A Compact Band-selective Filter and Antenna for UWB Application
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1 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO. 7, A Compact Band-selective Filter and Antenna for UWB Application Yohan Jang, Hoon Park, Sangwook Jung, and Jaehoon Choi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul , Republic of Korea Abstract A novel compact CPW ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna combined with a compact band-selective filter is proposed. The proposed antenna without filter satisfies the return loss requirement of less than 1 db over the frequency range of 3. GHz to 1.1 GHz. The optimized antenna has dimensions of 1 16 mm on a Teflon substrate (ε r = 3.48) with good radiation characteristics and is easy to fabricate. The proposed antenna with filter has the frequency band of 3 GHz to 11 GHz for VSWR less than. with a rejection band around 5. to 5.9 GHz. DOI: 1.59/PIERS INTRODUCTION Since the recent approval of UWB radio system, many researchers have extensively investigated on the modern indoor wireless communication system with high data transmission rate such as sensors, radar, and tracking applications. For the reliable use of these communication services, the design of UWB devices such as antennas, filters, and LNAs is required. Various types of UWB antennas operating from 3.1 GHz to 1.6 GHz have been studied [1 3]. However, due to the coexistence of the UWB frequency band with Wireless LAN and Hiper LAN service band from 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz, UWB radio signal can be interfered with those services. Also, the effect of unwanted noise increases Noise Figure (NF) of the entire receiving system and can cause performance degradation. In this letter, novel compact CPW ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna using notches and stubs combined with a compact band-selective filter is proposed. To enhance impedance bandwidth, notches and stubs at the rectangular radiation patch were used. To realize pseudo-highpass filter transmission response over UWB frequency band, the distributed highpass filter scheme is used. The narrow bandstop function is achieved using coupled resonators. To miniaturize the total filter size, the shape of resonators was modified to have small dimension. Three attenuation poles for the filter can be tuned by controlling the length of resonators to have narrow rejection band around Wireless LAN and Hiper LAN service band.. COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE-FED UWB ANTENNA DESIGN AND ANALYSIS In UWB application, the antenna operates from 3.1 GHz to 1.6 GHz. Figure 1 shows the proposed antenna for UWB application. The proposed antenna structure consists of a main rectangular radiation patch with notches and stubs at side corners of the patch. They are printed on an notch stub main patch Figure 1: The proposed antenna.
2 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO. 7, RO435b substrate with thickness of.76 mm and relative permittivity of The thickness of copper coating on the top side of the substrate is approximately.175 mm. A 5 Ω CPW feed line, having a metal strip width W f = 4 mm and a gap distance G =.8 mm, is used to excite the proposed antenna. The dimensions of rectangular patch are optimized to have resonant frequency at 3.7 GHz. By optimizing parameters of L, W, and T 1 affecting the length and width of stub and notch attached to the rectangular radiation patch, improved impedance bandwidth performance can be achieved for the proposed antenna. That is largely due to the fact that the two stubs and two notches affect the reactive coupling between the rectangular patch and the ground plane and input impedance of main patch. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers from 3. GHz to 1.1 GHz for the return loss of less than 1 db. The final design parameters are as follows: W 1 = 1 mm, W = 1 mm, L 1 = 16 mm, L = 8.5 mm, T 1 = mm, G =.3 mm, W f = 4 mm, and S = 1 mm. 3. FILTER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Figure shows the geometry and equivalent models of the proposed filter. This filter can be divided into a conventional highpass and a bandstop filter. To realize band-selective characteristic within UWB frequency band, two filters are integrated on both sides of the 5-ohm microstrip line and design parameters are adjusted to obtain superior frequency response throughout the operating frequency band. The filter is printed on 3-mil Rogers RO435 substrate with dielectric constant (ε r ) of (a) (b) Figure : (a) Geometry of the proposed filter, (b) Equivalent transmission line model of the highpass filter. All simulations are carried out by using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) [4]. To design highpass filter for wideband application up to 1.6 GHz, the mixed lumped/distributed (L/D) highpass filter scheme is chosen [5]. The filter consists of a cascade of three shunt shortcircuited stubs of electrical length of θ c at the cutoff frequency f c, separated by connecting lines of electrical length of θ c. The transfer function and filtering function can be described by the following equations [6]. S 1 (θ) 1 = 1 + ε FN (1) (θ), (1 + ( ) 1 x x c)t n 1 x c (1 ( ) 1 x x c)t n 3 x c F N (θ) = cos ( π, () θ) where ε is the passband ripple constant, θ is the electrical length, and T n (x) is the Chebyshev function of the first kind of degree n. The associated characteristic line impedance for the given terminating impedance Z are determined by Z i = Z /y i. (3) Z i,i+1 = Z /y i,i+1. (4) The calculated characteristic impedances for line elements are Z 1 = Z 3 = 8.7 ohms, Z = 58.5 ohms, and Z 1, = 49.1 ohms. To realize the extremely wide passband, the line width is modified using full-wave EM simulation and determined to have much better performance throughout UWB frequency band. The initially calculated electrical length (θ c ) of each filter is 4.68.
