GNSS Technologies. GNSS Acquisition Dr. Zahidul Bhuiyan Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "GNSS Technologies. GNSS Acquisition Dr. Zahidul Bhuiyan Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey"

Transcription

1 GNSS Acquisition Dr. Zahidul Bhuiyan Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey

2 Content GNSS signal background Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation Binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation Pseudo random noise codes Brief receiver overview Searching for BPSK signals (acquisition) Software GPS acquisition Slides based on: GNSS Applications and Methods, by S. Gleason and D. Gebre-Egziabher (Eds.), Artech House Inc.,

3 GNSS Signal Background (1) GNSS is a spread spectrum (SS) system, where the spread signal occupies a bandwidth much greater than the rate of the data being transmitted Redundancy suppresses the effects of interfering signals and reduces the peak transmitted signal power levels to effectively hide the signal in background noise DS-SS: a carrier wave is modulated by a data signal overlaid with a high frequency PRN spreading signal 3

4 GNSS Signal Background (2) A spread spectrum system, with the modulation onto the carrier omitted for simplicity 4

5 GNSS Signal Background (3) The innovation of the GPS is to use the PRN code sequence as a ranging signal path difference from transmitter to receiver to be recovered -> range/distance The GPS satellite signals share the same carrier frequency and are separable in the receiver, because each respective transmission employs a unique PRN spreading code Each effective bit of the PRN code sequence is called a chip 5

6 GNSS Signal Background (4) GPS uses binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, where ideally the carrier phase changes instantaneously by 180, depending on the datamodulated spreading sequence. A BPSK-modulated signal can be written as P is the signal power, d(t) is the biphase data signal, a(t) is the biphase PRN code spreading signal, and w is the carrier frequency 6

7 GNSS Signal Background (5) GPS L1 C/A code is a BPSK signal: 7

8 GNSS Signal Background (6) L-band GNSS frequency allocations: Currently, GPS consists of satellites broadcasting three navigational signals in the L- band: one signal available for civil use transmitted on the L1 and two military signals transmitted on L1&L2 The future 30-satellite Galileo constellation will introduce six data-modulated and four dataless signals into the L-band spectrum occupying four frequency bands 8

9 GNSS Signal Background (7) BOC modulation is a rectangular subcarrier modulation (sine or cosine) of the PRN spreading code and is denoted BOC( f s, f c ), where f s is the subcarrier frequency, and f c is the PRN code chipping rate, and both are multiples of For future Galileo and military GPS signals The effect of BOC modulation is that the signal is amplitudemodulated, with its power spectrum shifted away from the carrier frequency in upper and lower sidebands with a null at the center frequency The null is the primary benefit of BOC modulation, allowing frequency reuse alongside existing PSK signals BOC modulation has greater resistance to short-range multipath and a small advantage in code tracking accuracy However, these advantages come at a price, namely the difficulties in acquiring and tracking signals with a subcarrier modulation 9

10 GNSS Signal Background (8) A BOC signal is created through modulation of a PRN sequence a(t) by a square wave subcarrier s(t) and can be represented as follows where b(t) = a(t) s(t) The GPS M-code signals are to be transmitted using a BOC(10, 5) modulation with a sine-phased subcarrier in the L1 and L2 bands The Galileo signals for the E5a and E5b bands are combined onto a single-center frequency though the use of alternate BOC(AltBOC) modulation For future L1 civil signals, a common multiplexed BOC (MBOC) structure has been designed 10

11 GNSS Signal Background (9) 11

12 GNSS Signal Background (10) The GPS C/A code is generated using two 10-bit linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) The resulting PRN codes are maximal length sequences with N = 2n 1 chips, where n is the length of the LFSR The periodic autocorrelation function for a PRN sequence a(t) of length n chips, with a chip period T C can be written as The autocorrelation envelope can be approximated by a triangle function, the peak of which (amplitude A) corresponds to the perfect alignment (=correlation) between the received code and the locally generated replica 12

13 GNSS Signal Background (11) The ideal autocorrelation of a PRN sequence is as follows Outside the correlation interval the ideal cross-correlation function is A/N In practice the sequences identified by the codes exhibit a three-valued cross-correlation function with values where The code sequences employed for GPS C/A have crosscorrelation values of 13

14 GNSS Signal Background (12) Normalized autocorrelation of GPS C/A code (PRN 1) Short 1023 chip code -> relatively poor correlation performance 14

15 GNSS Signal Background (13) Layered PRN codes are to be broadcast by both GPS modernized and Galileo signals to reduce cross-correlation effects overlaying the fast changing PRN sequence (primary code) with a secondary code whose bit period is equal to one primary code epoch The secondary code length is then chosen such that the secondary code period is equal to one symbol period of the navigational data stream A code or channel with no data modulation is known as a pilot the pilot allows longer integration periods to be easily implemented in the receiver for weak-signal acquisition and tracking 15

16 GNSS Signal Background (14) 16 Power spectral densities of GPS L1 signals

17 GNSS Signal Background (15) Power spectral densities of Galileo signals 17

18 Signal Acquisition & Tracking: Introduction Code shift and Doppler frequency acquisition are needed for reliable performance of any CDMA system The code synchronization task is typically split into: coarse synchronization (or acquisition stage) and fine synchronization (or tracking stage). Acquisition is used to get a rough timing estimate, say within +/- 0.5 chips in case of GPS L1 C/A signal Tracking means finding and maintaining fine synchronization Signal tracking is much easier given the initial acquisition Signal acquisition, however, is usually considered as one of the most challenging tasks in any spread spectrum system Signal acquisition is usually a one-shot estimate. On the contrary, signal tracking is performed in a continuous fashion 18

19 Signal Uncertainty Regions Timing uncertainty: determined by the transmission time of the transmitter and the propagation delay (and clock uncertainties) a larger timing uncertainty means a larger search area (due to a search through all possible delays) Frequency uncertainty: determined by the Doppler shift and mismatch between the transmitter and receiver oscillators Moreover, initial code acquisition must be accomplished in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) environments and in the presence of various interferers The possibility of channel fading and multipath propagation can make initial acquisition even harder to accomplish 19

