EFM electronics for music. EFM 4600 Series. Febuary 2007

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1 EFM 4600 Series Febuary 2007

2 500 series 544 High stability, high scale saw tri pulse sine VCO 4600 series 4602 /- 2V Regulated Power Supply 464 Low Parts count, high quality VCO 462 OB Sem Type 2P LP/HP/BP/Notch VCF 4622 Moog Taurus Type 4P LP VCF 4626 EMS Diode Ladder Type 4P LP VCF 4627 Arp 2600 Type 4P LP VCF 4628 Korg MS20 Type 2P LP/BP/HP VCF 4622 Korg Delta Type 4P LP/BP VCF

3 Introduction: EFM PC boards are easy to get parts for and assemble. I use the minimum amount of parts to get the job done well. There are many ways to describe this kind of attitude. I like to call it economical and efficient. If you are new to building modular synthesizers I've tried to make it as easy on you as I could. All of my current pc boards are second or third generation. Mad Mouse VCO4a SEQ BassAce VCF2 RXCV RXCV Pro MidiGate SBM 900 Series Mad Mouse Pro 2400 unreleased TomCat WildCat The 2400 series remains unrelease.

4 efm 544 VCO 544 VCO voltage controlled oscillator Ua,b and U2 from a linear voltage to exponential current sink. The voltage divider R28, R29 and U6b form a constant votage referance. As current flows from the referance to the sink C4 starts to charge. When the voltage at the output of buffer (Ua) reaches the threshold level of the comparator (U4b) it turns on. This turns Q2 on and resets C4 then the cycle begins again. This oscillation forms a sawtooth waveform on the output of buffer (Ub) Freq Fine Saw Pulse The sawtooth waveform is applied to the base of Q. Q is a phase splitter and Ua combines the signals to form a triangle waveform. The sawtooth waveform is also applied to the non-inverting input of comparator U4a. U4a is biased through R28 so that it turns on as soon as the voltage starts to rise at the output of Ua. The output of U4a is a variable pulse waveform A voltage applied to U4a's inverting input changes the duty cycle altering the pulse width. The Sine output is formed by clipping and shaping the triangle wave with D,D2 and U6a. PW Tri Sine An external input on the gate of the synchronisation transistor (Q) resets C4 regardless of whether U4b is on. Oscillation occurs in sync with the controlling oscillator. Pitch Pitch FM Sync Saw Tri An FM input causes the oscillator phase (or center frequency) to change with the signal amplitude or Phase Modulates the exponential converter. P Bend PWM Pulse Sine VCO EFM Synthesizers

5 efm 544 VCO J J2 J J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 Sync Link V/Oct Freq P Fine P2 FM PWM R6 R R2 R R4 R5 0K R6 2M2 R 470K R4 R28 R29 T2 Scale 2 R0 R7 Ua 6 5 T Init R 470K U6b R9 22K R 22K R4 K TC T HS Q R7 M 0 C4.0uF R8 4 6 Q2 C5 00pF 4 R5 4K7 R6 2K2 Ub R27 2K2 R0 M U2 LM C 00pF C 0.uF Ub U4b R2 M R R R4 22K R2 R2 Q R22 R7 9K C8 0uF R24 R25 C6 470pF 2 R2 60K * R26 R9 K Ua U4a R40 U6a R4a 2K2 C7 00pF 7 R44 K R4b R42 22K R4 K P4 P5 P6 P7 J9 J0 J J2 PW R5 R9 R20 K C2 0.uF P Parts List R,2,,4,7,4,5 R4,5 7 R5 0K R6 2.2M R8, 470K 2 R9, 22K 2 R0,8,9,22,2 R24,25,26,28,29 R,2,,6,40 R4b 6 R2,7,0 M R4 Not Used R5 4.7K R6,27,4a 2.2K R20,9,4,44 K 4 R2 60K (K 27K) R7 9K R8,42 22K 2 TC K Tempco C,2 0.uF 2 C,5,7 00pF C4.0uF C6 470pF C8 0uF D,2 N448 2 Q,2 J2 2 Q 2N904 U,,6 LF5 (TLO72) U2 LM046 U4 LM9 U5 Not Used T,2 Trimmer 2 T Trimmer P,2,,4,5,6,7 Pot 7 J-2 /8th Jack 2

6 efm 544 VCO C8 0uF Sine Trim Not Used R4A and R4b A B Correct tempco resistor installation inside the socket under U2.

