System 295 Powermeter & Harmonic Analyzer

Transcription

1 System 295 Powermeter & Harmonic Analyzer Installation and Operation Manual BG0130 Rev. A2

2 SYSTEM 295 POWERMETER & HARMONIC ANALYZER Installation & Operation Manual

3 LIMITED WARRANTY The manufacturer offers the customer an 24-month functional warranty on the instrument for faulty workmanship or parts from date of dispatch from the distributor. In all cases, this warranty is valid for 36 months from the date of production. This warranty is on a return to factory basis. The manufacturer does not accept liability for any damage caused by instrument malfunction. The manufacturer accepts no responsibility for the suitability of the instrument to the application for which it was purchased. Failure to install, setup or operate the instrument according to the instructions herein will void the warranty. Your instrument may be opened only by a duly authorized representative of the manufacturer. The unit should only be opened in a fully anti-static environment. Failure to do so may damage the electronic components and will void the warranty. NOTE The greatest care has been taken to manufacture and calibrate your instrument. However, these instructions do not cover all possible contingencies that may arise during installation, operation or maintenance, and all details and variations of this equipment are not covered by these instructions. For additional information regarding installation, operation or maintenance of this instrument, contact the manufacturer or your local representative or distributor. IMPORTANT Please read instructions contained in this manual before performing installation, and take note of the following precautions: 1. Ensure that all incoming AC power and other power sources are turned OFF before performing any work on the instrument. Failure to do so may result in serious or even fatal injury and/or equipment damage. 2. Before connecting the instrument to the power source, check the labels on the side of the instrument to ensure that your instrument is equipped with the appropriate power supply voltage, input voltages, currents, analog output and communication protocol for your application. 3. Under no circumstances should the instrument be connected to a power source if it is damaged. 4. To prevent potential fire or shock hazard, do not expose the instrument to rain or moisture. 2 Introduction

4 5. The secondary of an external current transformer must never be allowed to be open circuit when the primary is energized. An open circuit can cause high voltages, possibly resulting in equipment damage, fire and even serious or fatal injury. Ensure that the current transformer wiring is made through shorting switches and is secured using an external strain relief to reduce mechanical strain on the screw terminals, if necessary. 6. Setup procedures must be performed only by qualified personnel familiar with the instrument and its associated electrical equipment. 7. DO NOT attempt to open the instrument under any circumstances. Modbus is a trademark of Modicon, Inc. Read through this manual thoroughly before connecting the meter to the current carrying circuits. During operation of the meter, hazardous voltages are present on input terminals. Failure to observe precautions can result in serious or even fatal injury or damage to equipment. BG0130 Rev. A2 Introduction 3

5 About This Manual Chapter 1, Introduction, includes a description of the PM295 basic features. Chapter 2, Installation, provides instructions for mounting, installing and interfacing the PM295. Chapter 3, Operating the PM295, contains an overview of the PM295 measurement and operation techniques. Chapter 4, Operation Techniques, provides instructions on the manual operation of the PM295. Chapter 5 describes Communications Operation. Chapter 6 provides Technical Specifications of the PM295. Appendices Appendix A specifies all of the display formats available for operational mode and shows the corresponding front panel displays. Appendix B lists the instrument programmable parameters that can be accessed either through the front panel or communications. Appendix C provides a sample of setpoint programming form. Appendices D, E and F contain cable drawings for computer, printer and modem communications connections. Related Manuals This operating manual contains information required for installation and operation of the PM295. Information concerning the serial communications protocols is found in the documents: "System 295 Powermeter and Harmonic Analyzer - ASCII Communications Protocol - User's Guide" and "System 295 Powermeter and Harmonic Analyzer - Modbus Communications Protocol - User's Guide" shipped with your PM295 on diskette in Microsoft Word document format. 4 Introduction

6 Table of Contents 1. Introduction About The PM Instrument Features Summary Measurement Capabilities Installation Initial Inspection Mechanical Installation Input/Output Terminals Power Source Connection Voltage Input Connections V Input V Input Current Input Connections Harmonic Measurement Connections Wiring Configurations Auxiliary Current Input Connections Analog Output Connections Relay Output Connections Discrete Input Connections Communications Operating The PM Instrument Turn On Operational Mode Front Panel Operation Selecting a Display Page Display Formats Programming Mode Front Panel Operation General Operations Menu Map Entering/Quitting Programming Mode Entering the Password Selecting the Setup Group Basic Setup Serial Port Setup Discrete Input Setup Counter Setup Analog Output Setup Analog Expander Setup Pulsing Relay Setup Event/Alarm Setpoints Timer Setup...51 Introduction 1

7 Real Time Clock Setup Date Format Setup Reset Functions Password Protection Control Self-Test Diagnostics Operation Techniques Sampling Technique Measurement Modes Real-time RMS Measurements Averaging Minimum/Maximum Logging Demand Measurements Demand Readings Block Interval Demand Sliding Window Demand Thermal Demand Accumulated and Predicted Demands Demand Interval Measurement Resetting the Demands Demand Interval Pulse Energy Measurements Measurement Modes Resetting the Energies Energy Pulsing Harmonic Measurements Measurement Technique Harmonic Parameters Real-time Waveform Capture Auxiliary Measurements Voltage and Current Unbalance Calculated Neutral Current Auxiliary Current Input Operation Frequency Measurements Phase Rotation Phase Angles Time-Of-Use System TOU System Operation TOU System Registers TOU Calendars Daily Profiles Connecting with Energy-counting Meters Tariff Interval Pulse Discrete Input Operation Relay Output Operation Analog Output Operation Analog Expander Operation Counter Operation Timer Operation Introduction

