Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of IPMSG Incorporating Loss Minimization and Speed Sensorless Schemes for Wind Energy System

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1 Mau Power Pont Trackng Control of IPMSG Incorporatng o Mnzaton an Spee Senorle Schee for Wn Energy Syte M. Nar Un, Senor Meber IEEE, an Nrav Patel Departent of Electrcal Engneerng akehea Unverty Thuner Bay, Ontaro P7B 5E, Canaa E-al: un@lakeheau.ca, npatel4@lakeheau.ca Abtract In the varable-pee generaton yte, the wn turbne can be operate at au power operatng pont by ajutng the haft pee optally. Th paper preent a novel au power pont trackng (MPPT bae control of nteror peranent agnet ynchronou generator ncorporatng lo nzaton algorth. In the propoe etho, wthout reurng the knowlege of wn pee, ar enty or turbne paraeter, MPPT algorth generate optu pee coan for pee control loop of vector controlle achne e converter. The MPPT algorth ue the etate actve power output of the generator a t nput an generate coan pee o that au power tranferre to the c-lnk. The propoe control yte alo ncorporate a lo nzaton algorth to nze the loe n the generator an hence, to prove the effcency of the wn energy converon yte. A pee enorle chee alo ncorporate to ncreae the relablty of the yte. The perforance of the propoe aaptve MPPT control of wn generator ncorporatng lo nzaton an pee enorle chee tete n both ulaton an eperent at varable wn pee conton. Ine Ter Wn energy, au power pont trackng control, o nzaton algorth, pee enorle control, IPM ynchronou generator. I. INTODUCTION The popularty of renewable energy ha eperence gnfcant growth recently ue to the foreeeable ehauton of conventonal fol fuel power generaton etho an ncreang realzaton of the avere effect that conventonal fol fuel power generaton ha on the envronent. Aong the renewable energy ource, wn energy ha receve great attenton a a afe an clean renewable power ource []-[7]. A typcal block agra of rect-rve wn energy converon yte (WECS hown n Fg.. ecently, the nteror peranent agnet ynchronou achne (IPMSM ha receve uch attenton n rect-rve wn energy applcaton becaue of t everal avantage uch a, hgh effcency, hgher power enty, le antenance, low noe an robutne. A rect rve varable pee wn turbne can be bae on a urface type or nteror type peranent agnet ynchronou generator (IPMSG. However, an IPMSG can prouce ore energy a copare to that of urface type peranent agnet ynchronou generator (SPMSG [7]-[9]. Depte any avantage the control of IPMSG coplcate ue to agnetc alency an t nonlnear couplng between - a current. Moreover, the nuctance paraeter of IPMSM vary wth the agnetc aturaton that affect the perforance of the generator n both tranent an teay-tate. eearcher have been evelopng everal technue for au power pont trackng (MPPT operaton of IPMSG o that the au power can be tranferre fro wn to the c lnk of the nput e converter of the WECS [,5,9- ]. Several type of control chee uch a uty cycle control, look up table for optu rotor pee, optu tp pee rato (TS have been propoe to prove the perforance of wn power etracton [0]-[]. However, thee chee epen on the charactertc of wn turbne (WT ether before or urng eecuton. Moreover, the WT coponent ten to change ther charactertc over the te. Control trategy nepenent of the WT charactertc, uch a perturbaton an obervaton (PO etho very fleble an accurate [3-5]. Optu power earch algorth propoe n [3] track peak power pont n power curve (P correpon to, 0. In [5] an [5] neural network bae MPPT algorth for SPMSG are propoe. However, the control of SPMSG eaer than that of IPMSG [3-5]. Furtherore, n ot of the publhe work on WECS the lo nzaton n the generator wa gnore [-7,9-5]. But the achne lo nzaton an portant ue to prove the effcency of WECS. Agan, the reoval of rotor poton enor for the generator a crucal ue for relable operaton of WECS a the enor vulnerable