7 efm 544 VCO Ground Saw out Saw Freq R5 Freq -V V Pulse Fine R6 Fine R42 SQ out R44 Tri out R6 PW Tri PW R5 PW R4 Sine out Sine Sync In R FM Tri Saw Sync FM Pitch Pitch R Pitch R2 Pitch Sine Pulse PWM PWM Mod R4 Mod R P Bend R4 PWM

8 efm 4602 Power Supply Power Supply The 4602 power supply is adjustable from /- 2.5VDC to /- 8VDC at about 2 amps, with proper heat sinking. EFM kits are designed for /- 2VCD operation. The 4602 uses the LM7 and LM77 voltage regulators. The kit contains separate snap-on T0-220 heat sinks but for the best heat transfer use a larger piece of aluminum and heat transfer compound. Power Note: The regulator cases are not at the same potential and mica insulators must be used if they are mounted on the same heatsink. This supply will easily power small synthesizers. For large modulars we recommend the use of the excellent PowerOne(TM) regulated power supplies. This is a updated version of the 2402 power supply. It is electronically identical only the I/O pins were replaced with locking headers. Ther 2402 version is shown here PWR EFM Synthesizers

9 efm 4602 Power Supply D5 R2 20 AC S Transformer 2A D4 D D2 D C 000 uf C2 000 uf T 5 K T2 5 K D6 D8 C5 0uF C 0uF C4 0uF C6 0uF V -V R 20 D7 Adj. In Adj. Out Small Parts R Not Used R2, 20 ohm/4w % resistor 2 T,2 5K 0T trimmer 2 C,2 000uF 5V electrolytic 2 C,4,5,6 0uF 5V electrolytic 4 D-8 N400 Diode 8 U LM7 U2 LM7 Out LM7 LM7 In LM7 LM7 Rare Parts S - SPST Switch L Bracket w/hardware 2 Panel Overlay Adj. Out In Adj. In Out Transformer (Not Supplied) XFM - 24VAC 2A transformer

10 efm 4602 Power Supply

11 efm 464 VCO 466 VCO and VCA: Features Pitch VCO Fine Low cost Low parts count /- 2 to5vdc operation. Standard Frac-Rack Panel Level Control on all outputs Tri Sine This OTA core VCO is based on the National Simiconductor application notes. It has one one-volt per octive input, sync and three control voltage inputs for modulation. Square Init VCA Level The outputs are very nice. Featuring native triangle and square outputs. The sine output is derived from the tri using a system 00 style tri to sine converter. Pitch CV CV2 CV In Out There is a classic OTA VCA also on this board just because it's always nice to have lots of VCAs around. Sync Square Tri Sine CV For the most stable operation replace R with a K tempco resistor, replace Q and 2 with a pnp pair and wrap all three pieces with heat shrink tubing for good thermal contact VCO EFM Synthesizers I don't have time to go further into it in this document but this board can be configured as a VCO with a sine output and VCA as shown or with a few fairly easy mods you can... Convert the sine out to a saw. Convert VCO to VCA for dual VCA VCLFO with mod VCA

12 efm 464 VCO A R 22K V/Oct Input B R2 T R22 22K CV Inputs C D R R4 E R5 Jump R8 220K Q Q2 D D R2 K J Freq Fine 0K 2M2 F R6 R R2 R K R7 K 4 R9 5 R20 22K R0 M 7 8 C.0 R4 R9 2 R5 K R6 R2 2K2 R7 22K R8 H G Sync In K R24 R25 K 4 6 R26 K R28 K R29 R0 K I Level Out CV CV Link M L R R2 Q R27 C 0.uF C2 0.uF Init C4.0 Parts List R 22K R2,,4,6,8,24,,2 9 R5 Jumper R7 K Tempco R8 220K R9,,2,4,6,27,29 7 R0 M R,2,25,26,0 K 6 R5.K R7,20,22 22K R9 R2 2.2K R28 K C,2 0.uF 2 C 0.0uF C4 0.05uF D,2 N448 2 Q,2, 2N906 U LM600 U2 LF5(TLO72) T Trimmer P-7 7 J-2 - /8" Mini Jacks 2 Extra istors for 0K VCO/VCA 2.2M

13 efm 464 VCO Ground V Fine Pitch 0K 2M2 E J Sine Tri H G Init Square M I B Level C D Out In CV CV2 CV Pitch A F CV CV Sine Tri Square Sync K L

14 efm 462 VCF Voltage Controlled Filter: Mulit-mode filter featuring simultainious hi-pass, bandpass, low-pass and notch outputs. The 462 is based on the Oberheim SEM filter. Cutoff HP This incarnation of the VCF is a little different than past versions. Usually this type of filter runs right up to the edge of self oscillation and hangs right there. This version goes over the edge and self oscillates. BP LP Features Low cost Low parts count /- 2 to5vdc operation. Standard Frac-Rack Panel Level Control on all outputs Mode Signal In HP Notch LP CV BP Notch VCF EFM Synthesizers