20 Time-frequency uncertainty One correlation output forms a time-frequency bin. Several bins form a time-frequency window. The whole search space = time-frequency unertainty window. 20

21 Acquisition

22 Signal Acquisition Typically performed in 2 stages: Searching stage: build the time-frequency window with various delay and frequency candidates (via correlations). Detection stage - form a decision variable and compare it with a threshold in order to detect whether the signal is present or absent. Threshold choice is an important step in designing a good acquisition stage. Either constant or variable (e.g., according to SNR) thresholds can be used, as it will be discussed later on. The larger the time or frequency uncertainty is the greater time it will take to achieve acquisition, or the greater receiver complexity is required for a given acquisition time requirement 22

23 Acquisition: Searching Stage The search strategy can be: serial: there is only one bin per window low complexity (only one complex correlator needed), high acquisition time (many bins to be searched; acquisition time is proportional with the code epoch length, i.e chips for standard GPS, up to for Galileo and modernized GPS). hybrid: there are several bins per window and there are several windows in the whole search space tradeoff between complexity and acquisition time; general case. parallel: there are more than one bin per window and there is only one window in the whole search space high complexity (need many correlators), low acquisition time. 23

24 Acquisition: notes about correlation Correlation is done between the received signal and a reference (local) code at the receiver (e.g., C/A code) In time domain: Rx signal Discrete (I&D= Integrate and Dump) In frequency domain: Rx signal Ref. signal Analog Rx signal FFT X IFFT * FFT Ref. signal 24

25 Example of FFT vs time correlation 25

26 Acquisition: Detection Stage (I) The detection strategy can be classified into: Variable dwell time detector (also called sequential detector) and Fixed dwell time detector. Examples of detector structures for GPS: 1. Sequential detector: Tong search detector - it uses a counter variable KTong and a confirmation threshold U. If KTong = U acquisition. At each cell, the counter is initialized to B > 0 value. Tong detector is sub-optimum, but more efficient than a fixed dwell time detector. 2. Fixed dwell detector: M of N search detector - N correlation envelopes are compared with a threshold; if at least M of them exceed the threshold acquisition. 26

27 Example: Tong Search Detector 27

28 Acquisition: Detection stage (II) The detection strategy can also be classified into: Coherent: phase information available; limitations due to navigation data and channel effects Non-coherent: no phase information; taking absolute value or squared absolute value of the correlation outputs. 28

29 Acquisition: Detection stage (III) The detection strategy can aditionally be classified into: Single-dwell: detection is taken in one step Multiple-dwell: detection is taken in several steps (see next slide for an example of two-dwell structure). Multiple-dwell structures are typically used to decrease Mean Acquisition Times (MAT) (tradeoff with increased complexity) 29

30 Example of a double-dwell detector First stage threshold chosen for low false alarm (and low detection probability). Second stage threshold: higher detection probability (at higher false alarm, but overall false alarm is low, due to first dwell stage) -> achieved via a higher integration level. 30

31 Acquisition: Threshold Choice (I) Acquisition problem is in fact a detection problem: detect signal in noise, or, equivalently, separate between hypothesis H1 (signal plus noise are present) and hypothesis H0 (noise only is present). 31

32 Acquisition: Threshold Choice (II) Threshold can be chosen as a tradeoff between a good detection probability and a sufficiently low false alarm (detection probability increases when false alarm probability increases) The Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) under each hypothesis are derived according to the decision statistic (see previous slide), which can be, for example, the maximum in a certain correlation window 32

33 Acquisition: performance measures (I) Detection probability and false alarm probability: Classical detection problem of signal in noise (e.g., Kay s book on Detection Theory) 33

34 Acquisition: performance measures (II) Mean Acquisition Time (MAT) Example: Assume that the time uncertainty corresponds to N pseudorandom chips (or NT c = ΔT seconds, where T c = chip duration. Assume that there is no carrier frequency uncertainty (e.g., assisted acquisition) Assume also that detection probability at the correct hypotheses is P d = 1 and the false alarm probability at incorrect hypotheses is P fa = 0 (ideal case). What is the MAT time for a dwell time τ D if the timing search update is in half-chip increments (0.5Tc)? Answer: there are Q = 2N timing positions (hypotheses, bins) to be searched and the time to search one time bin is τ D T acq = 2N τ D If all hypotheses are equally probable the mean acquisition time can be approximated by half of T acq => MAT N τ D 34

35 Acquisition: performance measures (III) Time to First Fix (TTFF): The time from receiver turn on until the first navigation solution is obtained. The complete navigation solution (min 4 satellites in view) is needed to compute TTFF Typical values of TTFF: 30-40s without assistance; 1s with network assistance (e.g., A-GPS) The TTFF is commonly broken down into three more specific scenarios: Cold (or factory): The receiver is missing, or has inaccurate estimates of, its position, velocity, the time, or the visibility of any of the GNSS satellites. Warm or normal: The receiver has estimates of the current time within 20 seconds, the current position within 100 kilometers, and its velocity within 25 m/s, and it has valid almanac data (i.e., coarse orbital information of satellites). Hot or standby: The receiver has valid time, position, almanac, and ephemeris data (i.e., accurate orbital data of satellites), enabling a rapid acquisition of satellite signals. 35

36 Receiver overview (1) Basic GNSS receiver channel GNSS signals are normally received through the use of a right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) antenna and amplified using a low-noise amplifier (LNA), which essentially determines the receiver s noise figure The RF signals are down-converted, typically in a number of stages, to an intermediate frequency (IF), sufficiently high in frequency to support the signal bandwidth 36