for electroagnetc noe n hotle envronent an ha a lte teperature range. For PM achne rate up to 0kW the cot of an encoer below 0% of the achne anufacturng cot. So, the cot of replacng the enor ay not be an ue. But t har to replace the enor ue to the lte acceblty. Thu, the elnaton of the electroechancal enor reuce the harware cot, the ntallaton coplety of the yte (becaue of aocate wrng, ecreae the yte nerta, ncreae the robutne an the relablty an reuce obvouly the noe entvty of the WECS [4-8]. Aong fferent type of rotor pee etaton technue, the oel reference aaptve yte (MAS chee offer pler pleentaton an reure le coputatonal effort a copare to other etho [7- ]. Thu, the MAS utlze n th work for rotor poton etaton of IPMSG. Moreover, the ntegraton of

2 MPPT chee wth lo nzaton an pee enorle chee for IPMSG ha never been reporte. The control trategy to nze the achne loe can be ve nto two categore: a earch controller (SC, b lo-oel-bae controller (MC. The bac prncple of the SC to eaure the nput power an then teratvely earch for the flu level (or t euvalent varable untl the nu nput power etecte for a gven torue an pee. Iportant rawback of the SC are the low convergence an torue rpple. The oel-bae controller copute loe by ung the achne oel an elect a flu level that nze the loe [3-5]. MC fat an oe not prouce torue rpple. Therefore, n th paper, a novel aaptve MPPT algorth ncorporatng an MC an pee enorle chee evelope to tranfer au power fro WT to the clnk. The MPPT algorth generate the optu reference pee for IPMSG bae on the output power of the generator. A otor oel bae lo nzaton algorth (MA ntegrate wth the MPPT to optze the effcency of the WECS [3]. The MA generate the optu -a current, whch control the flu to nze the electrcal loe (.e., copper an ron loe. In orer to verfy the effectvene of the propoe IPMSG bae WECS, a ulaton oel evelope ung MATAB-Sulnk. The propoe yte alo pleente n real-te ung DSP boar DS04 for a 5 hp IPMSG. It foun fro the reult that propoe control technue can tranfer au power whle antanng hgh effcency, controllablty an accurate pee etaton of the generator. II. WIND ENEGY CONVESION SYSTEM (WECS A. Moelng of Wn Turbne A typcal varable pee rect-rve WECS hown n Fg..The area ne the otte lne of WECS how the cope of th paper. A varable pee WT rven IPMSG connecte to the DC lnk through controlle rectfer. A th yte oen't ue gear bo, t calle rect-rve WECS. Ung the echancal torue of WT, the IPMSG prouce 3- phae AC power whch converte to DC power ung controlle rectfer. Power flter DC lnk Power flter Gr lne P ½ρ Av ³Cp( λ, β f(v, ( T P ( ( p (6 5 e ζ C (3 ζ an λ (4 ζ λ 0.08β 3 β v where, P - power n watt, ρ-ar enty ea level an 0 C, A- Swept area of the turbne blae (², v Wn pee (/, C p - Wn turbne power coeffcent, β - ptch angle 0, - angular velocty of turbne (ra/, - rotor rau (, an λ- tp pee rato (blae tp pee/wn pee. A real wn pee can be efne a [6]: v (t v (t v (t v (t v (t (5 b r g where, V b bae wn coponent, V r rap wn coponent, V g gut wn coponent, an V n bae noe wn coponent. In wn energy converon yte output power au at partcular rotor pee for a gven wn pee. Fg. how the power coeffcent C P v tp pee rato (TS, λ. The au C p that can be obtane for the pecfc TS To further eplan th concept, Fg. 3 how the typcal WT an generator power curve at fferent rotor pee for fferent wn velocte. Mau turbne power, P a an generator power, P e a are the au power pont at fferent rotor pee wth changng wn. It ere that the au power controller follow that generator power curve at varable wn pee. Cp Fg. C P a a functon of λ at fferent wn velocte. n Cp V TS t λ TS (λ Generator Controlle ectfer Controlle Inverter Tranforer Wn Turbne Fg. Typcal varable pee WECS. The echancal power an torue that WT etract fro the wn calculate by the followng euaton []: Fg. 3 Power-Spee charactertc at varou wn velocte (. -turbne power; -generator power.

