Transec Digital Encrypted Frequency Hopping Mode FCS Digital Encrypted Free Channel Search Hop Rate 100 hops per second Hop Sequence Pseudo-random Hop Algorithm DES Hop Bandwidth 6.4MHz Hop Synchronisation Inaudible Synch burst from Master Station Late Entry Possible VHF-50M Amplifier Specifications Output Power 50W ± 0.5dB Harmonic Radiation -60dB Spurious Emission -65dB Frequency Range 30-88MHz Power Supply 11-30V DC Front Panel Connection RF In, Antenna Out, VDS Control In, Aux (Audio and PTT In and Audio Out), DC Input. Indicators RF Present, DC Supply, Fault Condition BITE Advanced module diagnostics and error conditions VDS-90M Docking Station Power Supply 11-30V DC Front Panel Connection 2 nd Handset/Headset, RF Out, Aux (Audio and PTT In and Audio Out, DC In), Field Telephone, Rebro Control, Remote Control BITE Advanced module diagnostics and error conditions page 56 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 2. OVERVIEW OF THE VHF-90M The illustration above shows the VHF-90M with battery pack. The VHF-90M is a state of the art communication device specifically designed for tactical military applications. The VHF-90M is manufactured to meet MIL STD 810-F, for immersion, shock, vibration, dust and temperature endurance. The development of the VHF-90M represents a significant breakthrough in the field of military VHF communications. For the first time, radio operators have access to a product that is affordable, yet offers a very high grade of voice security and backwards compatibility. The VHF-90M is extremely compact and light, featuring only essential controls to ensure ease of operation with minimal operator training. It is available with secure, jam-resistant ECCM Frequency Hopping, and legacy (fixed frequency) mode operation for backwards compatibility with existing field radios (eg PRC77). The development of the VHF-90M makes available for the first time, a simple ECCM military tactical VHF transceiver, at a cost significantly less than other military transceivers. Military users will appreciate the solid construction and ease of use of Q-MAC transceivers. The mechanical design of the VHF-90M provides the fastest field Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 5

9 service time, with only four fasteners providing access to all modules. The VHF-90M is extremely reliable due to the advanced SMD manufacturing process used and overall mechanical design efficiency. Emphasis in the design of the VHF-90M has been placed on value engineering to ensure low cost of ownership over a long service life. The VHF-90M has been designed with the tactical field user in mind. Only essential controls are included on the front panel for normal operations. However, advanced programming functionality is available from submenus, in either field or PC programming. Basic functions are useable with a minimum of training. The VHF-90M has a quality, high specification design. It provides full frequency coverage from 30-88MHz and has capacity for up to ten pre-assigned programmed channels. The unit can operate at three selected power levels up to 5 watts, whilst achieving the low battery consumption. The technical specification of the VHF-90M will enable reliable communications up to distances of 10km or more, depending on antenna choice, terrain and local noise levels. In addition, the VHF-90M exhibits superior signal handling capability, delivering excellent reception even in the most crowded radio environments where enemy jamming is deployed. In short, this revolutionary new transceiver incorporates the very latest in RF and DSP design technology, making the VHF-90M the most compact, versatile, high performance VHF Frequency Hopping transceiver available in the military market. It is suitable for manpack, vehicle and base station roles through the addition of docking station What is Low Band VHF? VHF (Very High Frequency) is the part of the radiofrequency spectrum between 30 and 300MHz. The portion of spectrum between 30 and 88MHz is known as Low Band VHF. For tactical purposes, it has the highly desirable property of giving BLOS (beyond line of sight) propagation permitting communication over vegetated or urban terrain. It is markedly superior to High Band VHF and UHF in its native capability and does not depend upon repeaters to the same degree. Consequently, it is attractive for military use where protection of repeater assets may be problematic. page 6 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd Transmission Specifications Output Power 3 Levels. Hi 5 W, Med 0.5 watt, Lo 50mW Frequency Stability ± 2.5ppm Deviation Factory Settable ± 3kHz to ± 7kHz Modulation FM (F3E) in Legacy Mode Harmonic Radiation -50dB Spurious Emission -55dB Intermediate Frequencies MHz and 455kHz Receive Specifications Receiver Sensitivity -116dBm for 12dB SINAD Blocking >85dB Adjacent Channel Suppression +70dB Image Suppression +80dB Spurious Suppression >50dB AF Output 2% distortion Squelch 150Hz Tone (PRC-77 Compatible) and Signal Threshold in Digital Modes Mechanical and Environmental Specifications Weight 1kg with Battery Pack Dimensions 82 x 223 x 54mm Temperature Operating -20 C to +60 C Storage -30 C to +80 C Immersion Per Mil-Std 810F Drop Per Mil-Std 810F Vibration Per Mil-Std 810F Construction Aluminium Extrusion Body, Injection Moulded Aluminium Front and Rear End Caps, High Impact Lexan Moulded Battery Casing Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 55