37 Receiver overview (2) After down-conversion, the signal is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), with automatic gain control (AGC), and the digital IF is then passed to the receiver s correlator channels In the correlator channels, the carrier signal and code sequence are removed from the signal by correlating the received signal with locally generated replicas The processor then extracts the raw navigational data by monitoring the changes in phase angle This data can be used in combination with phase information derived from the carrier and code tracking loops to form pseudorange and Doppler estimates, ultimately resulting in position, velocity, and time information for the user 37

38 Software receiver acquisition (1) Software receiver (fastgps) acquisition algorithm 38

39 Software receiver acquisition (2) Gathering a reasonable amount of data for use in the FFT acquisition processing The default value is currently 4 ms of data samples When enough data has been collected, the acquire is started, specifying the satellite to search for Scan over coarse Doppler bins; Perform FFT on input sample buffer; Multiply sample FFT and precalculated PRN code FFT; Perform inverse FFT; Search for peaks exceeding the detection threshold; If a signal is found perform fine Doppler search and store results; Perform debug searches if specified If a signal is found, allocate it to a tracking channel 39

40 Software receiver acquisition (3) Example of the inverse FFT result performed by the fastgps software receiver acquisition process The four peaks represent the GPS PRN code repeating at 1-ms intervals The largest peak is used to initialize the signal-tracking loops The four peaks show the signal repeating across the four milliseconds of input data A data buffer longer than the one millisecond GPS PRN code length is often used to ensure a more reliable signal detection 40

Analysis of Processing Parameters of GPS Signal Acquisition Scheme

Analysis of Processing Parameters of GPS Signal Acquisition Scheme Analysis of Processing Parameters of GPS Signal Acquisition Scheme Prof. Vrushali Bhatt, Nithin Krishnan Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Thakur College of Engineering and Technology Mumbai-400101,

More information

Spread Spectrum Techniques

Spread Spectrum Techniques 0 Spread Spectrum Techniques Contents 1 1. Overview 2. Pseudonoise Sequences 3. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems 4. Frequency Hopping Systems 5. Synchronization 6. Applications 2 1. Overview Basic

More information

The Galileo signal in space (SiS)

The Galileo signal in space (SiS) GNSS Solutions: Galileo Open Service and weak signal acquisition GNSS Solutions is a regular column featuring questions and answers about technical aspects of GNSS. Readers are invited to send their questions

More information

Study and Analysis on Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) Modulation in Satellite Navigation Systems

Study and Analysis on Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) Modulation in Satellite Navigation Systems IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 11, Issue 5, Ver. I (Sep.-Oct.2016), PP 115-123 www.iosrjournals.org Study and Analysis

More information

Introduction to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Structure

Introduction to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Structure Introduction to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Structure Dinesh Manandhar Center for Spatial Information Science The University of Tokyo Contact Information: dinesh@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

More information

Satellite-based positioning (II)

Satellite-based positioning (II) Lecture 11: TLT 5606 Spread Spectrum techniques Lecturer: Simona Lohan Satellite-based positioning (II) Outline GNSS navigation signals&spectra: description and details Basics: signal model, pilots, PRN

More information

RECEIVER DEVELOPMENT, SIGNALS, CODES AND INTERFERENCE

RECEIVER DEVELOPMENT, SIGNALS, CODES AND INTERFERENCE Presentation for: 14 th GNSS Workshop November 01, 2007 Jeju Island, Korea RECEIVER DEVELOPMENT, SIGNALS, CODES AND INTERFERENCE Stefan Wallner, José-Ángel Ávila-Rodríguez, Guenter W. Hein Institute of

More information

t =1 Transmitter #2 Figure 1-1 One Way Ranging Schematic

t =1 Transmitter #2 Figure 1-1 One Way Ranging Schematic 1.0 Introduction OpenSource GPS is open source software that runs a GPS receiver based on the Zarlink GP2015 / GP2021 front end and digital processing chipset. It is a fully functional GPS receiver which

More information

Satellite Navigation Principle and performance of GPS receivers

Satellite Navigation Principle and performance of GPS receivers Satellite Navigation Principle and performance of GPS receivers AE4E08 GPS Block IIF satellite Boeing North America Christian Tiberius Course 2010 2011, lecture 3 Today s topics Introduction basic idea

More information

Effects of MBOC Modulation on GNSS Acquisition Stage

Effects of MBOC Modulation on GNSS Acquisition Stage Tampere University of Technology Department of Communications Engineering Md. Farzan Samad Effects of MBOC Modulation on GNSS Acquisition Stage Master of Science Thesis Subject Approved by Department Council

More information

Spread Spectrum (SS) is a means of transmission in which the signal occupies a

Spread Spectrum (SS) is a means of transmission in which the signal occupies a SPREAD-SPECTRUM SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES: A BRIEF OVERVIEW SS: AN OVERVIEW Spread Spectrum (SS) is a means of transmission in which the signal occupies a bandwidth in excess of the minimum necessary to send

More information

Lecture 3: Wireless Physical Layer: Modulation Techniques. Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 Jan 13, Monday

Lecture 3: Wireless Physical Layer: Modulation Techniques. Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 Jan 13, Monday Lecture 3: Wireless Physical Layer: Modulation Techniques Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 Jan 13, Monday Modulation We saw a simple example of amplitude modulation in the last lecture Modulation how

More information

CDMA Mobile Radio Networks

CDMA Mobile Radio Networks - 1 - CDMA Mobile Radio Networks Elvino S. Sousa Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Canada ECE1543S - Spring 1999 - 2 - CONTENTS Basic principle of direct sequence

More information

Spread Spectrum. Chapter 18. FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS using CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

Spread Spectrum. Chapter 18. FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS using CDMA Code Division Multiple Access Spread Spectrum Chapter 18 FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS using CDMA Code Division Multiple Access Single Carrier The traditional way Transmitted signal

More information

Lab on GNSS Signal Processing Part I

Lab on GNSS Signal Processing Part I JRC SUMMERSCHOOL GNSS Lab on GNSS Signal Processing Part I Daniele Borio European Commission Joint Research Centre Davos, Switzerland, July 15-25, 2013 INTRODUCTION Goal of the lab: provide the students

