RULE BOOK RE-WRITING THE THE NEXT GENERATION FULLY DIGITAL AND SCALABLE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY RADAR SYSTEM AT SEA.

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1 cea-1.ps 8/8/11 12:09 pm Page 1 RE-WRITING THE RULE BOOK Photo by Eye in the Sky Saab 2011 THE NEXT GENERATION FULLY DIGITAL AND SCALABLE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY RADAR SYSTEM AT SEA TECHNOLOGIES

2 cea-2.ps 8/8/11 10:49 am Page 2 MEETING TOMORROW S CHALLENGES TODAY t took just a few seconds for a RIM162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM) fired from the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) ANZAC Class frigate HMAS Perth to launch, fly out and engage a Phoenix aerial target during a live firing exercise off eastern Australia on 8 May This successful engagement enabled by Perth s newly installed Phased Array Radar (PAR) system was the hardwon culmination of an iterative development and demonstration programme, stretching back over a decade, which has seen CEA I Technologies translate a bold concept vision into a state-of-the-art surveillance, target indication and multichannel fire control suite. In achieving this milestone, the company has seen its PAR technology truly come of age and in doing so opened the door to a new era of scalable and affordable multifunction radar available to ships of all sizes and missions. Formed in 1983 as a small radar and communications engineering house serving the needs of the Australian Defence Force, CEA has gone on to establish itself in both Photo by Eye in the Sky Saab 2011 HMAS Perth is the first ANZAC frigate to receive the CEA Technologies PAR suite. 2 home and export markets through the design, development, manufacture and support of advanced sensor and communications solutions for civil and military applications. Its expertise in radar and radio frequency (RF) engineering has steadily grown through continued Research and Development investment, a series of applied technology demonstration programmes, and the development of niche high technology products designed to satisfy specific market gaps. One example was the Solid State Continuous Wave Illuminator (SSCWI) transmitter, conceived as a solid-state solution to provide continuous wave RF output to support guidance and air target illumination for semi-active homing missiles. Fitted to the Ceros 200 director equipping the RAN s ANZAC frigates, and also supplied for the United Arab Emirates Baynunah corvette programme, the SSCWI transmitter affords superior performance, reduced size, and enhanced reliability and maintainability compared to legacy vacuum tube transmitters. Another notable success is the CEA Integrated Ship Communications System (CEA-ISCS) that provides a fully integrated internal and external (HF, VHF, UHF and SATCOM) communications suite to platforms of offshore patrol vessel size and below. In operational service with the Armidale class patrol boats and Huon class minehunters of the RAN, and the inshore patrol vessels of the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard, the CEAISCS affords a relatively small platform an extensive voice and data communications system that has been designed specifically to maximise the communications capability of minimum manned vessels. However, it is the CEAFAR active phased array radar which has become synonymous with CEA Technologies. Its origins go back to the late 1990s when the company started engineering studies and hardware prototyping that sowed the seeds for a next generation of fixed face, active phased array radar incorporating advanced signal processing and RF technologies. In seeking to develop a generic radar system architecture that could be configured to meet different end user requirements (as dictated by operational profile, installation and budget), the company developed the

3 cea-3.ps 8/8/11 10:49 am Page 3 concept of a software-based radar using a modular antenna array that could be cost effectively scaled for both military and civil applications according to individual performance and/or platform drivers. So was born CEAFAR, a truly multifunction and multirole S (E/F) band radar suitable for both ground-based and maritime applications, and offering the ability to simultaneously track air and land targets (both moving and stationary). The first application of this technology came in March 2000 when CEA Technologies was contracted to provide the CEA- FAR Aircraft Detection System for automatic detection and classification of small, low flying air targets. This first-generation analogue system entered service in Attention then turned to how CEA- FAR technology could be applied to the maritime environment. In October 2001 CEA Technologies was brought under contract by the Australian Department of Defence to build and test a medium-power radar demonstrator under the CEAFAR to Sea (CF2C) programme. The evaluation system, comprising two CEAFAR arrays (each array comprising 4x4 tiles), was first trialled onshore at the RAN's Beecroft Weapons Range facility at Jervis Bay. The objectives of the land-based test programme, running through mid-2003, were to demonstrate capability to support surveillance objectives in high sea and weather clutter environments. The follow-on sea trial programme saw the installation of four CEAFAR