PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BLDC MOTOR USING INTERLEAVED BOOST CONVERTER & INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE METHOD CUM SOLAR PV ARRAY

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1 Volume 118 No , ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BLDC MOTOR USING INTERLEAVED BOOST CONVERTER & INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE METHOD CUM SOLAR PV ARRAY T. Gowtham Raj*, S.K Saranya, K. Divya, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur , India. * Corresponding author id: gowthamr51@gmail.com ABSTRACT BLDC motor has been progressively replacing conventional DC drives in various applications such as electrical vehicles and industrial automation. The SPV array is designed such that the power at rated DC voltage is supplied to the BLDC motor under standard test condition and maximum switch utilization of interleaved boost converter is achieved which results in efficiency improvement of the converter. A Photovoltaic (PV ) array under uniform irradiance exhibits a current voltage characteristic with a unique point called the maximum power point (MPP) where the array produces maximum output power. The interleaved boost topology provides superior performance with low voltage and current stress and low individual component losses. The electronically commutated BLDC motor is used with a voltage source inverter (VSI) operated at fundamental frequency switching thus avoiding the high frequency switching losses resulting in a high efficiency of the system. Finally, in Matlab/Simulink environment, Performances of the proposed drive are simulated, which improved the efficiency and power factor. Keywords: solar pv (photo voltaic),mppt(maximum Power Point tracking),interleaved boost converter,bldc (Brushless DC Motor) INTRODUCTION Now-a-days the energy usage is very much integrating with our life, so the source have to be secured and the sustainable one [1], [2]. But one important thing is that, it must be inexpensive, socially acceptable and the eco friendly. The recent trends is that the energy consumption is tobe either secure or to be sustainable one. The usage of the fossil fuel is raised and its based upon cost also get raised together with increase in green house gas emission, threatens our secure energy supply [3]. In these century our first priority should make the clean, safe, sustainable and inexpensive energy sources to the world. 2137

2 The invention of combustion engine initiated to use the petroleum based products to fulfil our power demands. The use of energy plays a important role in one s life. Since the usage of energy had become more important in our life, its source and supply will be safe and sustainable. It should be economically, natural eco friendly & generally acceptable one. The recent trends in power consuming methods are not suitable and not sustainable. The increasing usage of fuel products from fossils and respective prices, it tends to increase in ozone layer depletion, lurks our energy demands. Therefore for the clean environment, safety, sustainable, renewable energy sources should be the main objective of our century. To get the maximum power the tracking is important in a PV array and it is vital part of a PV system. Now many Maximum power point techniques had been implemented and executed. The techniques had been vary in design, availability of sensors, cost, high speed, popularity, the length of effectiveness, hardware implementation on real time application and in other expects. The range of the panel should be the most resourceful. The number of methods had been implemented in that more methods are become tough to apply for getting maximum power, the proposed system will be is more suitable for the PV module [1]. The paper based on solar Photo Voltaic cell with MPPT has grown significantly of the last decades and remains strong. PROPOSED SYSTEM 1. SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC The Photo voltaic modules have the irregular current- voltage flow characteristics, and the maximum power (i.e the conducting point for the Photo Voltaic generation) will differ under a particular time period. The Solar Panel consist of number of cells and is basically a p-n junction semi conductor is fabricated in a thin wafer or in thin layer in can be designed [5][6]. By the photo voltaic effect the current (electricity) can be directly converted it from the solar radiation. The radiation occurs the electrons in silicon wafer or layer it can scattered in different places by changing the places of electrons (i.e the movement of electrons from one place to another the current can be produced) [7]. The electric field of the p-n junction is create the electric current and is directly proportional to the insolation. The Photo Voltaic system is normally will produce the different P-V and I-V characteristics because of the different temperature and climatic conditions will differ in regular interval. 2. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT) The maximum power will be get by the MPPT technique in that the hill climbing method is more useful and easy compare to the fuzzy logic and neural network. In that the more methods are used in the hill climbing method such as the constant current method, the perturb and observe method and the incremental conductance. The Perturb is nothing but the disturbance and observe is nothing but the observation by varying the voltage the changes have done in the PV panel that should be observed and make calculation and these algorithm involves a disturbance in the voltage and the duty ratio of the power will be recorded and 2138

3 calculated based upon the present value and previous value, so that we are getting the power. If we getting the power value we can make the PV curve and the IV curve and we can check the slope for the representing curve or the conducting region will be carried out and if the changes happen in D (duty ratio) it will affect the direction, so that the conducting region (maximum power point) will get clear PV characteristics. If the system oscillates the maximum power point also will get oscillate [8][9]. These oscillation can be reduced by controlling the step size of disturbance (i.e perturbation). Thus the small disturbance will shows the process of Maximum power point tracking technique, by using modified incremental conductance algorithm will reduce the drift size compared to the normal Perturb and the Observe algorithm because it will sense the power, voltage, current on every duty cycle. Fig.1 proposed block diagram Fig 2. Flowchart of Incremental Conductance algorithm 3.INTER LEAVED BOOST CONVERTER An Interleaved Boost converter is the parallel connection of 2 or more Boost converters [4], called the phases. Interleaved control In the case of conventional Boost converter, ripple is present in the input current due to rise and fall of the inductor current. This problem can be eliminated by using Interleaved Boost converter. An Interleaved Boost converter is the parallel connection of 2 or more Boost converters [5], also called the phases. Interleaved control of such a topology with n number of phases has phase shifting by 2π/n or 2139