More information

Decoding Galileo and Compass

Decoding Galileo and Compass Decoding Galileo and Compass Grace Xingxin Gao The GPS Lab, Stanford University June 14, 2007 What is Galileo System? Global Navigation Satellite System built by European Union The first Galileo test satellite

More information

Mobile & Wireless Networking. Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2)

Mobile & Wireless Networking. Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2) 192620010 Mobile & Wireless Networking Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2) [Schiller, Section 2.6 & 2.7] [Reader Part 1: OFDM: An architecture for the fourth generation] Geert Heijenk Outline of Lecture

More information

CDMA Technology : Pr. S. Flament Pr. Dr. W. Skupin On line Course on CDMA Technology

CDMA Technology : Pr. S. Flament  Pr. Dr. W. Skupin  On line Course on CDMA Technology CDMA Technology : Pr. Dr. W. Skupin www.htwg-konstanz.de Pr. S. Flament www.greyc.fr/user/99 On line Course on CDMA Technology CDMA Technology : Introduction to Spread Spectrum Technology CDMA / DS : Principle

More information

CDMA Technology. Pr. S.Flament Pr. Dr. W.Skupin On line Course on CDMA Technology

CDMA Technology. Pr. S.Flament   Pr. Dr. W.Skupin   On line Course on CDMA Technology CDMA Technology Pr. Dr. W.Skupin www.htwg-konstanz.de Pr. S.Flament www.greyc.fr/user/99 On line Course on CDMA Technology CDMA Technology : Introduction to spread spectrum technology CDMA / DS : Principle

More information

Code Division Multiple Access.

Code Division Multiple Access. Code Division Multiple Access Mobile telephony, using the concept of cellular architecture, are built based on GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) and IS-95(Intermediate Standard-95). CDMA allows

More information

Lecture 9: Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques

Lecture 9: Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques Lecture 9: Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques Spread spectrum (SS) modulation techniques employ a transmission bandwidth which is several orders of magnitude greater than the minimum required bandwidth

More information

B SCITEQ. Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications. Scott R. Bullock, P.E. Third Edition. SciTech Publishing, Inc.

B SCITEQ. Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications. Scott R. Bullock, P.E. Third Edition. SciTech Publishing, Inc. Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications Scott R. Bullock, P.E. Third Edition B SCITEQ PUBLISHtN^INC. SciTech Publishing, Inc. Raleigh, NC Contents Preface xvii About the Author xxiii Transceiver

More information

CHAPTER 2. Instructor: Mr. Abhijit Parmar Course: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication ( )

CHAPTER 2. Instructor: Mr. Abhijit Parmar Course: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication ( ) CHAPTER 2 Instructor: Mr. Abhijit Parmar Course: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication (2170710) Syllabus Chapter-2.4 Spread Spectrum Spread Spectrum SS was developed initially for military and intelligence

More information

Acquisition Techniques in Galileo AltBOC Signals

Acquisition Techniques in Galileo AltBOC Signals Acquisition Techniques in Galileo AltBOC Signals João Paulo Mateus Pires joao.mateus.pires@ist.utl.pt Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal October 2016 Abstract The objective of this work is to

More information

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) RECEIVER. B.Tech Thesis Report

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) RECEIVER. B.Tech Thesis Report Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) RECEIVER B.Tech Thesis Report Submitted by Arun Balajee V, Aswin Suresh and Mahesh

More information

Prototype Software-based Receiver for Remote Sensing using Reflected GPS Signals. Dinesh Manandhar The University of Tokyo

Prototype Software-based Receiver for Remote Sensing using Reflected GPS Signals. Dinesh Manandhar The University of Tokyo Prototype Software-based Receiver for Remote Sensing using Reflected GPS Signals Dinesh Manandhar The University of Tokyo dinesh@qzss.org 1 Contents Background Remote Sensing Capability System Architecture

More information

GPS software receiver implementations

GPS software receiver implementations GPS software receiver implementations OLEKSIY V. KORNIYENKO AND MOHAMMAD S. SHARAWI THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A DETAILED description of the various modules needed for the implementation of a global positioning

More information

Update on GPS L1C Signal Modernization. Tom Stansell Aerospace Consultant GPS Wing

Update on GPS L1C Signal Modernization. Tom Stansell Aerospace Consultant GPS Wing Update on GPS L1C Signal Modernization Tom Stansell Aerospace Consultant GPS Wing Glossary BOC = Binary Offset Carrier modulation C/A = GPS Coarse/Acquisition code dbw = 10 x log(signal Power/1 Watt) E1

More information

Prof. P. Subbarao 1, Veeravalli Balaji 2

Prof. P. Subbarao 1, Veeravalli Balaji 2 Performance Analysis of Multicarrier DS-CDMA System Using BPSK Modulation Prof. P. Subbarao 1, Veeravalli Balaji 2 1 MSc (Engg), FIETE, MISTE, Department of ECE, S.R.K.R Engineering College, A.P, India

More information

Lecture 13. Introduction to OFDM

Lecture 13. Introduction to OFDM Lecture 13 Introduction to OFDM Ref: About-OFDM.pdf Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is well-known to be effective against multipath distortion. It is a multicarrier communication scheme,

More information

Correlators for L2C. Some Considerations

Correlators for L2C. Some Considerations Correlators for L2C Some Considerations Andrew dempster Lockheed Martin With the launch of the first modernized GPS Block IIR satellite in September 2006, GNSS product designers have an additional, fully

More information

Part 3. Multiple Access Methods. p. 1 ELEC6040 Mobile Radio Communications, Dept. of E.E.E., HKU

Part 3. Multiple Access Methods. p. 1 ELEC6040 Mobile Radio Communications, Dept. of E.E.E., HKU Part 3. Multiple Access Methods p. 1 ELEC6040 Mobile Radio Communications, Dept. of E.E.E., HKU Review of Multiple Access Methods Aim of multiple access To simultaneously support communications between

