Index. Hybrid cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna, 6 Hyperlan/2 systems, 124

Transcription

1 A Agilent E3333B vector network, 183 Ansoft HFSS V.14 software, 104 Antenna array, MAP. See Hemispherical dielectric lens Antenna configuration, 234, 235 Antenna design concept and structure, parameters, 176 Antenna loaded with CRLH, 86, design coplanar waveguide antenna, 86 EBG squares, 86 HFSS, 86 proposed antenna, 86 radiation pattern, xoz plane, 89 TL resonator and EBG, 84 total gains, radiation patterns, 89 types, 88 WLAN, 86 yoz plane, 89 ZORs, 90 monopole antenna, 85 Aperture-coupled asymmetric DRA, 105, mobile device, 22 mobile handsets, 213, 214, 226 unbalanced antennas, 22 wideband designs, 227 Balun design, Bandwidth, 42, 47 Beam scanning, 284 C Compact internal wideband metal-plate monopole antenna, 14 Compact metal-plate monopole antenna, 14 Conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW), 120 Coordinated multipoint (CoMP), 4 Coplanar antenna, 235 Coplanar configurations Coplanar feeding, 238, 239 Coplanar transmission line, 232 Coplanar waveguide (CPW), 13, 30, 233, 234 Coplanar waveguide resonant cell (CCRC), 16 CST EM simulator, 239 CST Microwave Studio, 58, 162, 183 Cylindrical Luneburg lens, 287 B Back-to-back planar balun, 219 Balanced antenna, 23, 30 antenna configuration, 226 balanced structure, 22 balun design, 217 concept, requirements and challenges, D Defected ground structure (DGS), 16, 19 in feeding strip, 120 parametric analysis of, 123 Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), Double-monopole crescent-shaped antennas adjacent antenna elements, 53 antenna design, Springer International Publishing AG 2018 I. Elfergani et al. (eds.), Antenna Fundamentals for Legacy Mobile Applications and Beyond, DOI /

2 324 Double-monopole crescent-shaped antennas (cont.) A T-shaped line joining, 56 coupled signal, coupling reduction, crescent-shaped monopole, 56 current distribution, decoupling techniques, 56 envelope correlation coefficients, 63, 64, 68 experimental validations, ground plane, 55 MIMO systems, 53 optimum antenna matching, 54 parametric study, 67 placing, 55 printed antennas, 54 proposed antennas, 66 published works, 65 reflection coefficient and isolation, spaced antennas, 54 S-parameters with frequency, 67 2D printed monopole, 14 Dual band WLAN, 234, 239 Dual U-shaped slot PIFA MIMO antennas antenna design and consideration, antenna prototype, 167 capacity loss, 165 channel capacity, 165, 166, 171 correlation coefficient, CST Microwave Studio, 169 EBG characterization, EBG materials, 159 geometry and dimensions, 166 MIMO antenna, , 170 PEC, 159, 160 PMC, 159, 160 radiation pattern, 170 reflection phase, 162 Sievenpiper s equations, 161, 162 S-parameters, suspended microstrip line, 162, 163 TARC, 164 UC-EBG structure, 160 Dual/triple-band MIMO antennas, Dual-band balanced antenna structure, balanced antennas, 246 design and concept, folded arm radiators, 248, 249 LTE bands, 246 mobile handheld devices, 245 mobile phones application, 246 practical techniques, 245 proposed balanced antenna handheld, input impedance, 255, 256 parametric analysis, 251, 252 power gain and efficiency, 258, 259, 261 reflection coefficient, simulated far fields, radiator element, 246 SAR, 246 unbalanced antennas, 246 Dual-band CPW balanced antenna, 242 Dual-band planar inverted F-L antenna co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns, 50 design structure and procedures, fabricated proposed antenna, 46 F-shaped radiator height, F-shaped radiator length, 43 full-size design, 47 licence-free ISM and UWB bands, 39 L-shaped radiator height, 45 L-shaped radiator length, magnetic wall approach, 40 miniaturization techniques, 51 parametric analysis, radiation efficiencies, 47, 49 radiation patterns, 50 SMA feeding, 46 wireless communication technologies, 39 WLAN, 40 E Eigenmode decomposition scheme, 19 Electrically small antennas (ESA), 72 81, CRLH (see Antenna loaded with CRLH) design antenna without SRR, 79 bowtie monopole antenna, 79 coefficient of reflection with and without SRR, 81 gain, with and without SRR, 81 monopole bowtie type, 78 SRR metamaterial cell, 79 total gain, radiation pattern, 80 dielectric materials, 71 electromagnetic scattering, 71 fundamentals, metamaterials (see Metamaterials, ESA) limitations, 72 metamaterial, 71 mobile networks, 71