8 4.14 User Programmable Events On-Board Data Recording Event Logging Data Logging High-speed Waveform Logging High-resolution Waveform Logging Monitoring And Recording Disturbances Disturbance Analysis Monitoring Disturbances Recording Disturbances Setpoint Operation General Setpoint Programming Triggering Conditions Delaying Setpoint Operations Setpoint Actions Special Considerations Setpoint Programming Techniques Update Rates And Response Time Communications Operation General Eia Interface Standards EIA RS-232 Standard EIA RS-422 and EIA RS-485 Standards Configuring The Communications Port Communications Mode Interface Communication Address Baud Rate Data Format Handshaking DTR/RTS Control Line Configuring the Printer Parameters Response Time Print Mode Technical Specifications Appendix A Display Formats Appendix B Programmable Parameters Appendix C Setpoint Programming Form Appendix D Cable Drawings - Computer Connection Appendix E Cable Drawings - Serial Printer Connection Appendix F Cable Drawings - Modem Connection INDEX Introduction 3

9 1. Introduction 1.1 About The PM295 The PM295 is an advanced microprocessor-based digital instrument that incorporates the capabilities of the network analyzer, data recorder and programmable controller allowing for user network monitoring, analysis and control. The instrument provides three-phase measurements of electrical quantities in power distribution systems, monitoring external events, operating external equipment via relay contacts, fast and long-term on-board recording of measured quantities and events, harmonic network analysis and disturbance recording. The PM295 can communicate with PLCs and PC based workstations via serial communications and directly by transducing analog and discrete signals, serving as excellent partner in power network management. All measurement functions of the PM295 are remotely programmable via the communications port. The accompanying PAS295 software package provides easy remote programming for the instrument, data acquisition, analysis and on-screen presentation. 1.2 Instrument Features Summary Processing Block CPU - microcontroller 80C196KC20 with a 20 MHz oscillator Extended nonvolatile RAM with battery backup for data recording - 512K byte module On-board real-time clock A I0-bit A/D converter Power supervisory circuit External watch-dog Analog Inputs 3 isolated voltage inputs VAC/120 VAC options 3 isolated current inputs - 1A or 5A secondary options 1 isolated auxiliary current input for ground leakage/neutral current measurements - 5 ma/1a/5a secondary options (upon order) Introduction 1

10 Discrete Inputs 8 programmable optically isolated digital inputs free programmable for sensing external contacts status and pulses. Applications: - monitoring external dry contacts - sensing an external synchronization pulse for demand interval measurements - counting external pulses - connecting with external energy-counting meters - triggering setpoints from external alarm/event sources - selecting output values for internal multiplexed analog output Analog Outputs one internal multiplexed scalable free-programmable optically isolated current output /4-20 ma (upon order). Provides time-sharing output for up to 16 analog parameters that can be controlled externally by a combination of binary signals on the instrument's discrete inputs (from 1 to 4 inputs can be operated) extension for up to 14 analog outputs is available using external analog expanders (up to 2 units per instrument) Discrete Outputs 4 digital free-programmable relay outputs (dry contact) Applications: - alarm activations - load control - energy pulsing - time reference pulses for synchronization demand and tariff calculations Timers 4 programmable a 1 sec resolution timers for repeated setpoint operations and data recording Counters 8 programmable large-scale counters with scalable input for counting input pulses and various internal events User Programmable Events 8 programmable flags for asserting user-definable events, allowing manual control and expansion of setpoint operations 2 Introduction

11 Setpoints 16 programmable setpoints for monitoring various events: - up to 4 triggering conditions for each setpoint combined by OR/AND logical operations - up to 4 actions for each setpoint on setpoint operation - programmable hysteresis (dead-band) for analog triggers - programmable delay for setpoint operation/release each setpoint can be combined with other setpoints if extended number of conditions or actions needed any measured or sensed quantity/status/pulse/event can be used as a trigger condition for setpoint operation voltage disturbance and phase rotation monitoring are available for triggering setpoint operations setpoint actions available: - operating relay output - increment/decrement/clear counter - assert/clear user programmable event - reset total accumulating energy registers - reset extreme demand registers - reset TOU system accumulating energy registers - reset TOU system demand registers - clear all counters - clear Min/Max log registers - event logging on setpoint operation - data logging in selected data log partition - high-speed waveform logging for disturbance analysis - high-resolution waveform logging for harmonic analysis each setpoint can be programmed to be operated manually via communications by overriding present conditions or by gating setpoint operations in addition to other setpoint conditions (for example when event/data recording is needed for a user-defined time interval) each setpoint can be programmed to allow the setpoint operations to be recorded in the event log on any setpoint transition - operate, release or either transition On-board Data Recording 19 free-programmable extended memory partitions for recording events, measured data, and captured waveforms: - one event logging partition for recording various events and setpoint operations, providing storage for up to events with a 512K memory module (assuming the entire memory allocated for the partition) Introduction 3