More information

Spread Spectrum Basics Spreading Codes IS-95 Features- Transmitter/Receiver Power Control Diversity Techniques RAKE Receiver Soft Handoff

Spread Spectrum Basics Spreading Codes IS-95 Features- Transmitter/Receiver Power Control Diversity Techniques RAKE Receiver Soft Handoff CDMA Mobile Communication & IS-95 1 Outline Spread Spectrum Basics Spreading Codes IS-95 Features- Transmitter/Receiver Power Control Diversity Techniques RAKE Receiver Soft Handoff 2 Spread Spectrum A

More information

Cognitive Radio Transmission Based on Chip-level Space Time Block Coded MC-DS-CDMA over Fast-Fading Channel

Cognitive Radio Transmission Based on Chip-level Space Time Block Coded MC-DS-CDMA over Fast-Fading Channel Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Vol. 73, July 2014, pp. 443-447 Cognitive Radio Transmission Based on Chip-level Space Time Block Coded MC-DS-CDMA over Fast-Fading Channel S. Mohandass * and

More information

Analysis on GNSS Receiver with the Principles of Signal and Information

Analysis on GNSS Receiver with the Principles of Signal and Information Analysis on GNSS Receiver with the Principles of Signal and Information Lishu Guo 1,2, Xuyou Li 1, Xiaoying Kong 2 1. College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China 2. School of Computing

More information

A Simulation Tool for Space-time Adaptive Processing in GPS

A Simulation Tool for Space-time Adaptive Processing in GPS Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium 2006, Cambridge, USA, March 26-29 363 A Simulation Tool for Space-time Adaptive Processing in GPS W. Y. Zhao, L. F. Xu, and R. B. Wu Civil Aviation University

More information

EC 551 Telecommunication System Engineering. Mohamed Khedr

EC 551 Telecommunication System Engineering. Mohamed Khedr EC 551 Telecommunication System Engineering Mohamed Khedr http://webmail.aast.edu/~khedr 1 Mohamed Khedr., 2008 Syllabus Tentatively Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week

More information

Multi-Carrier Systems

Multi-Carrier Systems Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Multi-Carrier Systems 2006/3/9 王森弘 Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Outline Multi-Carrier Systems Overview Multi-Carrier

More information

Lab 3.0. Pulse Shaping and Rayleigh Channel. Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology. The Communications Department

Lab 3.0. Pulse Shaping and Rayleigh Channel. Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology. The Communications Department Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology The Communications Department Course: Advanced Communication Lab [COMM 1005] Lab 3.0 Pulse Shaping and Rayleigh Channel 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Summary...

More information

BeiDou Next Generation Signal Design and Expected Performance

BeiDou Next Generation Signal Design and Expected Performance International Technical Symposium on Navigation and Timing ENAC, 17 Nov 2015 BeiDou Next Generation Signal Design and Expected Performance Challenges and Proposed Solutions Zheng Yao Tsinghua University

More information

The Influence of Multipath on the Positioning Error

The Influence of Multipath on the Positioning Error The Influence of Multipath on the Positioning Error Andreas Lehner German Aerospace Center Münchnerstraße 20 D-82230 Weßling, Germany andreas.lehner@dlr.de Co-Authors: Alexander Steingaß, German Aerospace

More information

Wireless Communication Systems: Implementation perspective

Wireless Communication Systems: Implementation perspective Wireless Communication Systems: Implementation perspective Course aims To provide an introduction to wireless communications models with an emphasis on real-life systems To investigate a major wireless

More information

OGSR: A Low Complexity Galileo Software Receiver using Orthogonal Data and Pilot Channels

OGSR: A Low Complexity Galileo Software Receiver using Orthogonal Data and Pilot Channels OGSR: A Low Complexity Galileo Software Receiver using Orthogonal Data and Pilot Channels Ali Albu-Rghaif, Ihsan A. Lami, Maher Al-Aboodi Abstract To improve localisation accuracy and multipath rejection,

More information

Spread Spectrum: Definition

Spread Spectrum: Definition Spread Spectrum: Definition refers to the expansion of signal bandwidth, by several orders of magnitude in some cases, which occurs when a key is attached to the communication channel an RF communications

More information

By Nour Alhariqi. nalhareqi

By Nour Alhariqi. nalhareqi By Nour Alhariqi nalhareqi - 2014 1 Outline Basic background Research work What I have learned nalhareqi - 2014 2 DS-CDMA Technique For years, direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) appears

More information

SPREAD SPECTRUM CHANNEL MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT

SPREAD SPECTRUM CHANNEL MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT SPACE SPREAD SPECTRUM CHANNEL MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT Satellite communications, earth observation, navigation and positioning and control stations indracompany.com SSCMI SPREAD SPECTRUM CHANNEL MEASUREMENT

More information

OFDM AS AN ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORK

OFDM AS AN ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORK OFDM AS AN ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORK Akshita Abrol Department of Electronics & Communication, GCET, Jammu, J&K, India ABSTRACT With the rapid growth of digital wireless communication

More information

Chapter 2 Overview - 1 -

Chapter 2 Overview - 1 - Chapter 2 Overview Part 1 (last week) Digital Transmission System Frequencies, Spectrum Allocation Radio Propagation and Radio Channels Part 2 (today) Modulation, Coding, Error Correction Part 3 (next

More information

Evaluation of C/N 0 estimators performance for GNSS receivers

Evaluation of C/N 0 estimators performance for GNSS receivers International Conference and Exhibition The 14th IAIN Congress 2012 Seamless Navigation (Challenges & Opportunities) 01-03 October, 2012 - Cairo, Egypt Concorde EL Salam Hotel Evaluation of C/N 0 estimators

More information

MODULATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

MODULATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES 1 MODULATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES Networks and Communication Department Dr. Marwah Ahmed Outlines 2 Introduction Digital Transmission Digital Modulation Digital Transmission of Analog Signal

More information

Benefits and Limitations of New GNSS Signal Designs. Dr. A. J. Van Dierendonck AJ Systems, USA November 18, 2014