10 9. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS General Specifications Frequency Range 30-88MHz Channel Resolution 25kHz (2320 Channels) Pre-Programmed Channels 10 Selective Calling Numeric Individual and Group Call Power Supply 12V DC Batteries 10 x 1.2V DC NiMH Battery Battery Endurance Typical 14 Hours 9:1 Rx:Tx Power Consumption 1.5A Receive 150mA Standby 20mA Whisper -20dB under nominal level Squelch 150Hz Tone Squelch in Legacy Mode Digital Level Squelch in Secure Modes Secure Modes Transec Digital Encrypted Fixed Frequency Comsec Digital Encrypted Frequency Hopping & Digital Encrypted Free Channel Search Audio Coding DSP Based Antenna 5/16 26TPI Screw Thread (Compatible with PRC-25, PRC-77 Antenna. 1m Tape Whip, 6 Section 3m Collapsible Whip, 300mm Flexible Rubber Antenna Controls Shaft Encoder (Volume, ON/OFF and Advanced Menu Control), Channel Up/Down, Secure On/Off, Hop On/Off Display High Reliability 5 Digit 7 Segment LED with programmable blanking and Frequency/Channel display. Programming Field Programming via DTMF Keypad, PC Programming via RS232 and Terminal Emulation and Windows PC Programming Software and Fill Gun. BITE Advanced module diagnostics and error conditions MTTR 10 Minutes MTBF 8000 Hours page 54 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 2.2. Modes of Communication Legacy Mode Fixed frequency mode is often referred to as legacy mode. Older tactical VHF tactical radios such as PRC-77, operated in part of the 30-88MHz band with 50kHz or 25kHz channel spacing. They also used a 150Hz sub audible squelch pilot tone. These facilities are included in the VHF-90M to provide compatibility with these radios. It has the same features but with superior operating performance without complex controls and operating systems Encrypted Fixed Frequency Free Channel Search The Free Channel Search mode will scan a set of ten programmed channels in order to determine the lowest RSSI within the channels. The FCS mode will build a dynamic table of all the channel RSSI signals, whilst scanning for the unique presence of a compatible VHF-90M transmitting on one of the scanned channels. If a valid transmitter ID is found, the unit will decode the information on that channel and remain on the channel for the channel timeout time. This mode can be enabled or disabled by briefly pressing the ON/OFF button and the SEC key at the same time. When a VHF-90M is transmitting, the unit will transmit on one of the four lowest RSSI channels in order to improve security. The channel that is selected will be a random choice of these channels from the dynamic RSSI table. After transmission, it will remain on the channel after the PTT period for the channel timeout time and then begin scanning again Frequency Hopping Conventional fixed frequency radios are designed to transmit and receive on a single fixed channel. This makes them vulnerable to Electronic Warfare (EW) techniques such as interception and jamming. Interception is the unauthorised monitoring of radio traffic, which may place the operator at a severe disadvantage. Jamming is the deliberate disruption of communication by operating a transmitter (jammer) on the same frequency as the radio traffic. Whilst scramblers and speech encryption devices may provide some degree of resistance to the threat of interception, they are ineffective against jammers, because they still operate on a Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 7

11 single, fixed frequency. Furthermore, a scrambled / encrypted frequency network will actually attract jamming since it is obviously carrying sensitive traffic. Frequency hopping is the only effective counter measure to both forms of electronic attack Frequency Hopping Applications The radio is designed for military and paramilitary users who require VHF communications for tactical use on the battlefield, in rural or urban environments. It is suitable for use in theatres where ESM and ECM assets have been deployed by the enemy. It is also useful to aid and relief organisations and observer agencies, which may be seriously compromised in their operations, through interception and jamming of radio traffic from elements within a technically aware population. A growing problem for military and aid organisations is the proliferation of low cost amateur VHF radios and scanners, which can be easily modified for interception and jamming. The VHF-90M, with frequency hopping, presents an immediate, cost effective solution to these problems. page 8 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 8.2. Handset Connector (Front Panel) Ground (Battery ve) Speaker Output Control/Transmit Data Push to Talk (/PTT)/Receive Data Microphone Input Power Out +5 volts (100mA max) 8.3. Power Connector (Rear Panel) Vent Test Holes Battery +ve Ext Audio Input Transmit Data Battery -ve Receive Data Audio Output External RF Input/ Output Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 53