15 efm 462 VCF Inputs K L M N R R2 R R6 2 R4 R5 U TLO7 6 R7 R8 K R9 K 4 R25 U2 LM600 C 220pF R R K R2 K 4 R26 6 C4 220pF R4 Mode R5 K R6 K R7 K E F L HP BP LP H A B R8 R9 R0 R24 Q Q2 Notch C D R20 R2 R22 R2 K Q,2 2N906 C 0.uF C2 0.uF Parts List R,2,,4,5,6,7,,8,9,20,2,24 R6 R8,9,2,,5,6,7,9,2 K 9 R0,4,25,24,26,25,26 7 R22 47K C,2 0.0uF 2 C,4 220pF 2 U TLO7 U2 LM600 Q,2 2N906 2 P-P7 7 J-J2 /8 Mini Jacks 2

16 efm 462 VCF Ground V HP Cutoff D E BP N H LP F L Notch Mode K LP HP Signal In L M Notch BP CV A B C

17 efm 4622 VCF The 4622 is a Moog Tauras type 4 pole low pass voltage controlled filter. This is the no compromise version. The stuff huge bass is make with. Cutoff Features Low cost Low parts count /- 2 to5vdc operation. Standard Frac-Rack Panel Level Control on all outputs Level Inputs CV CV2 Output VCF EFM Synthesizers

18 efm 4622 VCF R9 00R R0 2K C5 0uF R K 0 7 Q C6 C7 Q2 4 U2 /2 LM600 R4 470K R5 C0 0uF P Level Output R2 K Q C8 Q4 Q-6 2M904 Inputs R R2 C 0uF R K 2 Q5 C9 5 Q6 C6-9 0.uF U LM046 R8 00R 4 P2 Q7 2N904 C 0uF R R4 K R5 K R6 K R7 R6 K CV R8 R24 Q8 2N906 4 R25 K 6 5 R7 2.2K C4 0uF P Cutoff R9 R20 R2 R22 K R2 4.7K Parts List R,2,,8,9,20 6 R4,5,6,,2,,22,25 K 8 R7,0 2.2K 2 R8,9 00 R4 470K R5,2 2 R6 K R7 47K R2 R C,2,6,7,8,9 0.uF 6 C,4,5,0, 0uF 5 Q,2,,4,5,6,9 2N904 7 Q8 2N906 U LM046 U2 LM600 P, 2 P2 J-2 /8 Jack 2

19 efm 4622 VCF Ground D Cutoff V E I J Level B C F Output CV2 CV Inputs G H

20 efm 4626 VCF 4626 VCF voltage controlled filter The 2426 vcf is a classic EMS type diode ladder with OTA differencing amp. Cutoff Voltage applied to summing transistor Q is applied to the exponential transistor Q4. Q4 and R9 form a emitter follower providing exponential transistor base to emitter voltage compensation for changes due to temperature variations. The voltage applied to the base of the exponential-transistor causes a exponential collector current sink that's applied to the diode ladder through R20. The transistor pair Q-2 splits the current supplied to R20 into equal parts when there is no audio on the base of Q. When audio is present, both left and right sides of the ladder are modulated inversely. As current flow increases the impedance of the ladder is decreased providing a higher cutoff frequency by way of the effective impedance and C4-C7. Output In In 2 In CV CV2 Out This inverse modulation on the ladder causes a push-pull voltage to develop at the top of the ladder. These voltages are applied to differencing and level shifting amplifier Ua and then to resonance amplifier Ub. The resonance signal must be dynamically coupled through C9 because the bias levels between the ladder and vca are different. CV VCF EFM Synthesizers

21 efm 4626 VCF R8 to GND looks suspicious at least. Rather try k to V instead. D-D2 N448 U LM600 4 C 0.uF Ua 7 8 C0 0uF I C4 0.uF C2 0.uF 5 C5 0.uF J6 R9 R8 470K C6 0.uF R A J B R2 C R C7 0.uF C 0uF Q R0 R7 Q2 C9 0uF Ub J2 6 R5 K R4 K R9 J R5 E R6 K Q4 R6 4 R 220 R24 Q5 R2 M Q P4 RES J4 F R2 47K C8 220uF R20 K R4 D R R8 K G H R2 220K R22 220K J5 R7 P CUTOFF T INIT Small Parts C,2 C,9,0 C4-7 C8 R,2,,4,5,6,7 R4,5,6,9 R7,,20 R8 R9, R0,2 R8 U Q,2,4,6 Q Q5.uF Ceramic 0uF Ceramic 0.uF Mono 220uF Ele K 2.2K 470K 47K CA080 2N904 2N89 2N Full Parts P- J-2 Knob L Bracket w/hardware Header Panel Overlay /8 Mini Jacks 0 2

22 efm 4626 VCF Ground V Cutoff F G I Output Out CV2 CV In In 2 In E D C B A CV H

23 efm 4627 VCF The 4627 is a Arp 2600 type 4 pole low pass voltage controlled filter. Cutoff Features Low cost Low parts count /- 2 to5vdc operation. Standard Frac-Rack Panel Level Control on output Level In In 2 In CV CV 2 Output VCF EFM Synthesizers