array faces on board the ANZAC frigate HMAS Arunta (the arrays being installed around the base of Arunta's forward mast module). At-sea testing was performed to validate CEAFAR performance on a moving platform, assess levels of interference and mutual effects, and validate the system stabilisation algorithms. The formal project sea trials programme was successfully completed in March 2004, although the system remained on board Arunta through to November 2004 so that the evaluation could run for an extended period to gather additional performance data. CEA Technologies subsequently looked to evolve and mature the CEAFAR architecture to create a modular, programmable PAR solution based on the combination of a unique microwave tile-based array and a new digital beamforming radar back-end. In doing so, it set its sights on achieving the goal of a radar suite that could be scaled to meet the situational awareness and self-defence requirements of a range of surface combatants. This presented a challenge. While fixed face phased array radars are not in themselves new, and their performance benefits have long been recognised by naval warfare practitioners, the weight, volume and power demands of previous generations of technology precluded installation on all but the largest of platforms (such as destroyers and cruisers). CEA Technologies set out with the aim of removing these tyrannies by engineering a shipborne variant of CEAFAR that could offer smaller warships a high level of protection against the evolving air and anti-ship missile threat. The result is an architecture that can be scaled, from providing improved situational awareness and littoral performance for minor war vessels, through frigate Photo by Eye in the Sky Saab 2011 The PAR system for the ANZAC ASMD upgrade uses a six-face CEAFAR (1) implementation, enabling the system to scan using simultaneous beams. The associated CEAMOUNT illuminator (2) features four fixed arrays producing electronically steered beams to provide target illumination and missile uplink support for ESSM. ship self-defence and high value unit protection, right up to an area defence capability for destroyers. The opportunity to demonstrate the capability presented itself through Project 1448 Phase 2B, a substantial combat systems upgrade programme designed to improve the Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) capability of the RAN s eight ANZAC frigates. While the baseline plan was for a relatively modest uplift that added a second ESSM fire control channel and an additional innerlayer missile system, the Commonwealth selected CEA s indigenous leading edge technology described overleaf to provide the ANZAC upgrade programme with a more capable ASMD solution. 3

4 cea-4.ps 8/8/11 10:49 am Page 4 ENGINEERING A SCALABLE PHASED ARRAY RADAR Array Face construction Microwave Tile Cold Plate Developing an active phased array radar system is no easy task, as any radar house will testify. Yet CEA Technologies has, in little more than a decade, succeeded in melding pioneering technology and complex system integration to deliver a modular, programmable and scalable fourthgeneration multifunction radar exploiting advanced digital beamforming techniques. No single answer explains this achievement. Rather, a number of interrelated factors have created an environment in which innovation could thrive and boundaries pushed back: a single-minded focus on delivering a PAR system that truly represented the state-of-the-art; a tight knit team of skilled system and software engineers; a culture unbounded by legacy thinking; and the support of a customer, in the shape of the Commonwealth of Australia, that has shown huge confidence in the company s people and technology. The engineering concept underpinning CEAFAR is both simple and elegant, adopting a radar on a face architecture comprising three principle Configuration Item (CI) building blocks: individual microwave tiles, 290 mm square in area and around 8 kg in weight in S band, each hosting 64 Gallium Arsenide-based transmit/ receive elements Digital Backend a digital back end providing dynamic control of the radar face, beam forming, signal processing and transmit/receive functions a cold plate serving as a mounting structure for the other two CIs, a conduct for the liquid cooling system, and a mechanical structure for mounting the face to the ship s superstructure Each array is comprised of a number of static faces arranged to provide 360 degree surveillance, with each array face populated by a number of tiles (as array building blocks). Radar performance is increased by adding tiles and thereby increasing the array aperture (typically, using the same waveform, doubling the array size increases the free-space range by a factor of 1.68). The transmit waveform generation, receive function and signal processing is fully integrated onto the array face, significantly enhancing stability and flexibility. This also means that the interface to a face is simplified to control/data, frequency and timing references. What makes CEAFAR unique is the fact that its up-mast on the face signal processing is inherently scaleable at the element level, overcoming the bottlenecks associated with legacy processing architectures and ensuring that the signal processing is scaled commensurate to the