3 B. Matheatcal Moel of IPMSM Conventonally, the IPM ynchronou achne can be repreente atheatcally n - ynchronou rotatng frae a []: v (6 t v (7 t where, v, v are - a voltage an, are - a current,, are - a flu lnkage, repectvely an the tator retance per phae; ( P electrcal angular pee an P the nuber of pole par of IPMSM. The - a flu lnkage, an can be wrtten a, an, (8 v v I I I c I c Ve I e c I e c I e I e where, the agnetc flu lnkage, an, are - a nuctance, repectvely. When ung lupe a oel a gven n euaton below for WT generator haft yte, the oton euaton of IPMSG can be epree a: r J T Te B (9 t where, J - total oent of nerta of the wn turbne an generator (Kg., B - apng coeffcent (Kg. /, T - nput echancal torue (N gven by (. In the above atheatcal oel, core lo not ncorporate an hence not utable to evelop lo nzaton algorth. C. Moel Bae o Mnzaton Algorth of IPMSM The - a euvalent crcut of nteror peranent agnet ynchronou achne ncorporatng tator copper an core loe are hown n Fg. 4. The core lo, whch caue by hytere an ey current, repreente by an euvalent core-lo retance, c. Conerng th retance, the IPMSM can be repreente atheatcally n - ynchronou rotatng frae a: v e v e (0 v e c ve ve 0 σ e 0 ve r 0 e ( σ e ( c, e c ( c c e, c e (3 c where, e an e are -a eagnetzng an -a torue generatng current, repectvely, c an c are - a core lo current, an alency rato, σ /. Copper an core loe are the two controllable loe n IPMSM. Ey current loe are caue by the flow of nuce current ne the tator core an hytere loe Fg.4 Fg. Euvalent Euvalent crcut crcut of of IPMSM: IPMSM (a (a -a, - a (b (b -a. -a. are caue by the contnuou varaton of flu lnkage an freuency of the flu varaton n the core. On the other han copper lo, P ue to current flow through the tator wnng. Bae on En. (, (3 an Fg. 4 the copper lo P, ron lo P, an effcency η are epree a follow: Pcu ( (4 σ e ( r e e e c c P Fe e ( r e c c c c c c c ( P P E cu P P M P P Fe E σ (5 Pout η 00 % (6 P P out where, P - total lo, P M - echancal lo, P E - electrcal lo, P out - c-lnk power an η the overall effcency of the WECS. In orer to fn the core lo retance, c at rate loa an pee frt, the ron lo P Fe calculate by ubtractng echancal lo P ech, copper lo P cu, an rate output power P out fro the rate nput power P n. Then the c calculate fro the epreon (5. The core lo retance, c change wth operatng conton a t a functon of ar-gap flu an freuency. But for plcty n th work t aue contant. The electroagnetc evelope torue gven by, 3P T { ( } (7 e r e e e A een that the torue nonlnear wth e an e. The frt part the agnetc torue an the econ part the reluctance torue. The reluctance torue abent n urface ounte PMSG a. Both earch bae an oel bae MA have been ue n vector-controlle IPMSM rve [3]. The earch bae

4 /S θ r MAS bae pee etaton Fg. 5 Propoe WECS confguraton an control tructure. Wn Turbne lo nzaton technue ha t own avantage uch a nentvty to paraeter varaton caue by teperature an agnetc aturaton. In the earch bae technue the flu ecreente n a tepwe anner untl the nu nput power of the IPMSM etecte an thu, t enure nu lo conton. However, the earch bae lo nzaton low n convergence. In oel bae lo nzaton the optu -a current ( *, whch prove the nu electrcal lo, erve bae on otor oel. The optu * can be foun by partally fferentatng P E wth repect to flu coponent of -a current, e an ettng t to zero a [], P E 0. e Aung T e, contant a wn won't have uen change over hort pero of te an hence, lo nzaton conton obtane a, MN T e O 0 (8 where, M Pn { c e ( c ( e r } (9 3 N [ r ( - σ e ] (0 O { c ( c ( σ }( - σ ( For gven torue T e an pee the optal *, erve fro (9-( a, ( where, V, W, X, Y an Z are gven by, (3 3 - (4 3 α λ 3 (5 Y α λ α (6 σ λ α (7 where,, (-σ an σ / It een fro (-(7 that * functon of effectve - a coponent e an e. However, for plcty n practce, e an e are conere a total an, repectvely. III. OVEA CONTO OF THE POPOSED WECS SYSTEM The block agra of the control tructure for the propoe WECS hown n Fg. 5. The reference pee * generate bae on the evelope MPPT algorth, whch copare wth actual pee of IPMSG. The actual pee of the IPMSG etate onlne bae on generator ternal voltage an current ung the MAS bae enorle technue. The pee error procee through pee controller whch gve the -a coan current * a output. The -a coan current * generate by the MA, whch control the ar-gap flu of the generator correponng to the nu lo conton. The - a coan voltage v * an v *, are obtane fro - a current controller, repectvely. The PWM gnal for generator e controlle rectfer are generate bae on pace vector oulaton. A retve loa connecte acro the low pa flter of the DC lnk. Capactve bank connecte between IPMSG an controlle rectfer to flter out voltage pke generate by rectfer. A. Mau Power Pont Trackng Algorth Wth changng wn pee, rotor pee nee to be