12 8. CONSTRUCTION OF THE VHF-90M 8.1. Pressure Testing Port There is a Pressure Testing Port located inside the battery compartment on the main body of the VHF-90M. This is used for immersion testing and must not be tampered with in any way except for pressure testing. Pressure test Port The unit has been immersion tested up to a depth of one metre as per method of the Military Standard MILSTD-810F. When pressure testing the VHF-90M, a pressure of 5psi over atmospheric should be applied over a period of two minutes. page 52 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 3. BASIC OPERATION OF THE VHF-90M 3.1. Front Panel Display Default Display The default display on the VHF-90M will show the receive frequency in use. This default display is always preceded by the current display command in operation (which times out after approximately two seconds). The VHF-90M will always revert to a default display in the following circumstances: When it is first switched on, or When a function has been cancelled, or When a function has automatically timed out Automatic Display Time-out The VHF-90M incorporates an automatic display time-out facility, which applies to the use of most advanced functions within the set (including sending Selcalls). The time-out facility will take effect once a function key from the DTMF keypad on the handset has been pressed. Once the function is completed, or if another key is not pressed, the display will automatically time-out after five seconds. At this point the VHF-90M will revert to the default display. If the auto display OFF has also been set, then after another six seconds the display will go off as indicated by a scrolling decimal point. Any key press will reset this mode. The auto display off feature is designed for additional covertness and night operations to avoid drawing enemy fire Front Panel Controls The following illustration shows the operating controls on the front panel of the VHF-90M. The next Section of this Guide (on page 28), gives detailed instructions on how to use each of these controls. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 9

13 Antenna LED Display Power Push On/Off & Volume Hopping mode On/Off Secure Mode On/Off Channel Down Channel Up Microphone, Headset, PTT Connector Push On/Off Switch Switching the VHF-90M ON To switch the VHF-90M ON, press and hold the main volume control knob for one second. When the VHF-90M is switched on, an audible beep is heard and the front panel display appears as below: page 10 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 7.3. Base Station VHF-50M Power Amplifier The VHF-50M Amplifier is mounted in vehicular platforms by a system known as installation Infrastructure. This installation kit is designed to protect the equipment when it is to be installed in either tracked or wheeled military platforms VDS-90M Docking Station The primary function of the VDS-90M is to provide power to the VHF-90M and enable it to control accessories, whilst facilitating its mounting into a Base Station or vehicular platform. It is designed to accommodate a VHF-90M permanently fitted to the unit or a VHF-90M from a manportable configuration to simply plug-in, once its battery pack is unclipped Power Supply Unit The VHF-90M Power Supply Unit is designed to provide the Base Station with a compatible power supply suitable for running the VHF-90M. It is available with a wide variety of mains power connectors for various countries Base Station Discone Antenna The Discone provides either a permanent or semi-permanent base station solution. It is omni-directional and suitable for short to medium range voice and data communications. With a frequency range of 30-88MHz, its broadband characteristics make it suitable for use with the Frequency Hopping mode of operation. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 51

14 7.2.4 Positioning the VHF-90M Vehicle Package Ensure that the VHF-90M is mounted in a position that allows easy access for operation. The loudspeaker should be positioned close to where the operator will sit. The VHF-90M must be mounted in a position that allows a free flow of air over the external case. When mounting the VHF-90M in a vehicle, use the QMAC VHF-90M Mounting Cradle. Assembly instructions are provided with each cradle. In a vehicle installation, the VHF-90M may be mounted under the dashboard of the vehicle, in the centre console, up against the centre console (with the front panel facing upward) or in an overhead shelf/console. The VHF-90M should not be mounted on top of a vehicle dashboard where it is exposed to direct sunlight. In some places, the temperature within a car can reach temperatures in excess of 60 C. The top of the dashboard is usually the hottest part of a vehicle VHF-90M Vehicle Antenna This antenna is made up of the QM172M Military Vehicle Whip. The whip elements are made of high tensile aluminium tubing and include brass and stainless steel fittings. The top section of the top element has a fitting allowing the antenna to be pulled over and tied down, if required. The base plate is made from machined aluminium. page 50 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd Lb-90 This display shows the Product designator of the radio - VHF-90. This display is shown for half a second, immediately followed by another display showing the fitted software release designator. For example: U1.01A This display shows: Option Level A Release 1, Version 01. The display showing software information will display each character one at a time with approximately half a second between digits, this display will also time-out after three seconds. The display will then show the Selcall ID (4 digits) for one second. At this point, the VHF-90M will scan for external devices (Plug and Play) connected to it. These devices include DTMF microphone option, external Rebroadcast Unit (called Rebro Unit for short), Vehicular Docking Station and a 50 watt Booster Amplifier. If the VHF-90M finds devices, it will report their device ID on the front display. Device ID statuses that can be reported on the display are: DTMF Microphone is connected Rebro Unit is connected Vehicular Docking Station is connected Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 11