size of the array face. Each face can now operate as an independent or integrated radar resource, allowing the scan time to be significantly and positively impacted by the parallel operation of the faces for most modes. The adoption of digital radar beamforming is another key technical highlight. While CEA Technologies had delivered an analogue back end with its first generation CEAFAR Aircraft Detection System, it saw that the jump to a fully digital implementation would offer significant pay-offs in terms of performance, flexibility and growth potential. In particular, the use of digital beamforming techniques vastly improves the ability of the radar to dynamically adapt and change mode to meet complex environmental and threat scenarios. Furthermore, adopting a true software-based design enables new modes and improved functionality to be introduced without any impact on the underlying hardware. The nature of active arrays, the flexible hardware design of CEAFAR and the ability to dynamically change waveforms, scan times and other features of the radar allows the performance to be dynamically tasked; transmission duty cycle, pulse-to-pulse frequency agility, beam dwell time, scan volume and beam pattern can all be modified to optimise performance according to the operational mode, threat type and prevalent operating conditions. Independent beam-forming for receive and transmit beams provides additional dynamic performance flexibility. Another key attribute of CEAFAR is the system's low ship installation impact, with power, weight and size intended to enable a straightforward physical and electronic interface, as well as flexible antenna siting options. Highly modularised electronics allow for installation in confined spaces, there is no requirement for chilled water cooling as heat is transferred through a simple heat exchanger direct to sea water. The remaining below-decks equipment known as the Central Equipment Group is packaged in purpose-designed modular enclosures providing full environmental and shock protection and designed to simplify ease of installation and maintenance. The functionality of these units, which can be sited at long distances from the arrays, 4

5 cea-5.ps 8/8/11 10:49 am Page 5 includes power supplies, frequency and timing references, and overall radar control and tracking based on plots from all faces. The radar control unit also provides the integrated interface to the combat system and ship's motion data source. Connection to the antenna faces is via non-phase critical cables. The antenna power supply is from 48 V DC, with direct conversion to 48 V from 440 V three-phase AC (60 Hz). The radiated power level can be varied dynamically to reduce the impact when operating in confined areas. While striving to engineer a radar that delivers in terms of its performance, CEA Technologies has also been alive to the need to maximise availability and minimise through-life support overheads. Therefore, its philosophy with CEAFAR has been to design a system that requires no in-mission maintenance. This is achieved through a no moving parts architecture and high redundancy in the array design to enable graceful degradation should individual elements fail. The other key component of the overall PAR package is CEAMOUNT, an X (I/J) band active phased array illuminator that adopts the same principles of scalability and modularity that underpin CEAFAR, while also leveraging CEA Technologies previous SSCWI experience. Slaved to CEAFAR, the CEAMOUNT system provides electronically-steered beams of continuous wave RF energy to support multiple semi-active homing missiles in the terminal phase of flight in all modes of the missile. CEAMOUNT's physical architecture is based on a tile array structure, with 256 elements grouped together as a tile. The number of tiles, which are nominally configured in an NxN configuration to meet power-out requirements, determines illumination performance. According to CEA Technologies, the combination of CEAFAR and CEAMOUNT in an integrated coupled PAR suite ensures that the all weather surveillance and target indication performance afforded by operation in the S band can be exploited by the combat system. This is achieved, at the same time enabling the guidance of semi-active missiles to the boundaries of their performance envelope. Furthermore, CEAFAR can maintain uniterrupted track-while-scan capability while CEAMOUNT provides missile illumination support in all four quadrants. The decoupling of surveillance and missile-guidance functions is seen as a major discriminator against other phased-array systems that much timeshare their energy budget between surveillance and target illumination functions. ANZAC ASMD: SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE MAKES THE CASE The ANZAC Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) upgrade, being implemented under Project SEA 1448 Phase 2, aims to enhance the capability of the RAN s eight ANZAC frigates to protect themselves against current and future generations of anti-ship missile threats. These increasingly potent anti-surface warfare guided weapons are designed to defeat legacy ASMD defences through combinations of, inter alia, an ultralow sea-skimming approach, supersonic speed, low electromagnetic signatures, radical terminal manoeuvre, and advanced