12 - 16 programmable data logging partitions, each for recording from 1 to 16 user programmable parameters per record, providing total storage for up to 114,688 parameters with a 512K memory module (assuming the entire memory allocated for data logging) - one partition for high-speed waveform recording (32 samples x 16 cycles x 6 inputs per record) for disturbance analysis, and one partition for high-resolution waveform recording (128 samples x 4 cycles x 6 inputs per record) for harmonic analysis, each providing storage for up to 19, 40, or 82 records with a 512K memory module (assuming the entire memory allocated for the partition) each memory partition can be sized to store desired number of records, from 1 record and up to the entire memory size, using an arbitrary combination of partitions each memory partition can be programmed to store the oldest records without overwriting previously recorded data when a partition is filled up, or to wrap around by writing new records over the oldest records so that stored records will always contain the most recent data Time-of-Use System 8 programmable accumulating energy registers for 16 tariffs, each configurable for counting kwh/kvarh/kvah or pulses from up to 8 external energy-counting meters 3 programmable demand registers for 16 tariffs, configurable for recording extreme (minimum and maximum) demands using varying calculation techniques: block interval/sliding window/thermal demand 16 daily profiles (types of days) with up to 8 tariff changes per day 2-year calendar Communications one programmable optically isolated serial port - RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 embedded options with a user-selectable baud rate of 110 to BPS Display multi-page display composed of 11 windows with high-brightness sevensegment digital LEDs. A total of 55 display pages are available Keypad four membrane long-life push-buttons for page scrolling and programming Power Supply V AC, V DC options 4 Introduction

13 1.3 Measurement Capabilities Table 1-1 lists quantities and signals measured, calculated and sensed by the PM295. Measurement readings can be accessed via the front panel and communications. These readings can also be transferred through internal analog and relay outputs, and used as triggers for alarm/event setpoint operations. Ranges and full scale values for measurement parameters are summarized in technical specifications (see Chapter 6). Chapter 3 describes measurement functions and modes of measuring input values. Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals Parameter Per phase Measurements Measurement Mode Sliding average Demand Min/ Max Display Realtime Communications Usage/output Analog output Pulse Data logging Voltage (L-N/L-L) Current kw ` kvar ` kva ` Power factor (signed) ` Voltage THD Current THD K-Factor Three-phase total measurements Total kw Total kvar Total kva Total power factor signed Total power factor lag Trigger setpoint Introduction 5

14 Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals Measurement Mode Usage/output Parameter Realtime Sliding average Demand Min/ Max Display Communications Analog output Pulse Data logging Trigger setpoint Total power factor lead Auxiliary measurements Auxiliary current (ground leakage/neutral current) Neutral current (calculated) Frequency Voltage unbalance Current unbalance Low values on any phase Low voltage (L-N/L-L) Low current Low kw ` Low kvar ` Low kva ` Low power factor lag ` Low power factor lead ` Low voltage THD Low current THD Low K-Factor High values on any phase High voltage (L-N/L-L) High current High kw ` High kvar ` 6 Introduction

15 Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals Measurement Mode Usage/output Parameter Realtime average Max nications output logging setpoint Sliding Demand Min/ Display Commu- Analog Pulse Data Trigger High kva ` High power factor lag ` High power factor lead ` High voltage THD High current THD High K-Factor Demands Volt demand per phase ˆ Ampere demand per phase ˆ Total kw demand (block interval, ˆ sliding window, thermal) Total kvar demand (block interval, ˆ sliding window, thermal) Total kva demand (block interval, ˆ sliding window, thermal) Predicted demands Total kw demand (accumulated, sliding window) Total kvar demand (accumulated, sliding window) Total kva demand (accumulated, sliding window) Total energies kwh (import, export, net, total) Introduction 7

16 Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals Measurement Mode Usage/output Parameter Realtime Sliding average Demand Min/ Max Display Communications Analog output Pulse Data logging kvarh (import, export, net, total) kvah (total) Per phase harmonic measurements Voltage harmonics (1-40), % Current harmonics (1-40), % Harmonic voltages (for odd harmonics 1-39) Harmonic currents (for odd harmonics 1-39) Three-phase total harmonic measurements Harmonic total kw (for odd harmonics 1-39) Harmonic total kvar (for odd harmonics 1-39) Harmonic total power factors (for odd harmonics 1-39) TOU energy registers 8 registers for 16 tariffs, free programmable for counting kwh/kvarh/kvah or pulses from external energy-counting meters TOU demand registers 3 registers ( kw/kvar/kva demands) for 16 tariffs, free programmable for registration block interval/sliding window/ thermal Min/Max demands v Trigger setpoint 8 Introduction

17 Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed Signals Parameter TOU system parameters Measurement Mode Sliding average Demand Min/ Max Display Realtime Communications Usage/output Analog output Pulse Data logging Active tariff Active profile Pulse counters 8 large scale counters for counting external pulses or internal events Discrete inputs 8 discrete inputs, free configurable for sensing external contacts or pulses Timers 4 timers with 1 sec resolution Internal events kwh pulse (import/export/total) kvarh pulse (import/export/total) kvah pulse Start demand interval Start tariff interval Time/date parameters Year, month, day of month, day of week, hour, minute, second Special measurements Trigger setpoint Voltage disturbance Phase rotation Phase angles per phase Introduction 9