15 watt Booster Amplifier is connected r E P t Unit is in back to back repeater mode C L O n E Unit has been detected and is ready to clone b L U E Blue Tooth adaptor is present for programming F I L L A fill gun is connected ready for programming The VHF-90M will then revert to last channel/frequency in use when the radio was switched off. If the auto display OFF function has been enabled the unit will turn the display off after about six seconds. This mode is indicated by a scrolling point on the display. Any activation of the keys on the front panel will reset the display to the key that is pressed state This display shows: Standard Frequency Mode with frequency set to MHz Switching the VHF-90M OFF To switch the VHF-90M off, press and hold the Volume knob for two seconds. After one second, a countdown will be on the display to show when the unit is going to turn off, continue holding the key until the unit goes off. The feature has been included to avoid false deactivation. page 12 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 7.2. Vehicular All VHF-90Ms that are purchased as part of a Vehicle Package are supplied with a Quick Reference Guide, which explains how to achieve the best results from the radio and antenna system VHF-50M Booster Amplifier The VHF-50M Amplifier is mounted in vehicular platforms by a system known as installation Infrastructure. This installation kit is designed to protect the equipment when it is to be installed in either tracked or wheeled military platforms VDS-90M Docking Station The primary function of the VDS-90M is to provide power to the VHF-90M and enable it to control accessories, whilst facilitating its mounting onto a vehicular platform. It is designed to accommodate a VHF-90M permanently fitted to the unit or a VHF-90M from a manportable configuration to simply plug-in, once its battery pack is unclipped Installing the VHF-90M Vehicle Package Firstly, decide where to mount the VHF-90M. This should be fixed somewhere that is both convenient and safe for operator use. Examples of typical locations include the following: In a vertical position, up against the centre console, on the passenger side. In a vertical position, up against the rear of the centre console. Under the vehicle dashboard. On the roof of the vehicle (inside), between the two visors. In an overhead console. Wherever possible, do not mount the antenna against the metalwork of the vehicle, as this will result in a loss of radiated signal. The best location will be subject to the particular make and model of the vehicle, as well as the nature of the application and personal preferences. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 49

16 7.1.1 Antenna Flexible Tape Whip The flexible tape whip antenna (1m) is suited for use in jungle forestry areas. It has a frequency coverage between 30 and 88Mhz and comes complete with gooseneck. To attach the tape whip antenna to the VHF-90M, screw the threaded end of the antenna into the antenna socket on the top left of the VHF-90M. Six Section Whip The collapsible six section whip antenna (3m) has a frequency coverage between 30 and 88MHz. The collapsed length is 500mm. To attach the six section whip antenna to the VHF-90M, screw the threaded end of the antenna into the antenna socket on the top left on the VHF-90M. Short Rubber Whip The short Rubber Whip antenna (60cm) has frequency coverage between 30 and 88MHZ. It is ideal for intra-squad communications in close range applications. To attach the Short Rubber Whip antenna to the VHF-90M, screw the threaded end of the antenna into the antenna socket on the top left on the VHF- 90M. page 48 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 0FF 02 Unit will turn OFF in two seconds Volume Control Knob Adjusting the Volume To increase or decrease the volume (of received signal) on the VHF-90M, rotate the VOLUME control knob in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. The VOLUME control knob on the VHF-90M uses an Incremental Shaft Encoder. This means that there are no physical endstops when adjusting the volume, so that the knob can be rotated without coming to a stop. As you rotate the knob you will detect the high/low limits. These limits are identified when turning the knob has no affect on the volume. A small audible click occurs with each increase and decrease of volume. The volume indicator, if enabled, will show the maximum reading of 30 and minimum of Channel up/down Scroll Keys Selecting a Pre-programmed Channel When the radio is displaying the frequency in use, it is necessary to press a CHAN key in order to display the channel in use. Then, to select a channel higher than the one in use, press the CHAN (up) key. Press and release the CHAN (up) key to proceed to the next (higher) programmed channel. Press and hold down the CHAN (up) key to scroll upward through a number of channels rapidly. When the desired channel number is reached, simply release the CHAN (up) key and the display will stop on the new channel number. For example: Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 13