5 controlle optally to etract au power fro t. The propoe MPPT algorth copute optu pee bae on change n output power recton. It confor that power curve (P- correpon to P/ 0 follow the au power pont a hown n Fg. 6. The flowchart for the propoe MPPT algorth bae on PO etho hown n Fg. 7. The etate power output P e calculate bae on ene I abc an V abc. Th power aple to check the change n recton an fference between prevou an current value ( P e. P e checke f t wthn the aeuate range, then the optu pee reference value rean ae. The control varable X conere a rotor Fg. 6 Hll clb earch algorth for MPPT. pee for th paper. Accorng to the recton of P e an X, gn agne for optu tep change n pee. The gn ultple wth Pe an varable 'K' to fn optu X. Here, K a functon of X whch egne n uch a way that t gve larger value of X at low value of X an vce vera. The followng functon evelope to aapt the coeffcent K wth the value of X bae on tral an error n ulaton o that the MPPT algorth converge fater. (-0.000(X -300 K - e.0 (8 Fg. 7 Flow chart for the propoe MPPT algorth. Optu pee reference foun by ang X to prevou value of X. A hown n Fg. 8 optu pee tracke to etract the au power at fferent wn pee. The curve connectng to A-B-C how the path of au power pont. B. MAS Bae Spee Senorle Schee The oel reference aaptve yte (MAS chee offer pler pleentaton an reure le coputatonal effort a copare to thoe of other etho, an t wely accepte for pee etaton [8]. The MAS etho ue two oel: one nepenent of rotor pee (reference oel an the other epenent on rotor pee (ajutable oel, both havng the ae output (back- EMF. The error of thee actual an etate output fe to the aaptaton echan, whch output the etate rotor pee ( a hown n Fg. 9. Th etate pee Fg. 8 Change of operatng pont for MPPT. ue to tune the ajutable oel tll error zero at whch the etate pee ae a the actual pee. In Fg. 7 the tator current oel wth tator current output ue a aaptve oel. The error between the actual an etate output current fe to an aaptaton echan whch

6 coul be a PI or lng oe controller. In - reference frae, the atheatcal oel of IPMSM En. (6-9 can be rewrtten n current oel for a: v v p 0 0 (9 where, p ervatve operator. En. (9 can be rewrtten a, v v p (30 aung,, v v u A, Thu, the tate En. (30 can rewrtten a, u A p (3 So the aaptve oel can be wrtten a, u A p (3 where, ˆ ˆ Â, an the etate value of the paraeter. The error vector gven by, e (33 Fro En. (3 an (3, there woul be, H Ae pe (34 where, 0 0 ( H Accorng to Popov hypertablty crteron the aaptve law can be obtane a [6-8]: (0 ( ( τ N C N C (35 τ θ ( (36 where, N, (0 the ntal pee an C, C are proportonal an ntegral gan, repectvely. The gan of th aaptaton echan are calculate through Popov hypertablty crteron. En. (35 repreent a PI controller. Thu, the error between reference an aaptve oel procee through a PI controller, whch gve the etate pee of the generator. The etatng perforance of the rotor pee optze by ajutng the PI coeffcent through tral an error proceure. In th work the PI gan were electe a 0.8 an 0.5, repectvely. The actual 3-phae current are eaure an then converte to - coponent. The current error oel generate bae on thee current an the reference current obtane fro MPPT an pee controller, repectvely. Fg. 9 Moel reference aaptve yte for pee etaton. IV. ESUTS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Sulaton eult The perforance of the propoe aaptve MPPT control of IPMSG ncorporatng the MA an pee enorle chee for wn energy converon yte nvetgate etenvely n ulaton ung MATAB/Sulnk oftware. The wn turbne oele bae on En. (-(4. The paraeter for IPMSG ue n ulaton are gven n Appen. Pleae note that the paraeter ue n the MPPT, MA an MAS algorth are conere contant at nonal value for the ake of tetng the propoe algorth. An onlne paraeter etaton algorth ay be ue to upate the paraeter onlne o that agnetc aturaton or other yte turbance an nonlnearte can be nclue [30]. However, the perforance of the propoe aaptve MPPT bae WECS copare wth the conventonal MPPT bae WECS. Saple reult are preente below. Fgure 0 how the repone of the propoe WECS ncorporatng the MPPT, MA an enorle bae control of IPMSG for tep change n wn pee. It een fro Fg. 0(a that the turbne torue follow oothly accorng to the turbance n wn pee. Fg. 0(b how that the propoe MAS bae enorle chee can etate the generator rotor pee oothly accorng to the change n wn pee. It een fro Fg. 0(c that there not uch fference between turbne power an c-lnk power, whch ncate that the MA an MPPT algorth work etate pee,