3 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO. 7, A three-pole Chebyshev lowpass prototype with a passband ripple of.1 db is selected to design narrowband bandstop filter as introduced in [5]. For simplicity, the line width of the meandered resonators is fixed at.5 mm because the impedance of the resonators does not significantly affect the stop-band characteristic. The separation between the resonators is a quarter-guide wavelength (λ g /4) at the center frequency of 5.49 GHz and resonator length is approximately a half-guide wavelength (λ g /). The designed filter has the maximum attenuation of 49. db at 5.65 GHz with three resonators and the 3-dB rejection bandwidth from 5.9 GHz to 5.85 GHz. Design parameters of the final filter are summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Parameters of the designed band-selective filter [Unit: mm]. Parameters Values Parameters Values W H1. L R1 5.6 W H.4 L R 5.46 W H. L R L H1 7.5 L RV 1 L H 7 L RP 5.76 L H3 7.5 G.1 W R.5 W F RESULTS Figure 3 shows the proposed antenna combined with a compact band-selective filter for UWB application. y L R z x L RV G W R notch L1 stub connector L R3 L H L RP L R 1 W1 T1 W L S 5O CPW LINE W F Via hole to ground L H3 W H L H1 W H 3 W H1 Figure 3: The proposed antenna combined with a compact band-selective filter. -5 Return Loss, db antenna with filter antenna without filter Frequency, GHz Figure 4: Measured return loss of the antenna with and without filter.
4 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO. 7, The measured return loss characteristic of proposed antenna is shown in Figure 4. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna reaches 9.1 GHz ( GHz) for the return loss of less than 1 db, which is enough to cover the entire UWB system. By using the filter, the frequency stop band is created while maintaining the wide bandwidth performance. Figures 5(a) to 5(c) show measured radiation patterns, including E-and H-planes and co-and cross polariza tions at 3.5, 5, and 9 GHz. Good omni-directional performance at lower frequency band with a cross-polarization level of less than 15 db are assumed E-plane H-plane E-plane H-plane E-plane H-plane 3 (a) (b) (c) Figure 5: Measured radiation patterns of E- and H-planes and co-and cross-polarizations at (a) 3.5 GHz, (b) 5 GHz, and (c) 9 GHz. ( : co-pol, * : x-pol) Figure 6 illustrates the measured antenna gains of the designed antenna. From the results illustrated above, one can conclude that the suggested antenna system can be readily utilized for UWB application. 4 Gain Frequency, GHz Figure 6: Measured antenna gain. 5. CONCLUSION A novel and compact CPW-fed UWB antenna with a microstrip band-selective filter is proposed. To obtain the wideband characteristic for UWB frequency band, notches and stubs are utilized. Combining an UWB antenna with a filter having notch-function, the antenna with ultra-wideband performance over UWB band and band-rejection characteristic over WLAN band are obtained. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by HY-SDR Research Center at Han-yang University, Seoul, Korea, under the ITRC Program of IITA, Korea. REFERENCES 1. Ammann, M. J. and Z. N. Chen, A wide-band shorted planar monopole with bevel, IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 4, 91 93, April 3.. Chung, K., T. Yun, and J. Choi, Wideband CPW-fed monopole antenna with parasitic elements and slots, Electronic Letters, Vol. 4, No. 17, August Suh, S. Y., W. L. Stutzman, and W. A. Davis, A new ultrawideband printed monopole antenna: the Planar Inverted Cone Antenna (PICA), IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 5, No. 5, May Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), Ver. 9., Ansoft Corporation.
5 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO. 7, Levy, R., A new class of distributed prototype filters with applications to mixed lumped/distributed component design, IEEE Trans., Vol. MTT-18, , December Hong, J. S. and M. J. Lancaster, Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, Wiley, New York, 1.
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