3 325 monopole (see Monopole antenna) moon shape, surface integrated waveguide (SIW), 96 terrestrial digital video, 71 transmission line theory (TL), 95 WiMAX, 71 WLAN, 71 Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure, 19 Envelope correlation coefficients (ECC), 63, 64 F Fabricated proposed folded balanced antenna, 239 Finite Integration Technique (FIT), 162 Folded loop antenna (FLA) genetic algorithm, geometry of, 215 Morishta s work, 215 single 2G/3G band, 215 Free space (FS), 213 Full hexagonal slot, G Ground plane conductors, GUMTS applications, 215 H Half hexagonal slot, Head and hand models, 204, 206, 252, 253, 259 HEM11δ and the HEM12δ modes, 102, 104 Hemispherical dielectric lens, 274, , 281 conventional MPA, 273 extended, 270 fabricated MPA, 274 MPA array 2D radiation pattern, azimuth plane, 277, 278 2D radiation pattern, elevation plane, 279 3D radiation pattern, elements, 279 design, 274 mutual coupling, array elements, 277 parameters, 277 simulated and measured radiation pattern, 281 simulated and measured return loss, 281 Teflon lens, 274 orthogonal planes, 272 Teflon cylinder, 270 Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), 4, 26 Hybrid cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna, 6 Hyperlan/2 systems, 124 I IEEE a band, 47 IEEE802.11b/g frequency band, 47 Integrated lens antenna, 273 hemispherical Teflon lens, 270 MPA integrated with lens 3D radiation patterns, 273 gain, 273 radiation pattern, 272 return loss of, 271 MPA with extended hemispherical dielectric lens, 273 MPA with Teflon lens, 271 structure of MPA, 268 I-shaped decoupling network, L Long Term Evolution (LTE), 192 LTE enhancements, 4 Luneburg lens, cylindrical, 287 2D radiation pattern, 289 3D radiation pattern, 290 inhomogeneous dielectric lens, 286 permittivity and radius, PLPDA feeds 2D radiation pattern, azimuth plane, 294, 295 2D radiation pattern, elevation plane, 297 beam width control, 298 E-field distribution, 296 maximum realized gain versus frequency, 297 mutual coupling, 294 simulated return loss, 292, 293 six layer cylindrical, 293 structure, 292 planar end-fire PLPDA, 287 three PLPDA feeds 2D radiation pattern, azimuth plane, 292 simulated return loss, 291 structure, 290 M Magnetic metamaterials, 19 Metal-plate monopole antenna, 12