seeker heads with sophisticated countermeasures discrimination. Phase 2 was originally structured in two distinct sub-phases. The first increment, Project SEA 1448 Phase 2A, was approved in 2003 and embraces improvements to the existing Saab Systems 9LV 453 combat management system, and the installation of an infrared search and track system to improve situational awareness and threat alert in cluttered environments. Phase 2B addressed improvements to the ships' fire control capability to improve the capability of the ANZAC ships in complex, multi-threat environments. The baseline plan was for a fire control upgrade that would provide for one additional radar director for a second ESSM guidance channel of fire, plus the installation of two veryshort-range air-defence weapon systems to provide inner-layer defence against supersonic anti-ship missiles. In parallel, the Commonwealth evaluated the performance benefits accruing from the adoption of CEA Technologies PAR solution. While acknowledging that the technology embodied was novel and higher risk, it recognised that the combination of CEAFAR and CEAMOUNT offered the potential for an order of magnitude improvement in ASMD performance. In the final analysis, it was future threat modelling performed by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) that proved decisive. Its independent analysis, using high-level simulations, considered the performance afforded by the respective baseline and PAR options in various scenarios against the metric of Probability of Raid Annihilation. DSTO s conclusion supported the PAR option. Furthermore, it would also enable the ANZAC ships to give local protection to mission essential units in consort, augmenting the area air defence capability offered by the RAN s upgraded guided missile frigates and, in due course, new Air Warfare Destroyers. In September 2005 the Commonwealth approved selection of CEA Technologies PAR solution to meet the Project SEA 1448 Phase 2B programme requirement. The ANZAC ASMD upgrade is managed by the ANZAC Alliance of BAE Systems, Saab Systems and the Defence Materiel Organisation (DMO) under the direction of a dedicated Commonwealth led ASMD project authority. CEA Technologies is prime contractor, alongside the ANZAC Alliance members, for Phase 2B of the project to supply and integrate the new CEAFAR/CEAMOUNT combination. 5

6 cea-6.ps 8/8/11 10:49 am Page 6 PROVING CAPABILITY FOR ANZAC ASMD CEA Technologies has installed a fully populated radar cupola at its Canberra facility for functional performance testing and systems integration activity. The PAR embodiment adopted for the ANZAC ASMD programme uses a six-face CEAFAR implementation. This configuration limits the degradation of the beam pattern and gain as the beam scan angle approaches the edge of the notional face coverage. This means the system will be able to scan using six simultaneous beams, allowing for a higher data refresh for simultaneous volume surveillance and fire-control quality tracking. Six faces also allows adjacent face over scan to completely overlap a face unavailability. Compared to the 2-D Target Indication Radar it replaces, CEAFAR significantly enhances the combat management system automated threat evaluation/weapon assignment function by providing monopulse accuracy on all targets and target classification. It also offers a significant improvement in air and surface situational awareness in the littoral (by means of its improved performance in clutter, high range resolution capability and variable beam dwell time for low Doppler targets), and promises substantial through-life cost benefits. The associated CEAMOUNT illuminator features four fixed arrays producing electronically steered beams to provide target illumination and missile uplink support for the semiactive radar homing ESSM. The radar and illuminator faces and associated signal processing are all installed in a cupola on the masthead. To support development, a representative, fully populated cupola has been installed on the roof of CEA Technologies main engineering facility in Canberra, Australia, in order to serve as an accessible total system integration and test facility. An incremental demonstration and integration programme has underpinned the development of the CEA- FAR active phased array radar since the government s Second Pass approval in September This activity goes back to December 2005 when CEA Technologies was awarded a P3 (Preliminary Phased Array Radar Program) contract to undertake system development, the build of a landbased test system, and initial production of the first PAR system. A build a little, test a little philosophy has sought to cumulatively build confidence and retire programme risk through a series of demonstration milestones. This process began in November 2007 with a successful demonstration of the required through air radar performance using a four-tile Engineering Development Model (EDM) representative of the production standard CEAFAR hardware. The company was at this point also able to implement and test aspects of its digital beam forming technology ahead of schedule. Initial production-standard hardware comprising three CEAFAR faces and two CEAMOUNT faces was delivered off the production line in July These were subsequently delivered for integration in the