18 NOTES For all applications/outputs, the voltage parameters can represent line-to-neutral or line-to-line voltages depending on the wiring configuration selected in the Powermeter. (4Ln3/3Ln3 = line-to-neutral voltages; all other configurations = line-to-line voltages). In 3-wire connection schemes, the individual phase values for power factor, active power, apparent power and reactive power will be zero, because they have no meaning. Only total three-phase power values can be used. fi In all grounded connections using either 4Ln3 or 4LL3 wiring configuration s, harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutral voltages. In a 3-wire direct connection, harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutral voltages that arise on the Powermeter's input transformers. In a 3-wire open delta connection, harmonic voltages will comprise L12 and L23 line-to-line voltages. fl Display readings are the maximum demands over entire time of survey. Measurements can be made via 16 programmable Min/Max registers. 10 Introduction

19 2. Installation 2.1 Initial Inspection Upon receipt, the instrument should be free of damage and in perfect order. To confirm this, first inspect the instrument for physical damage incurred in transit. If the instrument is damaged, inform your local distributor immediately. Only after you have determined that the instrument is damage-free, test the electrical performance. 2.2 Mechanical Installation Location The instrument should be mounted away from heat sources in a dirt-free environment. The instrument should not be operated in direct sunlight nor should it come into contact with oil or moisture. Although designed to operate in an electrically noisy environment, the instrument should not be placed near very high electric fields. It must be placed at least one-half meter (1.64 feet) from current lines carrying up to 600 amperes. For currents greater than 600A and up to 2,000A, this distance must be at least 1 meter (3.28 feet). In the event that the instrument is mounted in a harsh, noisy environment with high potential for electromagnetic impulses from heavy switch gears, motors or lightning, it is recommended to install appropriate protective devices such as lightening and over-voltage arresters to all incoming voltage inputs. Mounting The PM295 is designed to be panel mounted. The dimensions of the cutout necessary both for front (standard) and rear panel mountingare shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2. For either front or rear mounting, the instrument is positioned through the cutout, and the bracket(s) are then screwed to the back of the instrument as shown in the figures. For front mounting, the four thrust screws are tightened against the panel to affix the instrument in place. Installation 11

20 Figure 2-1 Front Mounting (standard) 12 Installation

21 Step 1 Connect the bracket to the instrument Step 2 Mount the O-ring on the instrument Step 3 Figure 2-2 Rear Mounting Installation 13

22 2.3 Input/Output Terminals Connections to the PM295 are made via terminals located on the back of the instrument as shown in Figure 2-3 and detailed in Figure 2-4. Figure 2-3 Location of Terminal Strips and Communications Connector Figure 2-4 Connection Terminal #1 14 Installation

23 2.4 Power Source Connection The instrument can be operated from any single phase AC powersource supplying VAC 50/60 Hz, or from DC power supply VDC. Power supply options are available upon order. For the power source wiring, see Figure 2-4. If an AC power supply is used, the live line of the control power should be connected to terminal 1 and the neutral to terminal 3. If a DC power supply is used, the positive supply wire should be connected to terminal 1 and the negative wire to terminal 3. The ground lug must be connected to the ground. 2.5 Voltage Input Connections V Input Direct Connection For some power systems, the 660V input option allows the user to use direct connection without applying potential transformers (PT). This will depend on the power system configuration and on the system voltage level. In the case of systems with line-to-line voltage up to 660V, direct connection may be used for 4-wire and 3-wire systems. Wiring diagrams for these are provided in Figures 2.5, 2.8, and 2.9. To ensure accurate readings, the measured voltage between terminals 2-11, 5-11 and 8-11 should not exceed RMS value 550 VAC and amplitude value 900V. NOTE When direct connection without potential transformers is used, set the PT RATIO in the instrument to 1. Using Potential Transformers For high voltage applications (above 660V line-to-line voltage) potential transformers (PT) must be used to scale down the input voltage to rated input scale of the instrument. The instrument is intended to be wired via potential transformers with secondary line-to-line voltage up to 120V + 20%. The instrument supports 3- wire open delta systems and 4-wire Wye systems. Wiring diagrams for these are provided in Figures 2-6, 2-7, 2-10 and Installation 15

24 NOTE When using potential transformers, the input voltage scale is defined in the instrument by the PT RATIO parameter, which is the relation of the PT primary rated voltage to the secondary rated voltage. For example, using a PT with the ratings of 165 kv : 110 V, the PT RATIO would be 165,000/110 = The PT RATIO must be specified correctly for the instrument to provide accurate voltage readings V Input The instrument with the 120V input option is intended to be wired via potential transformers with secondary line-to-line voltage up to 120V +20%. To ensure accurate readings, the measured voltage between terminals 2-11, 5-11 and 8-11 should not exceed RMS value 144 VAC and amplitude value 226V. 2.6 Current Input Connections The PM295 is designed to measure phase currents via external current transformers (CTs) with either 1 A or 5 A secondaries. The current input ratings are factory installed. All current inputs are galvanically isolated using internal current transformers. Using 3-wire connections, only two current transformers are required. It is also possible to use three current transformers (see Figure 2-7). If necessary, the return side of the current transformers (terminals3, 6 and 9) may be grounded. To ensure accurate readings, the input current should not exceed: for the 1A secondaries - RMS value 1.2A and amplitude value 1.76A, and for the 5A secondaries - RMS value 6A and amplitude value 8.8A. At least one of the L1 or L3 phase voltages must be connected to provide correct measurements of the current. The CTs must be connected in the correct order and with the correct polarity as shown in the wiring diagrams for the instrument to operate properly. If the instrument displays a power factor of zero or close to it, or if power readings show unreasonable values, the polarity of the CT connections might be reversed. For the line current inputsoverload, see technical specifications in Chapter 6. NOTE The phase current input scale is defined in the instrument by the CT PRIMARY CURRENT parameter. It is equal to the primary rating of the current transformer. 16 Installation