4 326 Metamaterial-inspired antenna coplanar fed waveguide, 82 design, dual band application, 82 gain, 84 outcomes, 84 yoz plane and xoz plane, 86 Metamaterials, ESA, artificial material, 74 constitutive parameter extraction, 75 CRLH-TL Resonator, Drude Lorentz model, 74 inspired antenna (see Metamaterial-inspired antenna) physical properties, Microstrip feeding, 13, 104, 120, 284 Microstrip line, 104, 108 Microstrip patch antenna, 232, 233, 268, array (see Hemispherical dielectric lens) configuration, 267, 316 dielectric lens (see Integraged lens antenna) optimized and impedance bandwidth, 268 radiation patterns, 269 radiation efficiency and gain, 318 rectangular, 317 requirements, 315 resonant frequency, 317 return loss, 317 short-distance wireless communication, 317 short-range wireless communications, 317 size, 316 simulated gain, 270 simulated return loss, 269 THz wireless communication, 316 variation of width, 319 Millimeter-wave, 267 dielectric lens, 267 elements, wireless communication system, 265 initial design properties, 265 MPA (see Microstrip patch antenna (MPA)) transmitting and receiving systems, 265 reconfigurable antennas, 265 MIMO antenna, 56, 163, 171 analyse, 207 compact volume, 207 concept, requirements and challenges, 18, 19 decoupling techniques, design of, 17 technology, 17, 18 wireless communications, 17 mm-wave antenna 3G and 4G standard handsets and terminals, 25 5th Generation mobile network, 25 microstrip antenna, 25 mobile communication systems, 25 requirements, challenges and solutions, technology and operation, 26, 27 wireless communication, 25 Mobile handsets, 215 antenna concept, 213 antenna configuration, 222 antenna radiation, 213 balanced antenna design, 214 DCS, PCS and UMTS bands, 227 FLA (see Folded loop antenna (FLA)) folded dipole, wideband design, folded dipole, wideband dual-arm design, in free space and handheld cases, 214 GSM1800/GSM1900/UMTS bands, 222 internal antennas, 213 LTE bands, 228 measurement validation, SAR value, 214 single system, 227 stable antenna performance, 228 symmetrical balanced-fed loop, 214 wideband dual-arm design, 225, 226 wide bandwidth planar balun design, Mobile stakeholders, 4 Monopole wideband antenna, 136, , bowtie type, 77 continuous tuning discrete tuning, 144 frequency reconfigurable antenna, 143 switching mechanism, 143 Varactor Diode, 143 varactors, 143 covering mobile and UWB applications, 138 created reject bands, 137 defected ground structure (DGS), 136 design structure and procedure, configuration and geometry, 139 FR4 dielectric substrate, 139 methods, 140 rejected band, 141 unloaded (see Unloaded printed monopole antenna)

5 327 geometry, 153 ground plane size capacitance values, 145 DGS, 145 effect of, 145 feeding position, 145 VSWR, 146 HFSS simulation, 77 multimedia communications, 135 parametric studies, 144 planar monopole antennas, 136 PMA (see Printed monopole antenna (PMA)) printed, 120 requirements, 153 simulation and measurement, SRR, 77 structure, 135 technologies, 135 tuning methods, rejected bands (see Rejected bands) UMTS, 137 unit cell design, UWB systems, varactor position, 145 WiMAX IEEE bands, 138 WLAN band, 138 Moon shaped antenna coplanar waveguide fed type, 90 design, EBG, 90 Multi-band antenna, 3, 5, 30 concept, requirements and techniques, 5 7 heterogeneous systems, 4 mobile communication system, 4 mobile systems, 4 Multilayer cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (MCDRA), 104 Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) diversity and correlation coefficient, full-scale multi-polarisation, 190 technology of, 191 UWB MIMO antenna, , 180, 182 UWB systems, 175 Mutual coupling antenna elements, 192 description, 53 dual-/triple-band MIMO antennas, MIMO system, 53 narrow band MIMO antennas, 192, 193 spaced antennas, 54, 57 values of, 61 wide band MIMO antennas, 193, 194 N Narrow band MIMO antennas, 192, 193 O 50-Ohm microstrip line, 121 Orthogonal structure, UWB MIMO antenna, 177 P Parametric study antenna height h, 236 folded ends of antenna t, 237 ground plane size, length of antenna b, sensitive, 236 Perfect electric conductor (PEC), 162 PIFA monopole antenna, 13 Planar inverted F-L antenna (PIFLA), 40 42, 46, 47, 50, 51 Planar inverted-f antenna (PIFA), 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 20, 23, 28, 40 Planar log periodic dipole antenna (PLPDA), , 296, automotive radar applications, 301 fabrication and measurements co-pol radiation pattern, element PLPDA array and Luneburg lens, 299 foam material, 298 gain, center feed, 302 parameter values, six layerluneberg lens, 298 prototype, 299 radiation pattern, feeds, 302 return loss, 300 steps, GHz operation design parameters, 285 2D radiation pattern, element array, 284 LPDA, SIW, triangular transition and microstrip feed, 284 return loss and gain, 286 short-range automotive radar applications, 284 SIW, 284, 285 Luneburg lens (see Luneburg lens) measurement, impedance band width, 301 Printed antennas, 54 Printed log periodic antenna (PLPDA), 299