17 CH.02 This display shows that the selected channel is Channel 02. The channel display will time out after two seconds, and the operating frequency (receive frequency) will be displayed. To select a channel lower than the one in use, press the CHAN (down) key in the same manner as mentioned above for the CHAN (up) key. Once the appropriate channel has been selected, commence communication. To transmit, simply press and hold down the PTT switch on the handset. When PTT is pressed, the display will indicate the transmitter frequency Channel Configuration The maximum number of channels that can be programmed into the VHF-90M is ten. Note that when scrolling, the channel numbers will wrap around from highest to lowest and vice versa. The channel frequencies can be programmed via the PC interface or by using a DTMF handset. Transmit and receive frequencies can be programmed differently for half duplex or the same for normal net working. The VHF-90M also contains an additional set of ten special frequencies that are used for the SCAN and FCS modes that are the same for transmit and receive Selecting a Communication Mode See also section Legacy In Legacy Mode, the VHF-90M operates on the selected fixed channel using analog FM modulation and a 150Hz sub-audible squelch tone. This allows communication with compatible legacy transceivers (PRC-77, Stanag 4204). This mode is in operation when no other secure mode is selected. page 14 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 7. CONFIGURATIONS The equipment chosen and the way in which it is set up will affect the performance of VHF communications. The choice of antenna system and power supply is critical. What is good for one system is not necessarily good for another. The way in which the system is installed is also extremely important Manpack/Manportable A manpack consists of a VHF-90M, battery pack, antenna and radio mounting hardware. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 47

18 Specifications 100 ~ 240V AC input for AC adaptor 11 to 36 volts input for AC or DC supply voltages of at least 30 watts NiMh (2400) standard charge at 500mA then final top up at 240mA and hold trickle at 50mA. page 46 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd Encrypted Fixed Frequency The Encrypted Fixed Frequency mode sets the VHF-90M to a digital, encrypted transmission on a fixed channel. This mode is toggled on and off by briefly pressing the SEC button Free Channel Search The Free Channel Search mode sets the VHF-90M to a digital, encrypted transmission across ten pre-programmed channels. This mode is toggled on and off by briefly pressing the ON/OFF button and the SEC key at the same time Frequency Hopping The Frequency Hopping mode sets the VHF-90M to a digital, encrypted transmission, hopping across 256 frequencies over a 6.4MHz band. This mode is toggled on and off by briefly pressing the HOP button Making a Call How to Make a Voice Call There are a number of rules that should be observed when making a voice call on a VHF radio: Select an appropriate noise free channel. Before calling the other station, listen to the channel to see if it is busy. If the channel is busy, wait until communications have ceased. If the channel is free, proceed with the call. Press and hold down the PTT switch on the handset and give a short voice call identifying your own station and the station being called. Example: Hello two, this is one. Hello two, this is one. How do you read me? Over. You should end all communications with the word OVER. This indicates clearly to the other user that you have finished what you wish to say, so that they may speak. This is very important, particularly when speaking to someone who is on a telephone (via a telephone interconnect unit). Tactical radios are simplex, so it is not possible to talk and listen at the same time, so using OVER is essential. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 15

19 Ensure that your mouth is always close to the microphone (or mouthpiece on a telephone handset) when speaking over a VHF radio. As a general rule, speak more slowly and clearly. Instructions for making a Selcall (Selective Call) are outlined in section 5.4 of this Guide NATO Phonetic Alphabet When it is necessary to spell out words over the radio, use the following words to denote individual letters. The Radio Alphabet, listed below, is used in all countries as an International Standard. Letter Word Letter Word A Alpha N November B Bravo O Oscar C Charlie P Papa D Delta Q Quebec E Echo R Romeo F Foxtrot S Sierra G Golf T Tango H Hotel U Uniform I India V Victor J Juliet W Whisky K Kilo X X-ray L Lima Y Yankee M Mike Z Zulu To Begin Communication To begin communications (i.e. to transmit), simply press and hold down the PTT switch on the handset and then speak into the handset microphone in accordance page 16 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd At the completion of charging or just prior to use, turn off the charger at the AC wall socket and disconnect from the battery. If the AC Charger Fails to Operate Check all connections and that AC/DC power is turned on at the wall socket. Check that the pins from the charger to the battery are clean and free from obstructions. Ensure the indicators are always Green. If the AC/DC Charger is fitted with a connector, check that it is fully and correctly inserted into the sockets. If the AC/DC Charger still does not operate, return it to the supplier. Charger Protection The AC/DC Charger has the following protection: Over current protection Over and under voltage Short circuit protection Mounting Ensure that the AC Charger is installed and used in a moisture free environment. Care should be taken that the AC/DC Charger has adequate ventilation. User Service Information Ensure the AC/DC Charger leads and AC power cord are in good condition. Ensure that all connections are clean and free from corrosion. The unit contains a thermal fuse, which will automatically reset when the fault has been removed. Note: There are no user serviceable parts inside. Unauthorised opening of the AC Charger will void the warranty. If the AC cord is damaged, replace with an approved type of the same rating. Service personnel should ensure that the power source is disconnected from the Charger before opening the case. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 45