25 2.7 Harmonic Measurement Connections Harmonic measurements can be made only on signals that are present on the instrument inputs. In some of the 3-wire configurations, there may be one of inputs missing, so the user might not get the appropriate readings. 4-wire Configurations In 4-wire configurations, no special considerations are necessary. All harmonic quantities will be measured correctly. In the '4Ln3', '4LL3', '3Ln3' or '3LL3' wiring modes, harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutral voltages. In '3Ln3' or '3LL3' wiring modes, harmonic voltage will be measured only for two phases and the total power harmonics will be calculated inaccurately. 3-wire Direct Connection In a 3-wire Direct Connection, harmonicvoltages will represent the three phase lineto-neutral voltages that appear on the instrument input transformers. If the system load is not symmetrical, the voltage readings will have no meaning. In the case of the symmetrical load, harmonic voltages will not reflect all the multiples of order 3 harmonic. Using 2 CTs, harmonic currents will be measured only for two phases and the total power harmonics will be calculated inaccurately. 3-wire Open Delta Connection Readings for harmonic voltages will represent two line-to-line voltages L12 and L23. Current harmonics will be taken using 2 or 3 CTs, according to the wiring configuration. Total harmonic powers will be measured properly using two input line-to-line voltages and two currents. Installation 17

26 2.8 Wiring Configurations The WIRING MODE must be set in the instrument in accordance with the wiring configuration. The wrong wiring mode may result in incorrect readings. There are seven possible wiring configurations: No. Wiring Configuration Wiring Mode 1 3-wire direct connection using 2 CTs (2-element) 3DIR 2 3-wire open delta connection using 2 PTs, 2 CTs (2-element) 3OP2 3 3-wire open delta connection using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½element) 3OP3 4 4-wire WYE direct connection using 3 CTs (3-element) 4Ln3 or 4LL3 5 4-wire delta direct connection using 3 CTs (3-element) 4Ln3 or 4LL3 6 4-wire WYE connection using 3 PTs, 3 CTs (3 element) 4Ln3 or 4LL3 7 4-wire WYE connection using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element) 3Ln3 or 3LL3 In 4-wire configurations, '4Ln3' or '3Ln3' wiring modes represent line-to-neutral voltage readings; '4LL3' or '3LL3' wiring modes represent line-to-line voltages. For 3-wire configurations, voltage readings will always represent line-to-line voltages. These do not affect readings for harmonic voltages (see Section 2.7). 18 Installation

27 1) Three Wire Direct Connection Using 2 CTs (2-element) This connection can be applied to systems with line-to-line voltage up to 660V. The three line voltages are taken at terminals2, 5 and 8 as shown in Figure 2-5. Figure wire Direct Connection Using 2 CTs (2-element) WIRING MODE 3DIR Readings represent line-to-line voltages. The two line currents are monitored via two CTs. The third current is calculated based on the two measured currents. Installation 19

28 2) Three Wire Open Delta Connection Using 2 PTs, 2 CTs (2-element) This configuration, shown in Figure 2-6, can be used with either 660V or 120V input. Readings represent line-to-line voltages. The two line currents are measured via 2 CTs; the third current [LINE 2(B)] is calculated based on the two measured currents. The common taps of the PT secondaries are connected to terminal 11. Note the connection between terminals 5 and 11. Figure Wire Open Delta Connection Using 2 PTs, 2 CTs (2-element) WIRING MODE 3OP2 20 Installation

29 3) Three Wire Open Delta Connection Using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½element) This configuration, shown in Figure 2-7, can be used with either 660V or 120V input. Readings represent line-to-line voltages. All three line currents are measured. The common taps of the PT secondaries are connected to terminal 11. Note the connection between terminals 5 and 11. Figure Wire Open Delta Connection Using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element) WIRING MODE 3OP3 Installation 21

30 4) Four Wire Wye Direct Connection Using 3 CTs (3-element) The instrument takes the three line-to-neutral voltages and three line currents as shown in Figure 2-8. The system neutral is connected to terminal 11. Figure Wire Wye Direct Connection Using 3 CTs (3-element) WIRING MODE 4Ln3/4LL3 22 Installation

31 5) Four Wire Delta Direct Connection Using 3 CTs (3-element) The instrument senses the three line-to-neutral voltages and three line currents as shown in Figure 2-9. The system neutral is connected to terminal 11. Figure wire Delta Direct Connection Using 3 CTs (3-element) WIRING MODE 4Ln3/4LL3 Installation 23

