MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC MOTOR DRIVE. Dept of EEE, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore

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1 Volume 118 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC MOTOR DRIVE R.Chandrasekaran 1, N.Sabarinathan 2, A.Tamilselvan 3, S.Gopinathan 4, S.Parthipan 5 1 Assistant Professor, 2,3,4,5 Students, Dept of EEE, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore Abstract: The objective of this paper is to explore the design and analysis of the Proportional Integral- Derivative (PID) controller for DC Motor drive using PIC microcontroller. The DC drive system performs the speed control for any desired speed within range. The design of closed loop speed control system is simulated in Matlab / Simulink and results were compared with The tuned PID controller for speed control system is tested for transient region, line changes, load changes, steady state region. for both static and dynamic specifications and dynamic performance of the system is validated 2. Motor Control All motors have three wires coming out of them. Out of which two will be used for Supply (positive and negative) and one will be used for the signal that is to be sent from the MCU. Keywords: Automatic control, DC motor, PIC Microcontroller, MPLAB IDE Software, PIC kit3. 1. Introduction A DC motor is a machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Although ac motors are used in most of the cases, DC motors have many applications and used for multi-purpose applications. They consist of permanent magnets and loops of wire inside. When current is applied, the wire loops generate a magnetic field, which reacts against the outside field of the static magnets. The interaction of the fields produces the movement of the shaft/armature. The dc motor ratings are conditions of voltage, current, speed, and power at which the motor is normally operated. The principal rating is known as the continuous rating, which is the rating described on the nameplate of a motor. The continuous power rating is a thermal rating. At this power, the motor can be operated for long periods of time without a largerise in temperature and beyond the limits of the conductor insulating material, bearings and other components, which are greatly affected by temperature. The speed rating of a DC motor is often given on the nameplate. Figure 1. Block Diagram of Speed control by DC motor using PIC microcontroller Dc motor is controlled by PWM (Pulse with Modulation) which is provided by the control wires. There is a minimum pulse, a maximum pulse and a repetition rate. Dc motor works on PWM (Pulse width modulation) principle means its angle of rotation is controlled by the duration of applied pulse to its Control PIN. High speed force of DC motor is converted into torque by Gears. We know that WORK= FORCE X DISTANCE in DC motor. This closed loop control for a DC motor to run at the exactly entered speed system works on the principle of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control. When this time is changed then 1909

2 output voltages are changed and by changing this output voltages DC motor speed is changed. 3. H-Bridge Converter When the motor is directly connected to the o/p of the above ICs then, they might damaged. To overcome this problem, a motor control circuit is required, which can act as a bridge between the above motors and ICs (integrated circuits). There are various ways of making H-bridge motor control circuit such as using transistor, relays and using L293D/L DC Motor Parameter Table 1. DC motor Parameters PARAMETERS RANGE Nominal Voltage 12V No load current 50mA Nominal torque 5Kg-cm Load current 300mA Total Length 46mm 46mm Motor Length 25mm 25mm Motor Dia 36mm Shaft diameter 6mm 36mm 6mm Max. efficiency 79% 5. Hardware Implementation Figure 2. H-Bridge Circuit The L298N H-bridge IC that can control the speed and direction of two DC motors, or control one bipolar stepper motor with ease. The L298N H-bridge module can be used with motors that have a voltage of between 5 and 35V DC. With the module used in this tutorial, there is also an onboard 5V regulator, so if your supply voltage is up to 12V you can also source 5V from the board. A H bridge is an electronic circuit that allows a voltage to be applied across a load in any direction. H- bridge circuits are frequently used in robotics and many other applications to allow DC motors to run forward & backward. These motor control circuits are mostly used in different converters like DC-DC, DC-AC, AC-AC converters and many other types of power electronic converters Figure 3. H-BRIDGE Circuit Diagram Table 1. Operation of H-Bridge Board S1 S2 S3 S4 Operation Motor moves right Motor moves left Motor free runs Motor brakes Motor brakes Short power supply Short power supply Short power supply Figure 4. Hardware setup for DC Drive 1910