20 6.4.1 AC/DC Charger The AC/DC Charger may be used to charge the NiMh battery. It is important that these batteries are regularly and fully recharged and are not stored in a partially or fully discharged state. The Battery Charger is not intended for use as power supplies as the unit incorporates a float and boost circuit, which will stay in boost if a load as well as the battery is connected to the charger, possibly damaging the batteries. Prior to connecting the AC/DC Charger to the battery, check that the AC Charger is plugged into an AC output with an approved IEC320 AC cord and the switch is turned off or the charger is connected to an alternative voltage source that can supply at least 30 watts of power under load. The AC/DC charger is fitted with a polarised connector for the battery pack. It is highly recommended that the battery is aligned to the case before pushing into the charger. This ensures that the battery is connected with the right polarity every time. Make sure that the battery pack is fully inserted into the socket and the retaining clips are applied. After correctly connecting the Battery Charger to the AC wall outlet or suitable voltage source, the green LED will illuminate and flash at one-second intervals indicating that the power is present and the unit is operating. If the charging process begins, the RED LEDs on either end will change to fast flashing green, indicating that the battery is charging. The end indicator LEDs will flash at an even faster rate when the battery has passed its first charge point and enters the final top off mode. After this mode, the Green LEDs will revert to flashing at one-second intervals to indicate the battery has been fully charged. It is recommended that the charger be left connected to the battery and turned on at all times when the battery is not in use, as overcharging is not possible. page 44 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd with radio protocol. If the VHF-90M has different transmit and receive frequencies, then the different transmit frequency will be displayed during the transmit phase Viewing the Transmit Frequency To view the transmit frequency, simply press the PTT switch located on the handset. The display will show the frequency in MHz. As the channel spacing of the VHF-90M is 25kHz, the last two digits will be either 00, 25, 50 or 75. For example: This display shows a transmit frequency of MHz. When the PTT switch is released the channel number will also briefly display on the screen Erase Function The VHF-90M incorporates a direct Erase Function, which allows the operator to quickly and easily erase the memory and / or the DSP memory of the VHF-90M. This feature may be used if the VHF-90M is required to be reprogrammed or reset in the field (refer to the Appendix at the back of this Guide), or if the channel / frequency information needs to be erased, or in circumstances where the VHF-90M is about to fall into enemy hands. The PC programming software can be used to set or inhibit the erase functionality. The two options are: 1. Erase All. This will erase the entire DSP flash memory and render the radio inoperable. Return to factory will then be required for operation. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 17

21 2. Erase Settings. This option will just reset the radio to factory defaults erasing the DES hop code and channel information. The radio will still function when set up with the correct settings. To erase the memory of the VHF-90M, simply hold down the OFF key, and press and hold the SEC (Secure) key. When the counter times out to zero the display will appear as follows: ErASE This flashing display shows that the Erase Function is about to commence. If any key is pressed while the display is flashing, then the erase function will be cancelled. Otherwise, the display will increase the flash rate and after approximately ten seconds, the memory will have been erased. The display will then show a series of lines to confirm the erase function. The VHF-90M will then reset to the OFF condition. Special Note: This function will erase all channels in memory and set to default values. However if the ERASE ALL function is selected from the PC Menu for enemy capture then the entire operating system of the DSP will also be erased and the VHF-90M will not function again. The VHF-90M can only be rendered servicable again by returning the device to Q-MAC Electronics. page 18 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd Shut Down Sequence The Shut-Down Sequence for the VDS-90M is as follows: Press the rotary knob for two seconds to switch the VHF-90M off. The display will indicate: Off 1 Off 0 The VHF-90M will then switch itself OFF and all accessories connected to it such as handsets, VDS-90M (Docking Station), and VHF-50M (Booster Amplifier) Setting the VDS-90M into By-Pass Mode Hold down the Shift key while momentarily pressing the PTT key on the Handset, to toggle the setting Booster Amplifier The VHF-50M Booster Amplifier is used as an accessory to boost the VHF-90M output obtained through the VDS-90M Vehicle Docking Station to 50 watts. It can also be switched to Bypass mode via any Handset plugged into the system, enabling the VHF-90M to transmit directly to the antenna at whatever power level it is set to Battery Charger Q-MAC offers a variety of battery charger options, so that batteries may be charged from a solar source, mains power terminal or vehicle battery. The Battery Charger has been designed to automatically charge a variety of QMAC type batteries. The Battery Charger will automatically detect the battery type upon connection to the charger and charge the battery to the correct levels. The Battery Charger has been designed to accept a wide variety of input voltages so that just about any voltage source can be used to charge the battery pack. The Battery Charger will accept either AC or DC input voltages in the range of 11 to 36 volts. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 43