32 6) Four Wire Wye Connection Using 3 PTs, 3 CTs (3-element) This configuration can be used with either 660V or 120V input. The instrument senses the three line-to-neutral voltages and three line currents as shown in Figure The common taps of the PT secondaries are connected to terminal 11. Figure wire Wye Connection Using 3 PTs, 3 CTs (3-element) WIRING MODE 4Ln3/4LL3 24 Installation

33 7) Four Wire Wye Connection Using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element) This configuration can be used with either 660V or 120V input. The instrument senses the 2 line-to-neutral voltages and 3 line currents as shown in Figure The common taps of the PT secondaries are connected to terminal 11. This configuration will provide accurate power measurements only if the voltages are balanced. Figure wire Wye Connection Using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element) WIRING MODE 3Ln3/3LL3 2.9 Auxiliary Current Input Connections The PM295 can be equipped with an auxiliary current input (optional). Figure 2-12 shows examples of the auxiliary current input connections. This input can be used for direct measurement of either ground leakage or the neutral current. The secondary rating of the CT connected to the auxiliary current input is either 1 A, 5 A, or 5 ma, as per your order. The CT PRIMARY CURRENT parameter for the auxiliary current input is set in the instrument independently of the phase current inputs. Installation 25

34 L1 (A) L1 (A) L2 (B) L3 (C) N K + - L LOAD L2 (B) L3 (C) N LOAD a) Neutral current b) Ground leakage current Figure 2-12 Auxiliary Current Input Connections 2.10 Analog Output Connections Figure 2-13 shows wiring for an analog output. The analog output is optically isolated and has an internal source +24 VDC to powerthe current loop. Analog output range is 0-20 or 4-20 ma, as per your order R L max 510 Ohm 15 - Figure 2-13 Analog Output Connections The permitted range for the current loop resistance is 0 to 510 Ω. In many industrial applications, it may be necessary to protect the output from accidental shorts to AC line voltages, in addition to high common-mode voltages. The circuit shown in Figure 2-14 can be used for this purpose C1 VR1 R L C1 = 0.1 mf/50v VR1 = 25 VRMS 15 - Figure 2-14 Protective Circuit For Analog Output 26 Installation

35 2.11 Relay Output Connections The PM295 is equipped with four electromechanical relays. Relays #1, #2, and #4 are two-contact Form A (SPST) relays, and relay #3 is a three-contact Form C (SPDT) relay. Relay #1 is a reed relay that is intended for a small load, for example, to output pulses. For the relay ratings, see technical specifications in Chapter 6. Figure 2-15 illustrates wiring connectionsfor the relays. All relays are normally de-energized. K K K K Relay Contact Protection Figure 2-15 Relay Output Connections When using relay outputs for switching lamp, capacitive or inductive circuits, some form of transient suppression may be necessary to keep the relay contacts within the voltage or current ratings. The following diagrams recommend some variants of protective circuits for relay outputs. V s LOAD V s LOAD Figure 2-16 Inductive load - Zener Diode Protection Figure 2-17 Inductive load - Diode Protection + V s LOAD - Figure 2-18 Inductive Load - Diode/resistor Protection Installation 27

36 2.12 Discrete Input Connections The PM295 provides eight optically isolated dry-contact sensing (voltage-free) discrete inputs. Figure 2-19 shows wiring for discrete inputs. PM295 1 kohm +5 V 0 V K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 COM Figure 2-19 Discrete Input Connections The dry contacts connected to discrete inputsmust be floating relative to the ground with a minimum rating of 5 VDC, 5 ma. It is also recommended to perform connections using a shielded, twisted pair cable that is isolated from noise sources Communications Connector Pinout The communications port is optically isolated and supports both EIA RS-232and RS-422/485 standard interfaces (user-selectable). The serial interface connector is standard D-type 9 pin female plug-in, located at the top center of the back of the instrument. Tables 2-1 and 2-2 list the pinout of the connector. NOTE The functions of pins 4 and 5 can be programmed via keypad upon the needs of the user. Refer to Section 5.3 on how to select the appropriate pin function. Table 2-1 RS-232 pinout Pin Name Function 1 0V Common 2 TXD Transmit Data 3 RXD Receive Data 4 DTR/RTS Data Terminal Ready/Request to Send 5 DSR/CTS Data Set Ready/Clear to Send 28 Installation

37 Table 2-2 RS-422/RS-485 pinout Pin Name Function 1 0V Common 6 TXD+ + Transmit Data 7 RXD+ + Receive Data 8 TXD - - Transmit Data 9 RXD - - Receive Data For RS-485 communications, connect together pins 6-7 (TXD+ and RXD+), and pins 8-9 (TXD- and RXD-). Receive/Transmit Indicators The PM295 has two LED indicators, showing activity on the serial port lines. They are located to the left of the communications connector. The left LED is connected to the receive line and flashes when the instrument is receiving data, and the right LED is connected to the transmit line and flashes when the instrument is transmitting data. Cable Connections For the cable drawings, refer to Appendices D, E and F. For RS-422/RS-485 balanced data transmission, a shielded, twisted pair cable should be used for each communication link. To minimize reflections and reduce cross talk, it is recommended to terminate the ends of lines with the termination resistor of Ω. For RS-232 connections, a flat cable can be used. The conductor size of the 2 wires shall be 24 AWG or larger with wire resistance not exceeding 30 Ω per 1000 feet per conductor. When lines are routed through an electrically noisy environment, input protection against switching or lightening induced surge voltages may be required in addition to line termination. Installation 29