6 328 Printed monopole antenna (PMA) broad bandwidth, 136 low group delay deviation, 136 radiator, 136 shapes and geometries, 136 Proposed antenna, , 240 Proposed UC-EBG, 161 Q Quarter volume of cylindrical DRA (QVCDRA), 103 R Radiation efficiency shorting pin, Radiation pattern, and power gain of antenna, simulated envelope correlation coefficient, 186, 187, 189 Radio engineering, 4 Reconfigurable antenna challenges, 265 design and development, 266 radiation patterns, 266 techniques, 265 Rectangular planar monopole, 13 Reflection coefficient S 22, Rejected band advantages, 143 communication architectures, 143 reconfigurable notched band antennas, 143 UWB systems, 143 Return loss radiation efficiency, 319 microstrip patch antenna, 317 RF MEMS switches, 6 S Shielded balanced loop, 232 Sierpinski carpet fractal patterned cylindrical, 103 Slot-fed DRA, 103 Specific absorption rate (SAR), 3, 23, 214 Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feed line, 29 T TDD LTE applications, 5 TD-SCDMA applications, 5 Telecommunication technology, 3 Terahertz (THz) communications, , 315, 316 antenna electromagnetic spectrum, 315 Microstrip (see Microstrip patch antenna) personal, 315 photoconductive, 316 photomixer, 316 wireless, 315 biosensors, characterizes, 305 definition, 320 electromagnetic spectrum, 306 electromagnetic waves, 305 electron-volt (ev), 306 imaging, 308, 309 photon energy, 306 Rayleigh scattering, 305 sensors asymmetric double split-ring resonator, 310 biosensor, 313 electric field and wave vector direction, 310 layer sensing, 310 metamaterial, 309 planar metamaterials, 313 resonance frequency after loading of sample, 311 three-dimensional (3D) structures, T-wave technology, 309 visualization, 310 size, 320 spectroscopy, 307, 308 THz-TDS system, 308 T-waves, 320 TM01δ mode and TE01δ mode, 102, 104 Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), 164 Tri-band MIMO antennae, 56 U Ultra-Wideband Antenna (UWB), , 136, 137 Ansoft HFSS V.14 software, 104 applications, 119 bandwidth, and broadband characteristics, 102 communications, 119 CPW and microstrip line, 120 design and concept, DGS configurations, 102

7 329 dual band-notch characteristics, 120 dual notched band analysis, half hexagonal slot, 128 hexagonal slots, 128 proposed antenna, 128 ground plan, 123, 124 microstrip feeding, 120 microwave field, 102 military and radar applications, 101 millimeter wave applications, 102 monopole antenna design, 120, 131 physical dimensions, 122 proposed antenna, 121, 131 single band-notched design, single notched band, WLAN 5.2 GHz, 120 Uniplanar compact EBG (UC-EBG) structure, 160 Universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), 6 11, 14, 15, 137 Unloaded printed monopole antenna inner and outer chorded crescent shapes, 142 operating frequencies, 141 PCB, 142 varactor, 141, 143 Un-slotted antenna, 126 UWB array antenna antenna geometry and configuration, commercial marketplace, 174 current distributions, 188 design and bandwidth requirements, digital mobile phone technology, 173, 174 exotic research, 174 experimental tests, 190 feeding considerations, locations x_via, 181 MIMO diversity and correlation coefficient, 188, 189 MIMO systems, 174 Moore s law, 173 omnidirectional radiation properties, 190 orthogonal configuration of elements, orthogonal structure, 177 parasitic patch size, 179 patch spacing distance d3, 181 physical implementation, polarisation discrimination, 174 in practical applications, 175 radiation patterns, return loss and impedance bandwidth, 183, 184 S 11 and S 22 Smith charts, 180 spatial discrimination approach, 189 substrate height h3, 180 V Validation, Varactor diode, 137, 138, 141, 143 Vector network analyzer (VNA), 65 W Whip, 3 Whole mm-wave spectrum, 26 Wide band MIMO antennas, 193, 194 Wideband antenna, 7, 12, 30 broadband antennas, 7 join mobile services and UWB services, mobile applications, 7, 8 mobile market, 7 modern mobile handset industry, 7 techniques, 8 10 ultra-wideband antenna, 10, 11 UWB antenna, 12, Wi-Fi/WiMAX applications, 56 WLAN bands, 14, 77, 78, 82, 86, 90, 92, 137 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), 6, 21, 71, 77, 78, 92, 124, 137