7 effectvely. Th fact alo prove by the effcency repone of WECS preente n Fg. 0(. The WECS effcency calculate a a rato of echancal output power of turbne, P to c-lnk output power, P o. It een that the propoe yte can antan alot contant effcency of aroun 87% n pte of the wn varaton fro 7/ to 7 /. Fg. how the coparatve echancal power output of wn turbne, P an c-lnk output power, P o for the propoe an conventonal MPPT bae WECS. It clearly ee fro th fgure that both the turbne power an c-lnk power for the propoe aaptve MPPT control yte hgher than thoe of the conventonal MPPT bae WECS. In conventonal MPPT control the optu torue, T opt of the IPMSG foun fro (37, whch a functon of WT echancal paraeter an the optu value of C p, C p-opt [3]. Generally, t conere contant to etract au power for pecfc WT, whch wa for th paper. Thu, t verfe the effectvene of propoe MPPT for tranferrng ore power to the c-lnk fro wn epecally, at hgh wn pee conton. 5 π r Topt ρc p _ opt 3 λopt T opt * 3 P ( (37 (38 Fg. how the zoo-n vew of the teay-tate 3- phae tator voltage, current an etate rotor poton correponng to the tep change n wn pee. The balance operaton of the generator verfe by the voltage an current wavefor. Fg. (c how that the etate rotor poton (electrcal atche wth the tator 'a' phae current eactly whch further verfe the effectvene of the enorle algorth. Fgure 3 how the repone of propoe WECS for a real wn pee oel a per En.(5. A hown n Fg. 3(a wn pee vare fro 9 / to 5 / an the turbne torue follow the wn pee varaton oothly. If the wn pee ncreae the torue alo ncreae an vce vera. Fg. 3(b how the etate an actual rotor pee of the IPMSG. It clearly een fro Fg. 3 that the hgh accuracy of rotor pee etaton antane over a we range of wn pee. Fg. 3(c how that the output c-lnk power follow the echancal power avalable fro turbne effcently. To verfy the au power pont trackng operaton, the C p graph hown n Fg. 3(, whch rean alot contant aroun 0.46 for the wn profle a hown n Fg. 0(a. A entone earler, the au C p that can be acheve by the propoe yte an t the only controllable varable to etract the au power. Fg. 3(e how etaton error between etate an actual rotor pee. It een that the enorle control chee can antan the pee error alot zero ecept the tranent conton. Fg. 0 epone of the propoe IPMSG bae WECS for tep change of wn pee: (a Wn pee (/ an Turbne torue (N (b otor actual an etate pee (ra/ (c Turbne power P an c-lnk power P o (W, an ( Effcency (η. (a Wn pee (/ Turbne torue (N Te (ec. Te (ec. Actual Spee ( (b Etate Spee DC-lnk power (W Turbne power (W Te (ec. Te (ec. (b (c

8 Fg. Power etracton for the propoe an conventonal MPPT bae WECS wth tep change n wn pee hown n Fg. 8(a. (c Fg. Zoo-n vew for a tep change n wn pee: (a 3-phae tator current, (b 3-phae tator voltage, an (c a phae current an etate rotor poton. B. Eperental eult Mau turbne power P wth conventonal MPPT P wth propoe MPPT Te (ec. The propoe aaptve MPPT control of IPMSG ncorporatng the MA an pee enorle chee for WECS eperentally pleente ung DSP boar (b (a o P o propoe P o conventonal DS04 [3]. The eperental etup for the prototype 5 hp IPMSG bae WECS hown n Fg. 4. The tet IPMSG labelle a 'G'. The rotor pee of the tet achne eaure by an optcal ncreental encoer whch labelle a 'E'. The eaure pee only ue for coparon purpoe wth the etate rotor pee. The IPMSG couple wth a PM-DC achne (M, whch work a a eparately ecte otor to rve the generator. Thu, the DC otor replace the wn turbne n a laboratory envronent. The actual otor current are eaure by Hall-effect current tranucer. The nterface crcut (I locate between the Hall-effect enor (CS an the A/D channel of DSP boar DS04. The DSP boar ntalle n a peronal coputer (PC. A gate rve crcut (D ue to ncreae the power level of the frng pule o that thee are uffcent to rve the nulate gate bpolar trantor (IGBT wtche of the converter. The power crcut cont of a 3-phae varable autotranforer (A, power upply (PS, rectfer ( an IGBT converter (V. The ac voltage upple by the power upply through autotranforer whch rectfe by a 3- phae uncontrolle rectfer ( to upply DC otor. The pee of the otor change by varyng the nput ac voltage to the rectfer. Thu, t ulate the varable wn pee conton. A gtal torage ocllocope (O ue to capture the ere analog gnal cong out through D/A port of the DSP boar. Saple reult are preente below. Fg. 5 how the effectvene of the pee enorle chee uner varable pee conton. It can be een that the etate pee track the actual rotor pee very well. A the IPMSG 3 pole par achne, one cycle of rotor poton angle correpon to three cycle of phae a current, whch hown n Fg. 6. The balance operaton of the generator verfe by the teay-tate three phae output voltage, whch are hown n Fg. 7. The effectvene of the MPPT an MA algorth can be een fro Fg. 8, whch how that the propoe MPPT an MA can tranfer ore power to the c-lnk a copare to the conventonal MPPT bae WECS. For conventonal MPPT control n real-te the turbne output power frt etate bae on ulaton reult at fferent pee an loa conton an then the reference pee for the wn generator calculate. After that the ae PI pee controller wa utlze to generate the torue coponent of the current,. Thu, n conventonal control electrcal loa varaton wa not ene by the controller an hence, the au power tranfer wa not enure. Due to ltaton of the varable c power upply t wa poble to run the otor up to 70 ra/. It wa foun that the propoe MA bae MPPT can antan the effcency of aroun 85%, whch alot lar to the ulaton reult. A the IPMSG rven by 5 hp PM DC otor n a laboratory envronent, the WT paraeter unavalable for conventonal controller. Th alo the ltaton of the conventonal MPPT control of WECS n real-te.