38 3. Operating The PM Instrument Turn On Connect the PM295 to a suitable power source. When power is applied, the PM295 initiates a series of self tests. Upon completion of self tests, all the front panel LEDs light up for one second and indicate a one-digit diagnosticode. An 8 represents normal power up. If a different diagnostic code continually appears when you apply power to the instrument, contact your local distributor. For error codes, refer to Section 3.4. Upon power up, the PM295 assumes the operational mode. 3.2 Operational Mode Front Panel Operation Operational mode is the default mode of the instrument, in which measurement readings appear in the 11 windows on the front panel display. Various display formats can be selected using the front panel keypad. Figure 3-1 shows the front view of the instrument. Figure 3-1 PM295 Front View 30 Operating The PM295

39 The instrument keypad consists of four membrane long-life push-buttons allowing the user to perform all of the front panel functions. The following descriptions detail the keys and their functions in operational mode. UP ARROW t DOWN ARROW u SELECT ENTER Scrolls display pages forward Scrolls display pages backward Enters programming mode Toggles the display between main and subpage level When a key is pressed, it is entered into a key register, which may be polled through communications Selecting a Display Page The instrument provides a total of 55 displaypages, which can be accessed on the two display levels: six pages on the main level, and the remaining pages - on the sub-page level. The active page number is indicated on the display. It illuminates continuously when you are on the main level, and flashes when you enter the subpage level. At power up, the instrument always returns to the page that was last displayed. To scroll through pages on either level: Press the up arrow key to scroll forward. Press the down arrow key to scroll backward. To enter the subpage level: Press ENTER. To return to the main level: Press ENTER once more Display Formats Appendix A specifies all of the pages available for operational mode. Each page is listed with a corresponding front panel display. The display illustrations indicate the measurement data that can be viewed on a corresponding display page, and the abbreviated window labels and page numbers that appear on display exactly as indicated in illustrations. The measurement data is indicated using a plain style, and the window labels and page numbers are accented Operating The PM295 31

40 by a boldface. Sub-pages are referred to by the corresponding page number followed by the sub-page number. Table A-1 in Appendix A contains a cross reference to display pages and lists all parameters that can be accessed via the front panel display with their respective location and available resolution. 3.3 Programming Mode Front Panel Operation Programming mode allows the user to configure the instrument for a particular application, and to perform protected management functions such as the resetting of the data keeping registers and the setting of RTC. Password Protection Programming mode has various levels of authorization to provide safeguards against unauthorized changes in the instrument setup configuration: view level protected level superuser level- non-protected level: can view all setups and list configuration parameters. No changes allowed. No password needed. can view/modify setups and perform management functions (reset, RTC update) privileged level: all functions allowed at the protected level plus user protection override. This level is intended for service procedures, and is not normally accessed by the user. It is protected by the factory set superuser password. Entering the protected level is protected by the user password. The user can set password, and disable or enable password control. With password control disabled, the user enters the protected level without password checking. NOTE The instrument is shipped with password protection disabled. To restore password protection, the user should explicitly enable password control from the PASSWORD PROTECTION CONTROL menu (see below). When password protection is enabled, the instrument automatically prompts for the password when you attempt to access the protected level. Store your password in a safe place. If you do not provide the correct password, you will need to contact your local distributor for the superuser password to override password protection. 32 Operating The PM295

41 Menus Manual operation of the instrument in programming mode is performed through menus. The following sections in this chapter specify all of the menus available for the instrument programming via the front panel. Each PM295 menuis listed with a corresponding front panel display. Menus that require values to be input show the applicable range limits. A map illustrating the instrument menus is provided in Section Display in Programming Mode Menus normally appear in windows 4 through 6, where menuitems are indicated. Each window can represent one of three types of displaycontrols: static window button-window edit-window - a labeled window identifying the displayed menu. Static window may not be accessed with the front panel keys. - a labeled window allowing the user to perform an action, to enter or quit a menu. Button-window acts as labeled button and displays an abbreviated character label of the action or menu entry. - a window used in defining a parameter requiring a numeric or character input. Edit-window allows the user to select a predefined value from an associated list or enter a number for a numeric parameter. All of the key operations relate to the currently active window, which is accented by flashing. Keys in Programming Mode The following details the keys and their functions in programming mode: UP ARROW t DOWN ARROW u SELECT ENTER Scrolls values forward in the active window Scrolls values backward in the active window Scrolls through menu windows Accepts a value entered in the active window, or runs action indicated in the active window Operating The PM295 33

42 3.3.2 General Operations Selecting a Window An active window is selected by scrolling through menuwindows until the target window flashes. Pressing SELECT advances you to the next window. To select a desired window: Press SELECT until the window you want to activate flashes. Selecting and Entering Values The value in the active window is selected with the up/down arrow keys. When the window represents a list of menuentries or a list of parameters, the up/down arrow keys provide scrolling through a list of applicable options. When a window represents a numeric value, the up/down arrow keys provide adjustment of the number to the desired value. To scroll through a list of parameters or to adjust a number: Press the up arrow key to scroll values in the window forward. Press the down arrow key to scroll values in the window backward. To enter the selected value: When desired item or value appears in the window, press ENTER. If the value in the currently active window is selected correctly, after pressing ENTER, you will exit the window. If the window is still flashing, then the value is entered incorrectly or incompatible with other setup parameters. Check the value for applicable range and for compatibility with previously specified parameters. To leave the value in the window unchanged: Press SELECT to move to another window. Accelerating the Display Updates When you press and release the up or down arrow key, the numeric value currently displayed in the active window changes by incrementing or decrementing the right most digit. When you press and hold the key, the value changes at accelerated rate that will depend on the time while you hold the key pressed. For the first 5 seconds, the value is updated twice per second, and then the updating rate is accelerated up to eight times per second. Later on, every 5 seconds, the window position being updated is moved one digit left. 34 Operating The PM295

