A Method of Measuring Low-Noise Acoustical Impulse Responses at High Sampling Rates
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1 A Method of Measuring Low-Noise Acoustical Impulse Responses at High Sampling Rates 137th AES Convention October 11th, 2014! Joseph G. Tylka Rahulram Sridhar Braxton B. Boren Edgar Y. Choueiri! 3D Audio and Applied Acoustics (3D3A) Laboratory Princeton University 1
2 Applications HRTF Measurements 3D3A Lab, Princeton University 2
3 Objectives Measurements at high sampling rates (>48 khz) Efficient, low-noise, and artifact-free measurements 3
4 Approach Initial Measurement Refined Measurement Processing 4
5 Outline Review: impulse response (IR) measurements Measurements at high sampling rates Proposed measurement procedure Experimental results 5
6 IR Measurements x(t) h(t) w(t) + y(t) n(t) Exponential sine sweep (ESS) [1, 2] Deconvolution [1] A. Farina (2007) Advancements in Impulse Response Measurements by Sine Sweeps [2] S. Müller and P. Massarani (2001) Transfer-Function Measurements with Sweeps 6
7 Exact Deconvolution Input spectrum Exact inverse Magnitude (db) -3 db/oct Signal Noise + Magnitude (db) +3 db/oct Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) = Magnitude (db) Noise Signal Frequency (Hz) 7
8 Time-Reversed Deconvolution Input spectrum Time-reversed inverse [1] Magnitude (db) -3 db/oct Signal Noise + Magnitude (db) +3 db/oct Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) = Magnitude (db) Signal Noise Frequency (Hz) 8
9 Exact deconvolution Time-reversed deconvolution Noisy Pre-response (16%) SNR = 25 db SNR = 32 db An improvement of 7 db due to BPF Settings: 96 khz sampling rate, 5 second sweep from 20 Hz to 24 khz 9
10 Why high sampling rates? Ultrasonic transducers Time-smear [3] Minimum interaural time difference ~ 10 μs [4] Facilitate subjective tests [3] P. G. Craven (2004) Antialias Filters and System Transient Response at High Sample Rates [4] A. W. Mills (1958) On the Minimum Audible Angle 10
11 Challenges Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) Deconvolution issues Transducer heating/damage 11
12 Measurement Procedure Initial Measurement Determine Pass-Band Refined Measurement Band-Pass Filter 12
13 Defining the Pass-Band Improved signal-to-noise ratio Minimal filtering artifacts (PDA) User preferences Cost function? 13
14 Optimal SNR Magnitude (db) Signal and Noise Signal Noise Frequency (Hz) Pass-Band 14
15 Optimal SNR Magnitude (db) Signal and Noise Signal Noise db Frequency (Hz) Pass-Band 14
16 Example Implementation START Design and execute phasecontrolled ESS [5] Phase I Determine optimal-snr pass-band and estimate corresponding PDA Phase II Phase II Input preference: keep/reject PDA Is preference to reject PDA? no yes Input max. PDA Determine constrained-pda pass-band Design and execute refined ESS with fade-out Phase III Band-pass filter mic. signal Deconvolve mic. signal by input sweep to get IR [5] K. Vetter and S. di Rosario (2011) ExpoChirpToolbox: a Pure Data implementation of ESS impulse response measurement STOP 15
17 Optimal SNR 16
18 Results Note: all measurements were performed with an output level of 75 db SPL (1 khz, 1 m) Initial Measurement Sweep Length (s) Frequency Range Raw SNR (db) BPF SNR (db) Pre-response Peak (%) ~1 23 Hz 48 khz 21 Optimal SNR 5 26 Hz 40.6 khz <0.2 Conventional ESS 5 20 Hz 24 khz Exact deconv. Time-reversed deconv. 17
19 Summary IR measurements at high sampling rates (>48 khz) Customizable measurement procedure SNR improvement with minimal filtering artifacts 18
20 Acknowledgements This work was conducted under a contract from the Sony Corporation of America. 19
21 Thank You 20
22 References 1. A. Farina, Advancements in Impulse Response Measurements by Sine Sweeps, presented at the AES 122nd Convention, May S. Müller and P. Massarani, Transfer-Function Measurements with Sweeps, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 49(6): , P. G. Craven, Antialias Filters and System Transient Response at High Sample Rates, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 52(3): , A. W. Mills, On the Minimum Audible Angle, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 30(4): , K. Vetter and S. di Rosario, ExpoChirpToolbox: a Pure Data implementation of ESS impulse response measurement, presented at the 4th Pure Data Convention,
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