Benefits and Limitations of New GNSS Signal Designs. Dr. A. J. Van Dierendonck AJ Systems, USA November 18, 2014 Benefits and Limitations of New GNSS Signal Designs Dr. A. J. Van Dierendonck AJ Systems, USA November 18, 2014 My Opinions on New GNSS Signal Designs This briefing is loosely based upon Leadership Series

More information

Performance Analysis of DSSS and FHSS Techniques over AWGN Channel

Performance Analysis of DSSS and FHSS Techniques over AWGN Channel Performance Analysis of DSSS and FHSS Techniques over AWGN Channel M. Katta Swamy, M.Deepthi, V.Mounika, R.N.Saranya Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, and Andhra Pradesh, India. Corresponding

More information

Chapter 4. Part 2(a) Digital Modulation Techniques

Chapter 4. Part 2(a) Digital Modulation Techniques Chapter 4 Part 2(a) Digital Modulation Techniques Overview Digital Modulation techniques Bandpass data transmission Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Quadrature

More information

Part A: Spread Spectrum Systems

Part A: Spread Spectrum Systems 1 Telecommunication Systems and Applications (TL - 424) Part A: Spread Spectrum Systems Dr. ir. Muhammad Nasir KHAN Department of Electrical Engineering Swedish College of Engineering and Technology February

More information

SPREAD SPECTRUM (SS) SIGNALS FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

SPREAD SPECTRUM (SS) SIGNALS FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Dr. Ali Muqaibel SPREAD SPECTRUM (SS) SIGNALS FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS VERSION 1.1 Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel 1 Introduction Narrow band signal (data) In Spread Spectrum, the bandwidth W is much greater

More information

Performance Evaluation of OFDM System with Rayleigh, Rician and AWGN Channels

Performance Evaluation of OFDM System with Rayleigh, Rician and AWGN Channels Performance Evaluation of OFDM System with Rayleigh, Rician and AWGN Channels Abstract A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme offers high spectral efficiency and better resistance to

More information

Multi-carrier Modulation and OFDM

Multi-carrier Modulation and OFDM 3/28/2 Multi-carrier Modulation and OFDM Prof. Luiz DaSilva dasilval@tcd.ie +353 896-366 Multi-carrier systems: basic idea Typical mobile radio channel is a fading channel that is flat or frequency selective

More information

FMT Signal Options and Associated Receiver Architectures for GNSS

FMT Signal Options and Associated Receiver Architectures for GNSS FMT Signal Options and Associated Receiver Architectures for GNSS A. Garcia-Pena, O. Julien, C. Macabiau ENAC Toulouse, France A. Emmanuele, M. Luise Department of Information Engineering University of

More information

UNIT 1 - introduction to GPS

UNIT 1 - introduction to GPS UNIT 1 - introduction to GPS 1. GPS SIGNAL Each GPS satellite transmit two signal for positioning purposes: L1 signal (carrier frequency of 1,575.42 MHz). Modulated onto the L1 carrier are two pseudorandom

More information

Chapter 7. Multiple Division Techniques

Chapter 7. Multiple Division Techniques Chapter 7 Multiple Division Techniques 1 Outline Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Comparison of FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA Walsh

More information

Part A: Spread Spectrum Systems

Part A: Spread Spectrum Systems 1 Telecommunication Systems and Applications (TL - 424) Part A: Spread Spectrum Systems Dr. ir. Muhammad Nasir KHAN Department of Electrical Engineering Swedish College of Engineering and Technology March

More information

Wireless Communication: Concepts, Techniques, and Models. Hongwei Zhang

Wireless Communication: Concepts, Techniques, and Models. Hongwei Zhang Wireless Communication: Concepts, Techniques, and Models Hongwei Zhang http://www.cs.wayne.edu/~hzhang Outline Digital communication over radio channels Channel capacity MIMO: diversity and parallel channels

More information

Spread spectrum. Outline : 1. Baseband 2. DS/BPSK Modulation 3. CDM(A) system 4. Multi-path 5. Exercices. Exercise session 7 : Spread spectrum 1

Spread spectrum. Outline : 1. Baseband 2. DS/BPSK Modulation 3. CDM(A) system 4. Multi-path 5. Exercices. Exercise session 7 : Spread spectrum 1 Spread spectrum Outline : 1. Baseband 2. DS/BPSK Modulation 3. CDM(A) system 4. Multi-path 5. Exercices Exercise session 7 : Spread spectrum 1 1. Baseband +1 b(t) b(t) -1 T b t Spreading +1-1 T c t m(t)

More information

Chapter 2 Overview - 1 -

Chapter 2 Overview - 1 - Chapter 2 Overview Part 1 (last week) Digital Transmission System Frequencies, Spectrum Allocation Radio Propagation and Radio Channels Part 2 (today) Modulation, Coding, Error Correction Part 3 (next

More information

A JOINT MODULATION IDENTIFICATION AND FREQUENCY OFFSET CORRECTION ALGORITHM FOR QAM SYSTEMS

A JOINT MODULATION IDENTIFICATION AND FREQUENCY OFFSET CORRECTION ALGORITHM FOR QAM SYSTEMS A JOINT MODULATION IDENTIFICATION AND FREQUENCY OFFSET CORRECTION ALGORITHM FOR QAM SYSTEMS Evren Terzi, Hasan B. Celebi, and Huseyin Arslan Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida

More information

Design of Peak-finding Algorithm on Acquisition of Weak GPS Signals

Design of Peak-finding Algorithm on Acquisition of Weak GPS Signals 006 IEEE Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics October 8-11, 006, Taipei, Taiwan Design of Peak-finding Algorithm on Acquisition of Weak GPS Signals W. L. Mao, A. B. Chen, Y. F. Tseng, F. R. Chang,

More information

Chapter 2 Channel Equalization

Chapter 2 Channel Equalization Chapter 2 Channel Equalization 2.1 Introduction In wireless communication systems signal experiences distortion due to fading [17]. As signal propagates, it follows multiple paths between transmitter and