9 Turbne torue (N Wn pee (/ (a pee etaton error (ra/ (e Te (ec. Te (ec. Fg. 3 epone of the propoe IPMSG bae WECS for real wn pee oel: (a wn pee (/ an turbne torue (N, (b rotor pee (ra/ an, (c turbne power, P (W an output DC lnk power, P o (W, ( wn turbne power coeffcent, C p, an (e pee etaton error. (b Actual Spee Etate Spee PC O V PS CS A D I E G M Turbne power (W (c DC-lnk power (W Fg.4 Eperental etup of the propoe IPMSG bae WECS (DC otor replace the wn turbne n the lab. Te Te (ec. (ec. ( Fg. 5 Meaure an etate rotor pee of the generator. Te (ec.

10 Fg. 6 Steay-tate a phae current an rotor poton of the generator. algorth generate the optu reference pee of the generator wthout the knowlege of wn pee, turbne or generator paraeter. The propoe control technue wa pleente n real-te ung DSP boar DS04 for a laboratory 5 hp IPMSG. The effectvene of the propoe pee enorle an MA bae MPPT control of IPMSG wa verfe n both ulaton an eperent. It wa foun that the propoe control technue can tranfer au power whle antanng accurate pee etaton of the generator at fferent wn pee conton. The MPPT operaton wa confre by antanng au C p an hgh controllablty of the IPMSG. Therefore, the propoe pee enorle an MA bae aaptve MPPT chee coul be a potental canate for relable operaton of nutral wn energy converon yte. APPENDIX: IPMSG PAAMETES Fg. 7 Steay-tate 3-phae tator current of the generator. Fg. 4 Steay-tate 3-phae tator current of the generator. ate Power 5 hp Nuber of pole 6 Nuber of phae 3 -a nuctance, 6.4 H -a nuctance, 5.06 H Stator retance 0.4 oh Core lo retance c 7.5 oh Inerta contant J kg. Dapng contant B 0.00 (N/ra/ec PM flu lnkage 0.4 volt/ra/ec Power output (W P o wth propoe MPPT otor pee Fg. 8 DC-lnk output power, P o at fferent pee (ra/ wth the propoe an conventonal MPPT algorth. V. CONCUSION P o wth conventonal MPPT A pee enorle an lo nzaton bae aaptve MPPT operaton of IPMSG for rect-rve wn energy converon yte ha been preente n th paper. A ple oel reference aaptve yte wa utlze to etate the rotor poton. A novel onlne aaptve MPPT operaton wa utlze to tranfer au power fro wn turbne to the c-lnk. A oel bae MA ha alo been ncorporate to nze the electrcal loe of the generator. The MPPT ACKNOWEDGEMENT: Th work wa upporte by the Natural Scence an Engneerng eearch Councl (NSEC, Canaa uner the Dcovery Grant-Invual progra. VI. EFEENCES [] S. Moroto, H. Kato, M. Sanaa an Y. Takea, "Output Mazaton Control for Wn Generaton Syte wth Interor Peranent Magnet Synchronou Generator," IEEE IAS Annual Meetng, 006, pp. -8. S. [] Moroto, M. Sanaa an Y. Takea, "Optu control of IPMSG for wn generaton yte," Oaka Power Converon Conference, Oaka, Augut 00. [3] J. S. Thonga, P. Bouchar, H. Ezza an M. Ouhrouche, "Wn Spee Senorle Mau Power Pont Trackng Control of Varable Spee Wn Energy Converon Syte," IEEE IEMDC, Ma, F, May 009, pp [4] N. Srghakollapu an P. Senara, "Senorle au power pont trackng control n wn energy generaton ung peranent agnet ynchronou generator," n 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Inutral Electronc, Orlano, F, 0-3 Nov [5] J. S. Thonga, P. Bouchar,. Beguenane an I. Fofana, "Neural network bae wn pee enorle MPPT controller for varable pee wn energy converon yte," n IEEE Electrc Power an Energy Conference, Halfa, NS, Aug 5-7, 00. [6] Blaabjerg, F.; Ke Ma, "Future on Power Electronc for Wn Turbne Syte," Eergng an Selecte Topc n Power Electronc, IEEE Journal of, vol., no.3, pp.39,5, Sept. 03. [7] A. M. O. Harun, M. E. Haue, A. Gargoo an M. Negnevtky, "Control of a Drect Drve IPM Synchronou Generator Bae Varable