24 efm 4627 VCF Inputs B C R R2 R6 47K R5 C7 0.uF A D C 0.uF C2 0.uF R R4 220 Q Q-Q2 2N906 R Q2 R R7 220 R 4 R5 R9 R2 R24 R27 470pF 470pF 470pF 470pF C C4 C5 C6 Ua Ub Uc Ud Q Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q0 9 P2 onance 0 R28 2 R0 R29 U2a H Output R8 R2 R4 R7 R8 R22 R2 R R0 R6 R20 R25 K K K K E R2 R7 47K U LM900 7 U2 LF5 U2b R9 6 5 R8 CV F R Q Q2 CV2 G R4 R5 47K R6 K P Cutoff T Init Parts List R,2,,28,2,,4, 7 R4,7,8,2,4,7,8,22,2,26 220R 0 R5 R6,5,7 47K R9,,,5,9,2,24,27,29,0,9 R0,6,20,25,6 K 5 C,2,7 0.uF C,4,5,6 470pF 4 Q-0 2N906 0 U LM900 U2 LF5

25 efm 4627 VCF Ground G V Cutoff A H Level The silkscreen for Q and Q2 is reversed Output CV 2 CV In In 2 In F E C B A Correct Installation

26 efm 4628 VCF 4648 VCF voltage controlled filter The 4628 is based in the korg MS20 filters. Ua and Ub are identical integrators connected in series. The gain of these amplifiers determine the center frequency of the filter. The gain is set by bias current supplied by constant current source Q and Q2. The ratio of currents through these two transistors is a rough exponential function of the voltage difference between the bases. Current supplied from Q2 is reasonably constant and repeatable. Band and lowpass outputs are all available at the same time. Cutoff LP BP LP In LP In 2 LP In CV CV 2 LP Out HP In BP In BP Out VCF EFM Synthesizers

27 efm 4628 VCF BP Input I K R2 R7 K G HP Input D R R7 R R4 47 BP BP Out LP Inputs CV E F C 0.uF C2 0.uF A R2 R R R22 R5 220 U C 220pF R6 R8 R9 R0 220 R27 R 220 U LM600 4 U R2 C4 220pF R5 6 R20 U2 D D2 D 2 R6 K R8 2K2 U2 TLO7 H J LP RES LP Out B R2 Q Q2 D4 D5 D6 C R24 R9 4K7 CUTOFF R25 R26 K Small Kit C,C2 0.uF Ceramic 2 C,C4 220pF Ceramic 2 R,2,,4,5,6,7,8, 9,2,,5,20,2,27 5 R4,5,,2 220 ohm 4 R4 47 ohm R6,7,26 K R8 2K2 R9 4K7 R22,2,24 R25 P,P2 Pot 2 D-6 N448 6 Q,Q2 2N906 2 U LM600 U2 LF5 (TLO72) Parts Kit P-5 4 J-2 /8 Mini Jacks Knob 4 L Bracket w/hardware 2 Header Panel Overlay

28 efm 4628 VCF GROUND C V GROUND Cutoff J R0 H G LP LP Out CV 2 BP CV LP In LP In 2 LP In B A F E D BP Out BP In HP In U PIN 4 K I

29 efm 4622 VCF The 4622 is a Korg Delta type 4 pole low pass voltage controlled filter. Selectable HP, BP. Cutoff Features Low cost Low parts count /- 2 to5vdc operation. Standard Frac-Rack Panel Level Control on output LP Level BP In In 2 In CV CV 2 Output VCF EFM Synthesizers

30 efm 4622 VCF R9 R R4 R6 R9 R2 R24 C8 0uF L R7 K 4 R8 K U2a U2b Ua Ub 4 4 C4 C5 C6.00 R R5.00 R20 6 R2 K R K R7 K R8 K R22 K R2 K C R6 D D2 D K R5 E F R R2 C 0uF 2 Ua U2-U LM600 H D LP BP D4 D5 D6 7 R28 Ub 6 5 R26 75K R27 I R25 G C R R29 R4 J U LF5 R4 Q Q2 C 0.uF C2 0.uF B A R0 R2 R R K Q-Q2 2N906 Parts List C,2, 0. 2 C 0/6 C4,5,6, C8 47/5 R,2,4,5,6,9,,4,6,9, 2,24,27,28, 29,0,2 22K 8 R0,5,20,25,4 5 R R7,8,2,,7,8,22,2, K 9 R26 K P,2 D-6 N94 6 Q-2 2N906 2 U LF5 (TLO72) U2, LM600 /8 PHONE

31 efm 4622 VCF Ground A Cutoff V I K L LP J Level H D BP B C G F Output CV 2 CV In In 2 In E