More information

CNES contribution to GALILEO signals design JC2. Jean-Luc Issler

CNES contribution to GALILEO signals design JC2. Jean-Luc Issler CNES contribution to GALILEO signals design JC2 Jean-Luc Issler INTRODUCTION GALILEO Signals have been designed by the members of the "GALILEO Signal Task Force(STF)" of the European Commission. CNES was

More information

Future GNSS: Improved Signals and Constellations

Future GNSS: Improved Signals and Constellations Future GNSS: Improved Signals and Constellations Guillermo Martínez Morán 1 1 Airbus Defense & Space. Paseo John Lennon s/n 28096 Getafe (Madrid Spain) Guillermo.M.Martinez@military.airbus.com Abstract:

More information

LOW POWER GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) SIGNAL DETECTION AND PROCESSING

LOW POWER GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) SIGNAL DETECTION AND PROCESSING LOW POWER GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) SIGNAL DETECTION AND PROCESSING Dennis M. Akos, Per-Ludvig Normark, Jeong-Taek Lee, Konstantin G. Gromov Stanford University James B. Y. Tsui, John Schamus

More information

Performance of Wideband Mobile Channel with Perfect Synchronism BPSK vs QPSK DS-CDMA

Performance of Wideband Mobile Channel with Perfect Synchronism BPSK vs QPSK DS-CDMA Performance of Wideband Mobile Channel with Perfect Synchronism BPSK vs QPSK DS-CDMA By Hamed D. AlSharari College of Engineering, Aljouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, hamed_100@hotmail.com

More information

SC - Single carrier systems One carrier carries data stream

SC - Single carrier systems One carrier carries data stream Digital modulation SC - Single carrier systems One carrier carries data stream MC - Multi-carrier systems Many carriers are used for data transmission. Data stream is divided into sub-streams and each

More information

CDMA Principle and Measurement

CDMA Principle and Measurement CDMA Principle and Measurement Concepts of CDMA CDMA Key Technologies CDMA Air Interface CDMA Measurement Basic Agilent Restricted Page 1 Cellular Access Methods Power Time Power Time FDMA Frequency Power

More information

OFDMA and MIMO Notes

OFDMA and MIMO Notes OFDMA and MIMO Notes EE 442 Spring Semester Lecture 14 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a digital multi-carrier modulation technique extending the concept of single subcarrier modulation

More information

ORTHOGONAL frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)

ORTHOGONAL frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 144 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING, VOL. 51, NO. 1, MARCH 2005 Performance Analysis for OFDM-CDMA With Joint Frequency-Time Spreading Kan Zheng, Student Member, IEEE, Guoyan Zeng, and Wenbo Wang, Member,

More information

TSTE17 System Design, CDIO. General project hints. Behavioral Model. General project hints, cont. Lecture 5. Required documents Modulation, cont.

TSTE17 System Design, CDIO. General project hints. Behavioral Model. General project hints, cont. Lecture 5. Required documents Modulation, cont. TSTE17 System Design, CDIO Lecture 5 1 General project hints 2 Project hints and deadline suggestions Required documents Modulation, cont. Requirement specification Channel coding Design specification

More information

Design of Spread-Spectrum Communication System Based on FPGA

Design of Spread-Spectrum Communication System Based on FPGA Sensors & Transducers 203 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportal.com Design of Spread-Spectrum Communication System Based on FPGA Yixin Yan, Xiaolei Liu, 2* Xiaobing Zhang College Measurement Control Technology

More information

Unambiguous BOC Acquisition in Galileo Signal

Unambiguous BOC Acquisition in Galileo Signal Unambiguous BO Acquisition in Galileo Signal Wei-Lung Mao, Wei-Yin Zeng, Jyh Sheen, Wei-Ming Wang Department of Electronic Engineering and Graduate of Electro-Optical and Materials Science, National Formosa

More information

Outline / Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 7: Physical Layer OFDM. Frequency-Selective Radio Channel. How Do We Increase Rates?

Outline / Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 7: Physical Layer OFDM. Frequency-Selective Radio Channel. How Do We Increase Rates? Page 1 Outline 18-452/18-750 Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 7: Physical Layer OFDM Peter Steenkiste Carnegie Mellon University RF introduction Modulation and multiplexing Channel capacity Antennas

More information

Overview. Cognitive Radio: Definitions. Cognitive Radio. Multidimensional Spectrum Awareness: Radio Space

Overview. Cognitive Radio: Definitions. Cognitive Radio. Multidimensional Spectrum Awareness: Radio Space Overview A Survey of Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Applications Tevfik Yucek and Huseyin Arslan Cognitive Radio Multidimensional Spectrum Awareness Challenges Spectrum Sensing Methods

More information

Practical issue: Group definition. TSTE17 System Design, CDIO. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Components of a digital communication system

Practical issue: Group definition. TSTE17 System Design, CDIO. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Components of a digital communication system 1 2 TSTE17 System Design, CDIO Introduction telecommunication OFDM principle How to combat ISI How to reduce out of band signaling Practical issue: Group definition Project group sign up list will be put

More information

ELT Receiver Architectures and Signal Processing Fall Mandatory homework exercises

ELT Receiver Architectures and Signal Processing Fall Mandatory homework exercises ELT-44006 Receiver Architectures and Signal Processing Fall 2014 1 Mandatory homework exercises - Individual solutions to be returned to Markku Renfors by email or in paper format. - Solutions are expected

More information

MITIGATING CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET USING NULL SUBCARRIERS

MITIGATING CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET USING NULL SUBCARRIERS International Journal on Intelligent Electronic System, Vol. 8 No.. July 0 6 MITIGATING CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET USING NULL SUBCARRIERS Abstract Nisharani S N, Rajadurai C &, Department of ECE, Fatima

More information

2 INTRODUCTION TO GNSS REFLECTOMERY

2 INTRODUCTION TO GNSS REFLECTOMERY 2 INTRODUCTION TO GNSS REFLECTOMERY 2.1 Introduction The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals reflected by the sea surface for altimetry applications was first suggested by Martín-Neira