22 6.2. Docking Station The VDS-90M Docking Station allows a VHF-90M to be installed into a vehicle or base station application. It is an intelligent interface that recognises the configuration of the VHF-90M, rerouting the RF signal from the antenna connector on the front panel of the VHF-90M to the RF OUT connector on the rear of the VDS-90M Start Up Sequence Press the rotary knob for one second to switch the VHF-90M on. VHF-90M Display Reading Audio Notes Lb-90 None Indicates VHF-90M is in Low Band v None Indicates VHF-90M Firmware Revision SELcL None Indicates it is entering Selcall mode None Indicates the allocated Selcall ID PnP One beep Indicates VHF-90M is in Plug and Play mode x beep Indicates VHF-90M has recognised the accessory type VDS-90M x beep Indicates VHF-90M has recognised the accessory type Booster Amplifier VHF-50M VHF-50M green power LED will now stay on Rx audio Resets to the last frequency the VHF-90M was left in before power down page 42 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 4. MODES OF COMMUNICATIONS 4.1. Legacy Mode Basic Description The VHF-90M can operate in full legacy mode and interoperate with the PRC-77 and its equivalents. In legacy mode, the VHF-90M can send and receive communications with 150Hz tone coded squelch systems Hz Squelch System (CTCSS) The VHF-90M legacy mode operations are designed to be compatible with existing VHF units such as the PRC77. The VHF-90M channel spacing of 25kHz, and 150Hz tone squelch system, is implemented on the 10 programmable channels. The full power output of 5 watts and ability to use both large and small size PRC-77 compatible antennas ensures the system can be used seamlessly with older units in the field. Compatibility with handsets headgear and other audio accessories is also maintained. The 150Hz tone coded squelch system is used to open or un-mute the radio audio when a signal that contains a subcarrier of 150Hz is received. The operation is such that a conventional squelch control is not needed. The radio also performs a high pass signal function on the received audio so that the 150Hz is not heard in the headset or speaker. This facility prevents the squelch opening on unmodulated carriers. The VHF-90M will transmit a 150Hz sub-carrier tone when enabled on every legacy mode transmission. The 150Hz squelch system can be enabled or disabled using the PC programming software Standard Squelch System When the VHF-90M is not operating with the 150Hz squelch system then the radio has an advanced auto squelch system that operates on the received signal strength. When enabled this system will un-mute the radio and open the received signal path when a signal that is approximately 3dB stronger than the background noise is received. The radio will perform a long time average on the background noise and use this as the reference switching point. If continuous strong signals are received, then the background noise reference point will move and the signal required to open the squelch will need to be greater than the average noise. This feature is enabled using the PC software. Alternatively, the radio can also be Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 19

23 programmed via the PC software to have the squelch continuously open. This allows any other activity on the channel to be monitored Secure Modes Overview of Secure Modes The VHF-90M will operate in either Hopping (Frequency Hopping) or Secure (Secure, fixed frequency) mode or standard legacy (fixed frequency) mode. Hopping and secure use digital modulation, and standard mode uses analog FM modulation Selecting the Correct Mode (Changing the communication operating mode) To change the operating mode for a particular channel, first select the appropriate channel, and then press HOP Key. The current mode will then be displayed. To change the mode, press and release the key again. The new mode will now be selected and the display will show this change. For example: HP 0n This display shows that Hopping mode is selected and enable. OR... page 20 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd 6. VHF-90M ACCESSORIES 6.1. Batteries Use the VHF-90M in conjunction with a Q-MAC rechargeable battery pack. For any other type of battery pack, contact the Q-MAC representative to ensure that the battery chosen is suitable. The VHF-90M must be properly connected to a suitably charged battery. If the VHF-90M does not receive adequate voltage, it will not operate properly. As a warning that the battery pack may be getting low, the display will show the following message. LO bat This display shows that the batteries are getting low. The battery which may be used with the VHF-90M Radio is a sealed rechargeable NiMh (SRNiMh) battery. The above illustration shows the battery that can be used with a VHF-90M. The battery cells are packaged in a tough water proof plastic case with clips to attach the radio assembly. Also pictured is the VHF-90M charge controller & AC mains supply. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 41