11 Spee Wn Turbne wth Energy Storage," IEEE IECON Conference, Glenale, AZ, Nov 00. [8] M. Nar Un, an J. Khatoo, Fuzzy ogc Bae Effcency Optzaton an Iproveent of Dynac Perforance of IPM Synchronou Motor Drve, IEEE Tran. on In. Applcaton, vol. 50, no.6, Nov./Dec. 04, pp [9] W. Qao,. Qu an. G. Harley, "Control of IPM Synchronou Generator for Mau Wn Power Generaton Conerng Magnetc Saturaton," IEEE Tran. on In. Applcaton, vol 45, no. 3, May- June 009, pp [0] A.M. De Broe, S. Droulhet, V. Gevorgan, A peak power tracker for all wn turbne n battery chargng applcaton, IEEE Tran. on Energy Converon, vol. 4, no. 4, Dec. 999, pp [] M. Chnchlla, S. Arnalte, an J.C. Burgo, Control of Peranent Magnet Generator Apple to Varable-Spee Wn-Energy Syte Connecte to the Gr, IEEE Tran. on Energy Conv., vol., no., Mar. 006, pp [] W. u,. Chen, J. Ou an S. Cheng, "Sulaton of PMSG wn turbne yte wth enorle control technology bae on oel reference aaptve yte," Internatonal Conference on Electrcal Machne an Syte, Bejng, Chna, 0, pp.-3. [3] B. Boukhezzar an H. Sguerjane, Nonlnear control of varable pee wn turbne wthout wn pee eaureent, n Proc. 44th IEEE Conference on Decon an Control, Sevlle, Span, Dec. -5, 005, pp [4] X. Gong, X. Yang an W. Qao, "Wn Spee an otor Poton Senorle Control for Drect Drve PMG Wn Turbne," IEEE Tran. on In. Applcaton, vol. 48, no.,, Jan.-Feb. 0 pp. 3-. [5] X. Yang, X. Gong, & W. Qao, "Mechancal enorle au power trackng control for rect-rve PMSG wn turbne", IEEE ECCE Conference, 00, Atlanta, USA, pp [6] Y. Kano, T. Koaka, N. Matu, T. Takahah, M. Fujtuna, "Sgnalnjecton-bae enorle IPM tracton rve for we-torue range operaton at low pee", IEEE Energy Converon Congre an Epoton (ECCE, Sept. 0, pp [7] O. Benjak, D. Gerlng, "evew of poton etaton etho for IPMSM rve wthout a poton enor Part- I an Part-II: Nonaaptve etho," Int. Conf. on Electrcal Machne (ICEM, Sept. 00. [8] Z. Xngng, W. Xuhu, Z. Feng; G. Xnhua, an Z. Peng, "Wepee-range enorle control of Interor PMSM bae on MAS," Internatonal Conference on Electrcal Machne an Syte (ICEMS, Oct. 00, vol.0, no.3, pp [0] H. M. Kojaba, an M. Ghrb, MAS-bae aaptve pee etator n PMSM rve, Proceeng of Avance Moton Control Conference, Itanbul, Turkey, March 006, pp [] K. Huang; W., Shouao Huang;. Xao;. Zheng; Z. Xu, "Senorle control of rect-rven peranent agnet wn power generaton yte bae on prove MAS," Int. Conf. on Electrcal Machne an Syte (ICEMS, 0, vol.0, no.3, pp.-5. []. Carena,. Pena, J. Probote, G. Aher, an J. Clare, MAS oberver for enorle control of tanalone oubly fe nucton generator, vol. 0, no. 4, Dec. 005, pp [3] M. Nar Un, an. ebero, "Onlne Effcency Optzaton of a Fuzzy-ogc-Controller-Bae IPMSM Drve," Inutry Applcaton, IEEE Tranacton on, vol.47, no., pp , March-Aprl 0. [4] M. Nar Un, an J. Khatoo, Fuzzy ogc Bae Effcency Optzaton an Iproveent of Dynac Perforance of IPM Synchronou Motor Drve, IEEE Tran. on In. Applcaton, vol. 50, no. 06, Nov./Dec. 04, pp [5] M. Nar Un an S. Na, New On-lne o Mnzaton Bae Control of an Inucton Motor Drve, IEEE Tran. on Power Electronc, Vol. 3, No., March 008, pp [6] V. T. Buyukegrenc, A. M. Bazz an