More information

Use-case analysis of the BOC/CBOC modulations in GIOVE-B E1 Signal

Use-case analysis of the BOC/CBOC modulations in GIOVE-B E1 Signal Use-case analysis of the BOC/CBOC modulations in GIOVE-B E1 Signal Rui Sarnadas, Teresa Ferreira GMV Lisbon, Portugal www.gmv.com Sergio Carrasco, Gustavo López-Risueño ESTEC, ESA Noordwijk, The Netherlands

More information

Forschungszentrum Telekommunikation Wien

Forschungszentrum Telekommunikation Wien Forschungszentrum Telekommunikation Wien OFDMA/SC-FDMA Basics for 3GPP LTE (E-UTRA) T. Zemen April 24, 2008 Outline Part I - OFDMA and SC/FDMA basics Multipath propagation Orthogonal frequency division

More information

Comparative Study of OFDM & MC-CDMA in WiMAX System

Comparative Study of OFDM & MC-CDMA in WiMAX System IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 9, Issue 1, Ver. IV (Jan. 2014), PP 64-68 Comparative Study of OFDM & MC-CDMA in WiMAX

More information

SX-NSR 2.0 A Multi-frequency and Multi-sensor Software Receiver with a Quad-band RF Front End

SX-NSR 2.0 A Multi-frequency and Multi-sensor Software Receiver with a Quad-band RF Front End SX-NSR 2.0 A Multi-frequency and Multi-sensor Software Receiver with a Quad-band RF Front End - with its use for Reflectometry - N. Falk, T. Hartmann, H. Kern, B. Riedl, T. Pany, R. Wolf, J.Winkel, IFEN

More information

Lecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING. Radar Signal Processing Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti. Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti

Lecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING. Radar Signal Processing Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti. Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti Lecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING Signal Reception Receiver Bandwidth Pulse Shape Power Relation Beam Width Pulse Repetition Frequency Antenna Gain Radar Cross Section of Target. Signal-to-noise ratio Receiver

More information

It is well known that GNSS signals

It is well known that GNSS signals GNSS Solutions: Multipath vs. NLOS signals GNSS Solutions is a regular column featuring questions and answers about technical aspects of GNSS. Readers are invited to send their questions to the columnist,

More information

SPECTRAL SEPARATION COEFFICIENTS FOR DIGITAL GNSS RECEIVERS

SPECTRAL SEPARATION COEFFICIENTS FOR DIGITAL GNSS RECEIVERS SPECTRAL SEPARATION COEFFICIENTS FOR DIGITAL GNSS RECEIVERS Daniele Borio, Letizia Lo Presti 2, and Paolo Mulassano 3 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 029,

More information

Probability of Secondary Code Acquisition for Multi-Component GNSS Signals

Probability of Secondary Code Acquisition for Multi-Component GNSS Signals Author manuscript, published in "EWGNSS 23, 6th European Workshop on GNSS Signals and Signal Processing, Munich : Germany (23)" Probability of Secondary Code Acquisition for Multi-Component GNSS Signals

More information

Galileo Time Receivers

Galileo Time Receivers Galileo Time Receivers by Stefan Geissler, PPM GmbH, Penzberg Germany Workshop "T&F Services with Galileo" 5/6 December 2005 Galileo Time Receivers by Stefan Geissler, PPM GmbH, Penzberg Germany Workshop

More information

A Multicarrier CDMA Based Low Probability of Intercept Network

A Multicarrier CDMA Based Low Probability of Intercept Network A Multicarrier CDMA Based Low Probability of Intercept Network Sayan Ghosal Email: sayanghosal@yahoo.co.uk Devendra Jalihal Email: dj@ee.iitm.ac.in Giridhar K. Email: giri@ee.iitm.ac.in Abstract The need

More information

Performance Evaluation of STBC-OFDM System for Wireless Communication

Performance Evaluation of STBC-OFDM System for Wireless Communication Performance Evaluation of STBC-OFDM System for Wireless Communication Apeksha Deshmukh, Prof. Dr. M. D. Kokate Department of E&TC, K.K.W.I.E.R. College, Nasik, apeksha19may@gmail.com Abstract In this paper

More information

Acquisition and Tracking of IRNSS Receiver on MATLAB and Xilinx

Acquisition and Tracking of IRNSS Receiver on MATLAB and Xilinx Acquisition and Tracking of IRNSS Receiver on MATLAB and Xilinx Kishan Y. Rathod 1, Dr. Rajendra D. Patel 2, Amit Chorasiya 3 1 M.E Student / Marwadi Education Foundation s Groups of Institute 2 Accociat

More information

Ionosphere Effects for Wideband GNSS Signals

Ionosphere Effects for Wideband GNSS Signals Ionosphere Effects for Wideband GNSS Signals Grace Xingxin Gao, Seebany Datta-Barua, Todd Walter, and Per Enge Stanford University BIOGRAPHY Grace Xingxin Gao is a Ph.D. candidate under the guidance of

More information

Amplitude Frequency Phase

Amplitude Frequency Phase Chapter 4 (part 2) Digital Modulation Techniques Chapter 4 (part 2) Overview Digital Modulation techniques (part 2) Bandpass data transmission Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Frequency

More information

Chapter 7 Spread-Spectrum Modulation

Chapter 7 Spread-Spectrum Modulation Chapter 7 Spread-Spectrum Modulation Spread Spectrum Technique simply consumes spectrum in excess of the minimum spectrum necessary to send the data. 7.1 Introduction Definition of spread-spectrum modulation

More information

Phase Modulator for Higher Order Dispersion Compensation in Optical OFDM System

Phase Modulator for Higher Order Dispersion Compensation in Optical OFDM System Phase Modulator for Higher Order Dispersion Compensation in Optical OFDM System Manpreet Singh 1, Karamjit Kaur 2 Student, University College of Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, India 1. Assistant

More information