cupola at CEA Technologies Land Based Test Site in Canberra for functional performance testing and systems integration activity. A dual-face CEAFAR EDM system achieved a major project milestone in early November 2008 when it demonstrated its capability to track air targets in a complex land environment; later that month the same dual face array was installed on board the ANZAC frigate HMAS Perth and tested at sea. These shipborne trials, designed to characterise electromagnetic interference impacts and validate CEAFAR system performance on a moving platform, were executed in coastal and open ocean environments off Western Australia. Risk reduction and data collection activities included tactical air and surface serials involving multiple ships and aircraft, small targets representative of anti-ship missile threats, and weapon systems. Both CEA Technologies and the Department of Defence reported that the radar performed beyond expectations, with trials outputs informing subsequent production decision points and ship installation criteria. In March 2009 a CEAFAR/CEAMOUNT integration demonstration was completed, followed in April of that year by ESSM compatibility testing with CEAMOUNT at the Majura range outside of Canberra. The latter, conducted in conjunction with the DSTO and using an ESSM Inert Operational Missile suspended by a crane (simulating free flight), demonstrated the capability of CEAMOUNT to commu- 6

7 cea-7.ps 8/8/11 10:49 am Page 7 nicate with the missile and achieve rear-lock/front-lock performance within specified parameters. A full PAR system integration demonstration ran in July 2009 at CEA s premises. That same month the decision was made to take the full ANZAC ASMD package to sea in a single ship installation in advance of a final decision to roll-out the upgrade class-wide. Under this strategy, the frigate HMAS Perth was identified as a demonstration platform to de-risk and prove SEA 1448 Phase 2, and in particular the performance of the new PAR system. The P3 contract, officially wound up in April 2010, overlapped with a follow-on PAR production contract signed in December 2008 covering the delivery of a land-based PAR to the ANZAC Class System Support Facility at HMAS Stirling and first ship suite to Perth. CEA Technologies also performed PAR integration activities in close concert with Saab, including the installation of a mini-cms subset of 9LV Mk 3E at CEA s Canberra facility to support progressive integration activities. Prior to integration aboard Perth, the complete ASMD system completed extensive trials at the ANZAC Class System Support Facility land-based test site, with the upgraded combat suite successfully completing landbased system integration testing in December Following factory acceptance testing, the first production PAR system was shipped in late September Work on Perth s ASMD upgrade began in January 2010 at the Australian Marine Complex (AMC) at Henderson, Western Australia. The initial phase of the upgrade which saw the installation of the distinctive PAR cupola atop a new aft mast structure was completed in October 2010 with a cold move from AMC to Fleet Base West. Perth then underwent a second phase of setting-to-work and harbour acceptance trials alongside and, following combat systems certification and mariner skills evaluation, began sea trials on 21 February Following a short period of radar alignment verification, the ship began two months of Sea Acceptance Testing in the West Australian Exercise Area to prove system interfaces and system performance. These serials began at a very basic From a project perspective, we have seen exactly what we expected and more. For what is a complex development program, this is a great achievement for the Defence Materiel Organisation and our industry partner CEA Technologies. From the point of view of both project management and technical innovation, it s not often that you get to work with a company that has such a problemsolving culture. The way that CEA Technologies has responded to our challenges has been extremely impressive. level, gradually building up to waves of multiple subsonic and supersonic aircraft to stress the modernised combat system. What was by now clear was the excellent performance of CEAFAR against high-speed targets executing high-g manoeuvres. This achieved, Perth sailed from Fleet Base West in late April to complete its trials programme in the East Australian Exercise Area. Following a full mission rehearsal, Perth conducted its ESSM firing on 8 May. The missile was guided to its target in HAW mode, successfully marking the culmination of Category 5 testing, proving that the system, as installed, works from endto-end against the medium threat set. Stage 1 trials were successfully concluded at the end of June 2011 after Perth completed an early operational assessment phase at the US Navy Pacific Missile Range Facility off Hawaii. These trials which included assessment of CEAFAR against multiple simultaneous threats met or exceeded all performance and modeling predictions. Allied to this successful outcome, the Department of Defence is finalising its business case for the upgrade of the RAN s other seven ANZAC frigates with the same PAR technology; CEA Technologies is already funded for forward component buys so as to manage acquisition obsolescence and retain skilled manufacture resource. Up and away: a RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missile rises from HMAS Perth s Mk 41 vertical launch system. Guided by CEA Technologies Phased Array Radar technology, it successfully engaged a Phoenix aerial target. Captain Rob Elliott RAN, ANZAC ASMD Project Director Photo courtesy of the Royal Australian Navy, Commonwealth of Australia 2011 A follow-on programme of ANZAC ASMD Stage 2 trials is scheduled to commence in This will demonstrate the full functionality of the PAR system including missile guidance in ICWI mode, electronic protection measures and additional casualty modes so as to prove capability at the high threat level. 7