P. T. Kren, Evaluaton of Inucton an Peranent Magnet Synchronou Machne Ung Drve- Cycle Energy an o Mnzaton n Tracton Applcaton, IEEE Tran. In. Appl., vol. 50, no., Jan. 04, pp [7] V. M. Popov, Stablty Space an freuency-oan conton n Calculu of varaton an control, Acaec Pre New York-an Francco, onon, 976, pp [8] I. anau, A hypertablty crteron for oel reference aaptve control yte,, IEEE Tran. on Autoatc Control, vol.4, no.5,, Oct 969, pp [9] P. M. Aneron an A. Boe., Stablty Sulaton Of Wn Turbne Syte, IEEE Tran. on Power Apparatu an Syte, vol. 0, no., Dec. 983, pp [30] M. Nar Un an M. I. Chy, On-ne Paraeter Etaton Bae Spee Control of PM AC Motor Drve n Flu Weakenng egon, IEEE Tran. on In. Applcaton, Vol. 44, No. 5, Sept./Oct. 008, pp [3] H. Cablog, I. M. e Alegra, M. orguez, an G. Abab, Eperental evaluaton of wn turbne au power pont trackng controller Energy Converon Manageent, vol. 47, no 8-9, pp , 006. [3] SPACE, DSP (DS04 Manual Gue, Paerborn, Gerany, 007. Author Bography: M. Nar Un receve the B.Sc. an M. Sc. egree both n electrcal & electronc engneerng fro Banglaeh Unverty of Engneerng an Technology (BUET, Dhaka, Banglaeh, an the Ph.D. egree n electrcal engneerng fro Meoral Unverty of Newfounlan (MUN, Canaa n 993, 996, an 000, repectvely. He ha been ervng a a Profeor n the Departent of Electrcal Engneerng, akehea Unverty (U, Thuner Bay, ON, Canaa nce Augut 00. He alo erve a a vtng Prof. at Unv. of Malaya (03, 0, 0, Tokyo Unverty of Scence (00, Japan an North South Unverty (006, Dhaka, Banglaeh. Prevouly, he wa an Atant Profeor n the Departent of Electrcal an Coputer Engneerng, Unverty of South Alabaa, USA fro January 00 to May 00, an Atant Profeor fro 996 to 997 an a lecturer fro 994 to 996 at BUET. He poee ore than 0 year of teachng eperence an ha authore/coauthore over 80 paper n nternatonal journal (3 n IEEE Tranacton an conference. Prof. Un a egtere Profeonal Engneer n the Provnce of Ontaro, Canaa. He erve a one of the Techncal Progra Cottee Char for IEEE Energy Converon Congre an Epo (ECCE 05 at Montreal, Canaa. He wa the Techncal Cottee Char for the IEEE Inutry Applcaton Socety (IAS [Inutral Autoaton an Control Cottee (IACC] Annual Meetng n 0 an 0. He erve a Paper evew Char ( an of the IEEE Tranacton on Inutry Applcaton (IACC. He electe to erve a IEEE IAS Eecutve Boar eber an char of IAS Manufacturng Syte Developent an Applcaton Departent for Earler he erve IEEE IAS IACC for 9 year n fferent capacte. Due to h outtanng contrbuton IEEE IAS IACC recognze h wth IEEE IAS Servce Awar 05. He alo receve U Dtnguhe eearcher Awar 00. He wa the recpent of two Frt Prze, one n Prze an one Thr Prze Paper Awar fro IEEE IAS IACC an both 004 Contrbuton to eearch an Contrbuton to Teachng Awar fro U. H reearch nteret nclue power electronc, renewable energy, otor rve, an ntellgent controller applcaton. Nrav Patel receve h B.Sc. n Electrcal Engneerng an M.Sc. Control Engneerng both fro akehea Unverty, Thuner Bay, ON, Canaa n 0 an 03, repectvely. Currently, he workng a an electronc tet pecalt at Genther, ON, Canaa. H reearch nteret are n the area of renewable energy yte, wn turbne control yte, an power electronc. Mr. Nrav receve the IEEE Inutry Applcaton Socety (IAS Myron Zucker Stuent Degn Contet Awar (3r Prze 0 for Dual otor Maglev Aal Flu Generator egn.

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