4 T/n where T is the switching time period. The advantages of Interleaved Boost converter compared to the Boost converter are reduced current and voltage ripple, improved power factor, increased efficiency, reduction in the power rating of the inductor and the switch. WORKING PRINCIPLE Fig 3.Circuit diagram of IBC Converter There are two modes of operation of a Interleaved Boost converter. (i) Mode 1 : In the mode 1 operation the time t=0, the gate pulse is given to the power electronic switch. When the switch S1 is turned ON the inductor current L1 will increases linearly At that time the switch S2 will be turned off so that the inductor L2 will store the energy and it is transfer the energy to the load via diode D2 [6]. In the time interval, the reverse bias condition is occurred in the first phase of diode D1. When the time t=0 the switch S1 will get closed (turned on). The inductor L1 will gets increases and inductor L2 will be discharge. (ii) Mode 2: Fig 4.IBC mode 1 operation When the time T=T1, at the first phrase the gate pulse is given to the power electronic switch S2. The MOSFET switch S2 will be turned on (closed). The inductor current will increases gradually. In the first phase the switch S2 will get turned on and S1 will get turned Off, then the inductor L1 will be stored the energy and it is transfer the energy to the load via diode D1. The reverse bias condition will occur in the second phase of Diode [7]. 2140

5 In the time T=T1 the switch S2 will be turned on (closed). The inductor current L2 will be increases gradually and the inductor L1 will be discharge. Fig 5.IBC mode 2 operation The waveforms for voltages and currents are shown in Fig. 6 for continuous load current, assuming that the current rises or falls linearly. Fig 6.Voltage and current waveforms of IBC 4. THREE PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER Solar PV array generates current electricity from solar installation. However, there are several loads which will work with AC electricity. Also the grid connected applications requires that the DC is converted AC before the power the power can be fed into the grid. A DC-AC converter is also called as Inverter converts a DC quantity into an AC quantity. In the voltage source inverter by controlling the frequency of duty cycle, we can control the frequency of the output voltages and the output voltage could be fixed or variable frequency. The inverter gain is defined as the ratio of the ac output voltage to the dc input voltage [10]. The output voltages from an ideal inverter will be sinusoidal. However, the waveforms of practical inverter are non-sinusoidal and contain harmonics. For low and medium-power applications, square or quasi-square wave voltages may be acceptable and for high power applications low distorted sinusoidal wave forms are required. 2141

6 5. BLDC MOTOR BLDC motor are most popularly used in industrial application due to its reliability, low maintenance and low susceptibility. It has been progressively replacing conventional DC drives in various applications such as electrical vehicles and industrial automation. A brush less and commutator less dc motor is defined as the permanent magnet synchronous motor with the f eedback whi ch is get f r om the r otor position. The brushless direct current motors are mainly controlled by using the three phase full bridge converter. The motor requires the initial speed and the rotor will get rotate the sensor used to sense the rotor position for starting and its provides the proper commutation order to make turn on the converter devices in the circuit. Based on the position of the rotating part, for every sixty degree the switches are commutated regularly. In case of using the brushes for commutating the armature current it will need the regular maintenance, now-a-days the electronically commutation method is used to avoid the regular maintenance [14][15]. The problems that raised based on the brushes and the commutation, for example, the spark and short circuit. 6. SIMULATION RESULT 7. BLDC MOTOR OUTPUT 7.Simulation figure of bldc motor using IBC Fig 8.Bldc motor output 2142

7 8. ROTOR SPEED 9. ELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUE Fig 9.Rotor speed of Bldc motor Fig10.Simulation of Electromagnetic Torque 10. CONCLUSION This paper presents the simulation of interleaved boost converter feeding a BLDC motor drive in low power applications. With this proposed converter the power quality can be improved at the AC mains. The speed control of the BLDC motor can be carried out by varying the DC bus voltage level. Electronic commutation will leads to the reduction of switching stress in the inverter. Speed can be controlled by the variation in DC link voltage. The interleaved boost converter performed importantly among the system because the system required a sufficiently high step-up conversion. The interleaved boost converter magnetically coupled to a voltage doubled circuit which provides a voltage gain higher than that of conventional boost topology this converter has low voltage stress across the switches neutral voltage balancing between output capacitors, low input current ripple, and magnetic components operating with the double with the double of switching frequency. 2143

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