24 the menu to the standard cycling menu if pressed for more than the number of key corrections needed. Note: Separate codes are used for the secure mode CodES and hopping mode CodEH, these must be entered to fully program the unit. page 40 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd SE 0n This display shows that Secure Mode is selected and enabled. Subsequent presses of the HOP key or SEC (Secure) key allow moving back and forth between Hopping, Legacy and Secure modes. When the unit is a slave, the last digit of the frequency display will indicate a lower case h and when the unit is a master this will be upper case H. Secure mode is indicated by a decimal point on the last digit of the display h This display shows that slave hopping mode and secure mode is selected and the frequency is MHz. Once the operating mode has been changed for a particular channel, the setting will remain in place until another channel is selected or until the VHF-90M is switched off. The selected mode will be enabled approximately five seconds after the mode is selected. This stops the modes being changed inadvertently and causing incorrect mode changes. The last digit on the frequency display will not be visible due to the overwriting of the hopping indicator. However, if the penultimate digit is a 0 or 5, the last digit must be 0, or if the penultimate digit is 2 or 7 the last digit will be 5. Thus, it is redundant. Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 21

25 Key Code and Key Management (Secure Code Entry) It is advisable to change the Key Code (for the entire radio network) on a regular basis. In peacetime, it is typical to change the Key Code once every month (or sometimes even less frequently). However, in wartime it may be necessary to change the code once every week. The frequency with which the code should be changed depends entirely on the situation Encrypted Fixed Frequency The Encrypted Fixed Frequency mode sets the VHF-90M to a digital, encrypted transmission on a fixed channel. The Key Code programmed in the VHF-90M is used to encrypt and decrypt the digital signal. The VHF-90M will only be able to communicate with another VHF-90M that is operating on the same fixed channel and programmed with the same Key Code. This mode is toggled on and off by briefly pressing the SEC button Free Channel Search (FCS) The Free Channel Search mode will also scan all the special programmed channels in order to determine the lowest RSSI within the channels. The FCS mode will build a dynamic table of all these channel s RSSI values. It will also scan for the unique presence of a compatible VHF-90M transmitting on one of the scanned channels. If a transmitter ID is found, the unit will decode the information on that channel and remain on the channel for the channel timeout time. The function can be turned off and on by briefly pressing the ON/OFF button and the SEC key at the same time. This key sequence will toggle the function on and off. When a VHF-90M wants to transmit, the unit will transmit on one of the four lowest (clearest) RSSI channels. The channel that is picked will be a random choice of these channels from the dynamic RSSI table. After the transmission, it will then remain on the channel following the release of the PTT for the channel timeout time, and then resume scanning again. page 22 Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd Transmit Frequency First cycle through the display codes until the CH t display is reached and then press the hash # key. A blank screen will be displayed. Use the keys on the DTMF keyboard to enter the new frequency. The complete frequency must be entered. If a value is entered out of range, the display will default to the lowest valid number. When finished, use the hash # key to save and exit this mode. If a mistake is made during entry, use the star * key to erase each character and start again. The erase key will also reverse out of the menu to the standard cycling menu if pressed for more than the number of key corrections needed. The channel frequency that is being set is the one that has been programmed by the channel command above. You must reprogram the default channel if more channel frequencies are to be programmed. Power Setting First cycle through the display codes until the P---- display is reached and then press the hash # key. A blank screen will be displayed. Use the numeric keys on the DTMF keyboard to set the required power level. When finished use the hash # key to save and exit this mode. The power levels will cycle from 50 to 5000mW as keys are pressed on the keyboard. The erase key will also reverse out of the menu to the standard cycling menu if pressed for more than the number of key corrections needed. When the final hash # is pressed, the display will briefly display the word SAVE to indicate that the information is being saved into memory. Power levels are: 1 = 50mW 2 = 500mW or 0.5 watts 3 = 5000mW or 5 watts DES Key Code First cycle through the display codes until the CodES or CodEH display is reached, and then press the hash # key. A blank screen will be displayed. Use the keys on the DTMF keyboard to enter the new 12-digit DES code. The complete code must be entered. The code will cycle from left to right as it is entered. Digits that fall outside the 5-digit display will not be visible. When finished, use the hash # key to save and exit this mode. If a mistake is made during entry, use the star * key to erase each character and start again. The erase key will also reverse out of Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd page 39