3 6. Results S.NO Set Speed Actual Speed % Error Table 2. Closed loop Performance 7. Conclusion In this paper, a microcontroller based DC motor control system designed to achive the requied speed for various applications. TVoltage is varied by pulse width modulation (PWM) of input DC voltage. To drive the DC motor, a four channel monolithic integrated driver circuit with diode clamps was used. PCB of the control circuit was been designed and the whole system is implemented on it. Test results are presented in tabular form and it shows very good agreement with the expected output References [1] Bates M,"Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers Embedded Design by Interactive Simulation", Elsevier, ISBN-13: , [2] Chiasson J, Nonlinear Differential-Geometric Techniques for Control of a Series DC Motor, IEEE Transaction Control Systems Technology.vol 2, p , [3] Faizy A and Sh. Kumar," DC Motor Control Using Chopper", MSc. thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India, Figure 5. % Error Vs set Speed Speed Fig.5 Shows the relation between % error Vs set speed, it is clearly observed the performance of the drive system well in high speed regions, for low speed regions it gives moderate performance. [4] Gopal K. Dubey, Fundamentals of Electric Drives, Narosa Publishing House New Delhi, [5] Gyorgy Gyorok, Margit Mako, and Jozsef Lakner, " Sensorless D.C. Motor Control with Predictive Sensig Method", Alba Regia University Center, Obuda University ebulletin, Vol. 1, No. 1, [6] Hsiung S and A. Dean, "The Design and Implementation of Multiple Processors in Control of Multiple High Power DC Motors", Dept. of Engineering Technology, Old Dominion University, 2006, IJME INTERTECH. [7] In System Programming (ISP) for microchip, Figure 6. Set Speed Vs Actual Speed Fig.6 shows the closed loop performance of the drive system. The controller tracks the set speed and system follow the command with minimum error [8] Kamal Viswanath S, M. Gowtham, P. Ashok Kumar and K. Rohit Naik " Speed Control of a DC Motor Using Microcontroller 8051", a project report, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institutes of Engineering and Technology, January [9] Khoei A Kh.Hadidi, Microprocessor Based Closed- Loop Speed Control System for DC Motor 1911

4 Using Power MOSFET, 3rd IEEE International conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (1996). [10] Kumara MKSC, Dayananda PRD, Gunatillaka MDPR, Jayawickrama SS, PC based speed controlling of a Dc motor, A fmal year report University of Moratuwa Illiniaus USA, [11] LabJack U3 User s Guide (-LV & -HV), (Hardware Revision 1.30) Revision 1.07 September 18th, 2008, LabJack Corporation. [12] Nicolai J and T Castagnet, A Flexible Micro controller Based Chopper Driving a Permanent Magnet DC Motor, The European Power Electronics Application [13] Payal P.Raval and Prof.C.R.mehta, "Modeling, Simulation and Implementation of Speed Control of DC Motor Using PIC 16F877A", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced [14] R.Chandrasekaran, K. Suganya, M. Selvamani Prabaharan Analysis of PID Controller with Auto Tuning In Digitally Controlled Boost Converter International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 2, Issue 5, May [15] M.Kaliamoorthy, A.Sakthivel, R.Chandrasekaran Techniques to Compensate Stator Resistance variations at Low Frequency for Sensor less Induction Motor Drives International Journal of Advanced and Innovative Research ( ) / # 178 / Volume 4 Issue 9. [16] R. Chandrasekaran T. Rammohan and V. Padma Modelling and Analysis of Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drives in Electric Vehicles IJCTA, 9(28), 2016, pp [17] S.V.Manikanthan and D.Sugandhi Interference Alignment Techniques For Mimo Multicell Based On Relay Interference Broadcast Channel International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: Volume-7, Issue 1 MARCH [18] T. Padmapriya and V. Saminadan, Inter-cell Load Balancing technique for multi-class traffic in MIMO-LTE-A Networks, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Data Communication (IJEEDC), ISSN: , vol.3, no.8, pp , Aug

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