43 3.3.3 Menu Map Figure 3-2 shows a map illustrating the PM295 menus. Setup groups are accessed via 13 primary menus that are selected by main menu entries. For setup groups, a map shows the abbreviated labels of menu entries accented with boldface. Primary menus can have enclosed secondary menus and sub-menus. Menu dependent information is provided in this manual for each setup group individually. To enter the main menu, you should select an access mode that specifies an authorization level for setup operation. Entering the view level allows you to inspect all setups, but does not permit changes in setup configuration. To change setup parameters, you should enter the main menu at the protected level. If password protection is enabled, you will be prompted to enter a password Entering/Quitting Programming Mode To enter programming mode from operational mode: Press SELECT. The first menu you enter from operational mode provides a selection of the ACCESS LEVEL for setup operation. The menu has three entries indicated by labeled button-windows, as shown in the following illustration. The SEE entry lets you pass into the view level, allowing to inspect the present setup configuration. The CHG entry lets you pass into the protected level allowing the changing of programmable setups and the performing of management procedures. SEE CHG ESC To enter the view level: Press SELECT to choose the SEE window. Press ENTER. To enter the protected level: Press SELECT to choose the CHG window. Press ENTER. To quit programming mode and return to operational mode: Press SELECT to choose the ESC window. Press ENTER. Operating The PM295 35

44 basc BASIC SETUP Port SERIAL PORT SETUP dinp DISCRETE INPUT SETUP Cnt COUNTER SETUP Aout ANALOG OUTPUT SETUP AEPn ANALOG EXP. SETUP SELECT ACCESS LEVEL PASSWORD MAIN MENU PulS PULSING RELAY SETUP SEE CHG ESC PASS OOOO basc ESC SEtP ALARM/EVENT SETPOINTS t-r TIMER SETUP rtc RTC SETUP disp DATE FORMAT rst RESET/CLEAR AccS PROTECTION CONTROL Figure 3-2 Menu Map 36 Operating The PM295

45 3.3.5 Entering the Password The PASSWORD menu appears when you enter the programming mode at the protected level while password protection enabled. If you enter an incorrect password, you will return to the previous menu. The upper menu window is a static menu label. A password is entered into the second edit-window. A password is four digits long. Each digit in the password window can be selected individually. When you enter the PASSWORD menu, the first password digit is currently accessible. PASS 0000 To enter a password: Set the first digit with the up/down arrow keys. Press SELECT to advance to the next digit. Set the second digit with the up/down arrow keys. In the same manner, set the other passworddigits. Press ENTER Selecting the Setup Group The setup parameters are organized into 13 groups accessed via primary menus. The user enters a setup primary menufrom the MAIN menu shown below. The MAIN menu consists of two button-windows. The upper window displays a list of the primary menu entries. For the entire list of the setup menus and menu labels, refer to a map shown in Figure 3.2. The lower labeled button-window allows the user to return to the previous menu. basc ESC To quit the main menu: To select a setup group: Ensure that the upper window is currently active (it must flash). If it is not, press SELECT. Scroll through menu entries with the up/down arrow keys until the label of the desired setup group appears. Press ENTER. Press SELECT to choose the ESC window. Press ENTER. Operating The PM295 37

46 3.3.7 Basic Setup Select the basc entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER. Basic setup specifies the general operating characteristics of the instrument, such as wiring mode, input scales, the size of the RMS averaging buffer, etc. The BASIC SETUP menu uses three windows: the upper window is a menu label, the second window displays a list of the setup parameters, and the lower window is the editwindow allowing the user to view and change the indicated parameter. Table B-2 in Appendix B lists all basic parameters with the corresponding labels and applicable ranges. basc ConF 4L-L To select and view a setup parameter: Ensure that the central window is currently active (it must flash). If it s not, press SELECT. Scroll through parameters with the up/down arrow keys until the label of the desired parameter appears. The parameter value will be indicated in the lower window. When the parameter value exceeds the number of places in the window, the high order digits are expanded to the left window providing a resolution up to 7 digits. To change the setup parameter: Press SELECT to choose the lower window. Scroll through applicable values with the up/down arrow keys, until the desired value appears. Press ENTER to return to the central window. To leave the setup parameter unchanged: Press SELECT to return to the central window. To quit the menu: Ensure that the central window is currently active. If it is not, press SELECT. Press ENTER to return to the MAIN menu. NOTE The actual changes in the basic setup configuration will be made after you exit the protected level. The basic setup parameters are used as a reference for other setups. Therefore, exit the programming mode after changes are made to the basic setup configuration, before performing other setups. 38 Operating The PM295