8 cea-8.ps 8/8/11 10:48 am Page 8 SCANNING OUT TO FUTURE HORIZONS Having long shouldered the burden of proof, CEA Technologies has now conclusively demonstrated the performance of its leading edge PAR technology as a key component of the ANZAC ASMD upgrade. This reaffirms the company s position as Australia s centre of excellence for phased array radar technology, and aligns with the sovereign needs of the Priority Industry Capability initiative outlined in the 2009 Defence White Paper. Outside of Australia, the successful integration of the PAR suite on a surface combatant of less than 4,000 tons represents a true game changer, and for the first time brings this advanced capability within the grasp of many other navies. The affordability and inherent scaling flexibility of CEAFAR and CEAMOUNT means that a variety of trade-offs can be made to derive the optimal balance between performance, price and ship impact. CEA Technologies has already scoped ship fits to a range of surface combatants, including retrofit solutions for existing MEKO platforms. Growing the CEAFAR array enhances range, mode flexibility and transitions capability from self-defence to area defence. All of these sensor capabilities are controlled and supported through the combat management system, with the full suite suitable for retrofit or new build as a result of its minimal whole-ship impact. Having successfully demonstrated the integration of its high performance PAR suite with Saab s 9LV 453 Mk 3E Combat Management System (CMS), CEA Technologies is exploring compatibility with other CMS solutions. To this end, the company has worked with Northrop Grumman to complete initial integration of CEA- FAR with the Integrated Combat Management System. Of course, it would be wrong to think of CEAFAR just as a frigate radar. The CEAFAR Minor War Vessel Radar, a lightweight 3D system, demonstrates how the inherent scalability of CEA Technologies PAR architecture can be engineered to bring the performance advantages of fourthgeneration phased array radar technology to smaller naval and paramilitary platforms at a price comparable to equivalent rotating radars. CEA Technologies is also examining an L band exploitation of CEAFAR that would provide complementary long range volume search and IFF capabilities while re-using the core software and digital back end from the existing S band CEAFAR radar. The company has already fabricated an L band array section and is now moving into test. Looking ahead, CEA Technologies is already maturing the technology and techniques that will lead to the next generation of PAR solutions. Under the AUSPAR (Australia/United States Phased Array Radar) programme, the company is exploring how a high power evolution of CEAFAR can advance current technology to address medium-to-long-range airwarfare and future theatre ballistic missile defence needs. AUSPAR is a continuing technology demonstration and risk mitigation programme jointly funded by the Australian and US governments under a Project Arrangement finalised in April Its central objective is to develop and test future advanced radar capabilities that can be leveraged in future US and Australian programmes. A key component of AUSPAR has been to measure and evaluate how digital radar techniques scale into high power array structures. A demonstrator array in mid-2010 completed a three month testing programme at US Naval Research Laboratory facilities, satisfying all test objectives. The AUSPAR programme is additionally exploring the performance benefits associated with Gallium Nitride transmit/receive elements. Compared to current Gallium Arsenide semi-conductor technology, Gallium Nitride offers advantages in terms of significantly greater power density, superior thermal conductivity, higher gain and efficiency, and reduced chip size. CEA Technologies has truly re-written the rule book. Now proven at sea, CEAFAR and CEAMOUNT have ushered in a new era of affordable, scalable active PAR technology. Moreover, the ANZAC ASMD programme represents just one application; the unique CEAFAR architecture equally lends itself to smaller platforms, larger surface combatants and high value units such as multi-role vessels and amphibious ships. In the latter case, CEAFAR can perform a variety of surveillance, self-defence and support functions such as air and vessel traffic management, helicopter control, littoral surface search, and target indication for self-defence weapons. The CEAFAR Minor War Vessel Radar is a lightweight and affordable 3D system scaled to meet the needs of smaller maritime platforms. Photo by Eye in the Sky S b